Lantern Festival is an important part of the annual custom activities, and Longxian people call it "the first day" and "the fifteenth day of high school". Lantern Festival activities mainly have three contents: First, eating glutinous rice balls; The second is to watch lanterns, fireworks and solve riddles on the lanterns on lanterns; The third is to play social fire. After the fifth day of the first month, lanterns of various shapes, such as warm pot lanterns, fish lanterns, tiger lanterns, bunny lanterns, monkey children's lanterns, watermelon lanterns, gauze lanterns, palace lanterns, dragon lanterns, lotus lanterns, cupping lanterns, etc. , listed for sale. From the eighth day, the husband's family began to send lanterns and bring gifts or cakes to unmarried daughter-in-law. The 14th to 16th of the first month is the Lantern Festival. At night, sky lanterns, door lanterns and grave lanterns are hung in the courtyard of every household in urban and rural areas, and children walk around with colored lights. The new wife will go to her uncle's house or aunt's house to "hide from the lights" on the first Lantern Festival. This custom is related to folklore. Longzhou social fire has a history of more than 2000 years, which flourished in Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to the old records of Longzhou, as early as the Qin and Han dynasties, there were "hundred plays" among Longzhou people. In 209 BC, people in Gulong Prefecture arranged and performed Jiaoxi Land and Huanggong in the East China Sea according to the stories of Huang Gongfu and Bai Hu. From 8 1 year BC to 13 years of Zhao Hanyuan, Longzhou Records recorded that "every night in the first month, the streets were full of strangers, drums and torches sounded, men were dressed in women's clothes, and they took pleasure in filthy things, and animals did not shy away from each other." During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the ancient temple fairs in Longzhou played games with each other, and the fires of various clubs in the county continued day and night, changing with the scene. The types of social fires in Longzhou are: Mashe Fire, Beishe Fire (that is, Shuoshe Fire), Jushe Fire, Shanshe Fire, Gaoxin, Stilts, Cheshe Fire, Qiuzhao, Seesaw, Lion Dance, Dragon Dance, Playing Big Head, Joining the Army in Ancient Times, Bamboo Horse, Land Boat, Knife Dance, Stick Dance, Yangko, Waist Encouragement, etc.
The performance forms of Longzhou Shehuo: except for stilts and Bushmaster singing performances, most of them belong to plastic arts. The manifestations of Longzhou social fire are as follows: (1) refining ghosts and gods with immortal buddhas; Loyal martyrs, wearing robes; Arrogance, joys and sorrows; Cymbals drive sticks, scold traitors, scold him. Most of the content is based on myths and legends and historical romance stories, but also on seeking good fortune, praising political harmony and publicizing economic development.
Characteristics of Longzhou social fire: Mashe fire is the most common and largest social fire in Longzhou. There are "Hei Hu Lingguan" to clear the way in front of all kinds of Shehuo performance teams. The gongs and drums of all kinds of social fire performance teams have a huge lineup, intense rhythm, magnificent momentum and deafening sound, and the performers hold their heads high and look energetic. It shows the heroic spirit of the strong men in the western part of the Yellow Land. The vivid and exaggerated facial makeup of Longzhou Shehuo has formed its main characteristics.
Types of traditional Chinese opera facial makeup
Shehuo is purely a pantomime performance, similar to a long dance sculpture in broad daylight. The audience can only read the contents from the face books of the characters painted by Shehuo, which requires Facebook design to have a musical score to follow.
Longzhou folk artists make bold and meticulous creations according to their own understanding of the roles they play. The use of color patterns and the alternation of lines are very detailed, concrete and intuitive in highlighting people's appearance characteristics, giving people an original and clear feeling. Longzhou embroidery art has a long history and has been handed down from generation to generation. The quaint and rich local flavor gives people a beautiful appreciation with its romantic, extensive, strong, natural and colorful shapes. It is characterized by exaggerated patterns, exquisite embroidery, tight needle angles and strong local flavor. Every needle and thread is full of women's inner feelings and good wishes.
Longzhou embroidery varieties include: embroidered pillows, embroidered door curtains, embroidered shoes, embroidered insoles, embroidered wall hangings, hundred flowers curtains, 10,000 yuan umbrellas, five poison stomachs, sachets, tiger hats, dog hats, sleeves, tiger shoes, tiger pillows, cat pillows, pig pillows, five poison ear pillows, Qin pillows, salmon pillows and fish pillows. Shadow play has been circulating in Longzhou for a long time, which developed from paper-cutting. Because the organization of shadow play class is quite simple, there are not many people in need, and the performance is humorous and full of local interest, which is deeply loved by the broad masses of the people. There are still 7 shadow play classes in the countryside of the county. The original style of shadow play on West Road is completely preserved.
The production of Longzhou shadow play was mainly initiated by the late old artist Chen Zhaoxian. His production art is the main representative of shadow play production on the West Shaanxi Road, and his 1000 pieces of shadow play (pastel) reflect superb carving skills and skillful painting skills. Chen Zhaoxian has been engaged in fine arts for more than 40 years and has carved more than 3,000 traditional and modern drama characters and scenes. 150 More than 50 pieces of shadow play were collected by China Art Museum, and many works won grand prizes in various exhibitions. 1989 was selected as the Who's Who of China Folk Artists. Zanthoxylum bungeanum: The meat is thick and long, the texture is symmetrical, and the color is delicious. It is known as the king of Qin pepper. The annual output of fresh peppers is more than 7 million kilograms, which are exported to Southeast Asia, Europe and America, and obtained the national export credit certificate.
Walnut: thin and full-skinned, sweet and crisp, rich in nutrition, mainly produced in shallow mountainous areas in the south and mountainous areas in the northwest, with an annual output of more than 4 million kilograms of walnuts, which has been designated as an export inspection-free product by the state.
Flue-cured tobacco: It has been planted since the early 1980s, with an area of 60,000 mu and a total output of 52.92 million kilograms. It is the second largest county in the province, and Guanshan brand tobacco is one of the three famous brand products in Shaanxi Province.
Panax quinquefolium is a valuable Chinese medicine for nourishing yin and promoting fluid production. 1979 trial planting, large-scale planting since 1985. The existing area is 654.38+10,000 square meters, and the annual output is1.5,000 kg.
Schisandra chinensis: it has the effects of nourishing the heart and kidney, benefiting the spleen and stomach, appetizing and calming the nerves. It tastes sweet and sour, and the beverage is delicious and has more obvious efficacy. Its resources are widely distributed in Guanshan forest area, with an annual output of more than 500,000 kilograms. Shaanxi Shenyun Schisandra Wine Co., Ltd. China Schisandra Wine won the gold medal in the first China Food Expo.
Seabuckthorn: The fruit contains a lot of vitamin C, which is called the king of Vc, and its juice is an excellent drink. Resources are spread all over the mountainous areas of north and south, with an annual output of more than 2 million kilograms.
Dairy products: The dairy products processing enterprises of Heshi, Guanshan, Zhenghe produce 6390 tons of dairy products and liquid milk 1.38 million tons annually. "Heshi" brand and "Guanshan" brand series milk powder won the titles of national inspection-free products and top brands in China food industry, and "Ruifu" brand dry milk powder filled the blank in the national market. Horseshoe Crisp
Also known as honey stuffing, it is named after its horseshoe shape. It was originally a precious cake when people in Longxian visited relatives and friends. It is made of refined flour, sheep fat, honey and white sugar, with brown color, clear texture, crisp and sweet texture and storage resistance. Now it is produced by Longxian Food Processing Factory.
Horseshoe Crisp is the original match of Tang Dynasty King Li Shimin. Back home, she was introduced to the court meals in Longzhou, her hometown. The eldest grandson was originally from Xiangquan Township, Longzhou, and now there is a princess tomb site in Sunjiazhuang. The site of Niangniang Temple under Xianggong Mountain, Dongfeng Township, Longxian County, is an ancestral temple built in the Tang Dynasty to commemorate the virtuous eldest grandson's visit to the holy land and to reduce taxes for Longzhou people.
Ningguo
Commonly known as Ningguo Doudou, it is a very delicious food made of flour, oiled and sprinkled with white sugar, and cooled.
cold noodles with sauce
Red pepper, white cold rice noodles. Longxian cold rice noodles, like Xifu cold rice noodles, are made of flour through soaking, washing and steaming. There are two kinds of rolled noodles and steamed noodles.
Mutton bubble
Longzhou mutton bubble is characterized by heavy ingredients, heavy taste, thick carrion soup, attractive aroma, endless aftertaste after eating, and has the function of warming the stomach. Especially in winter, people often queue up for dinner. The mutton bubble in Longxian is different from that in other parts of Xifu. Breaking steamed bread (scones with white flour) by hand, putting it in a bowl, soaking it in hot soup, adding vermicelli and sheep blood, sprinkling chopped green onion and eating sugar and garlic is one of the daily breakfasts of Longxian people.
Oil-swirled crispy buns
Crispy cakes and crispy steamed buns in Longxian are also two local characteristics. The oil swirl is made of dough baked in charcoal hot pot, and it is covered with walnuts and peanuts. Fragrant but not oily, crisp and delicious. A doughnut is about the size of a sesame cake. It is thick around and thin in the middle, and baked around, which has a unique taste.
Longzhou crispy steamed stuffed bun with crispy skin and sweet stuffing. Su bread is baked with oil noodles and sugar stuffing.
Dog tongue
Dog's tongue is a kind of cake similar to oil swirl, but it is large and crisp with walnut residue on it. The taste is very suitable for teenagers and the elderly, and is deeply loved by Longzhou people.
Stir-fried jiaozi and honey jiaozi
Longxian fried noodles are made of local corn flour, with oil pepper and sauerkraut, which has a unique flavor.
Honey zongzi is sweet and waxy.