Guanzhong Folk Art Museum is located at the foot of Nanwutai Mountain in Chang 'an District, Xi City, Shaanxi Province. Covering an area of nearly 500 mu, it rescues all kinds of cultural relics, ancient houses in Guanzhong and related historical and cultural relics. Guanzhong is a regional name, including five cities: Xi, Xianyang, Baoji, Weinan, Yangling and Tongchuan. Because it is located in the "four passes" of Shaanxi, it is called Guanzhong. There are natural barriers around Guanzhong Plain, which are easy to defend but difficult to attack. Rich in products since ancient times. The Guanzhong Plain, called "Land of Abundance" by Zhang Yi, is more than half a century earlier than the Chengdu Plain. Guanzhong is the hometown of Qin, so it is also called Qinchuan in 800 Li. People in the rich and safe Guanzhong Plain can live and work in peace and contentment, and it has also become a unique architecture and art.
Guanzhong culture is one of the most important birthplaces of China culture. There have been many ancient buildings in Guanzhong since ancient times. Unfortunately, for various reasons, many ancient houses have disappeared. Compared with neighboring Shaanxi, there are few ancient buildings on the ground in xi. So I first came to the Guanzhong Folk Art Museum at the foot of South Wutai Mountain, and it was really an eye-opener to see such concentrated and large-scale ancient buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Compared with the need for "fantasy" in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, various TV dramas in the Ming and Qing Dynasties often greet everyone's ancient buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. I believe everyone is familiar with it, and almost every city is "a person". Therefore, when I first came to Guanzhong Folk Art Museum and saw about 40 courtyards of ancient buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties, I felt very cordial. I couldn't help wondering who the ancestors of such a large piece of folk houses were and why many people had never heard of them. In fact, all the houses here are from several cities in Guanzhong, and they were moved here "artificially".
In the 1980s, the founder of the museum, Mr. Wang Yongchao, happened to see that some horse-tied stakes in Guanzhong residential buildings were ignored and were about to be sold or destroyed, so he decided to rescue all kinds of Guanzhong cultural relics. Later, he organized more than 30 people, divided into several groups, went from village to village, went deep into the people, and registered and collected folk cultural relics from all over Guanzhong. With the help of the government, nearly 65,438+0,000 ancient dwellings in 40 courtyards were finally collected, protected and moved here. The museum also displays celebrity calligraphy and painting, folk art, folk customs and other cultural collections, which constitute today's Guanzhong Folk Art Museum, so that everyone who walks in here can deeply feel the profoundness of Guanzhong folk culture and the charm of Guanzhong folk houses.
The most striking thing in the museum is that there are more than 8,000 exquisite wooden stakes tied to horses at the entrance, which is known as the "Terracotta Warriors on the ground". Shuanmazhuang stone carving is a unique folk art in northern China, especially in Weibei Plateau in Guanzhong, Shaanxi. The original function of the horse-tying pile was the stone products used by large families to tie mules and horses in the past, because the ancient Guanzhong land was fertile and suitable for raising horses. In the Western Han Dynasty, in order to resist the invasion of Xiongnu, the Han Dynasty began to raise horses here in large numbers, which made the horse raising in Guanzhong reach its peak. Horses used to fight for cavalry in wartime have become the means of transportation for large families in Guanzhong in peacetime. It's natural and ceremonial to tie a horse when you go home. Like the stone lion in front of the door, the horse-tied pile is also carved with exquisite stone carvings, which is a decoration and luxury for the big family to show off. Hua Biao, known as a big family, also has the meaning of ward off evil spirits in the town house when it is used.
Today, you saw so many pegs, which inspired Mr. Wang Yongchao to open a museum. At that time, so many Mazar piles were left unattended, many of them were smashed to pave the way, and some of them were targeted by cultural relics dealers and were about to be resold. In order not to destroy the unique folk art of Mazar-i-Mazar, Mr. Wang Yongchao began to collect Mazar-i-Mazar and various works related to Guanzhong folk customs, which made us see such a spectacular "Terracotta Warriors and Horses on the Ground" today.
Guanzhong is rich in tied horse piles because of its geographical location. Guanzhong is rich in limestone (that is, bluestone), which is easy to mine and moderate in hardness. It is suitable for carving and provides raw materials for a large number of tied horse piles. The tied horse pile in the museum covers the five dynasties of Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing, and has a history of thousands of years, so it is known as the "Terracotta Warriors and Horses on the Ground". Now the traffic is more convenient, and no one rides horses anymore. The ancient wooden stakes for tying horses have also become history today. If you have paid attention to the entrance of Guanzhong residence in TV series, you will find that the villages tied with horses are generally on both sides of the gate of large families. Of course, because of the venue, the museum concentrated the tied horse stones in one room for display.
On 20 16 CCTV Spring Festival Evening, the performances of Sitar tan and Huayin's old tune made people excited. In the museum, as soon as you step into the street paved with bluestone, you can hear the roar from the pear garden on the left. This is an old Huayin tune that is regularly performed in the pear garden. Don't miss it. Huayin Laoqiang, as an intangible cultural heritage, has a history of more than 2,000 years. From the earliest folk storytelling art, it has gradually developed into a traditional opera performance. Huayin's simple and high-pitched singing voice roared out the momentum of Qinchuan in 800 miles, and its heroic spirit was called "Rock on the Yellow Land".
As many performers get older, Huayin's old tune is rapidly disappearing. Fortunately, in 2006, Huayin Laoqiang was selected into China's "National Intangible Cultural Heritage List", hoping that such wonderful performances can be passed down from generation to generation. Huayin's time-honored plays performed in the museum include Guanzhong Folk Songs and Bailuyuan, which are worth listening to. There are no tickets for the pear garden, and the romance program has been included in the tickets for the museum. Just watch it when you come.
There are many ancient towns in China, many of which have a history of thousands of years. These ancient towns, which are still preserved today, retain a large number of places of interest and unique architectural culture, and also inherit the local folk culture. However, because the houses in Guanzhong are mostly brick-wood structures, after decades of wind, rain and sun, many internal structures have been crumbling. In addition, some designs of the building itself can't meet people's daily life. With the development of the city, many distinctive houses in Guanzhong either collapsed naturally when people left their homes, or were transformed and demolished into modern buildings. These primitive houses are gradually disappearing. Many times, we can only see these Ming and Qing buildings in some antique towns.
Due to the protective collection of the museum, many ancient houses originally located in different areas of Weibei have been restored as they are, which is different from the antique town buildings in the scenic spot and combined into unique luxury houses in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Looking up, there are cornices and arches, looking down, there are blue brick stone carvings, and between the deep-walled high courts are rows of well-preserved houses of large families. The ancestors of these courtyards were wealthy businessmen in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, ministers of household affairs in Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty, and elders of three dynasties in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty. There are families of military commanders and literati, and the combination of civil and military brings out the best in each other, like a living history book that has witnessed the rise and fall of each dynasty and generation.
At present, the first phase of the museum is not large. Roughly speaking, it can be completed in an hour or two, but if you look closely, it can take half a day. After entering the gate of the archway, you can visit along Qingshi Road in the courtyard through the ticket gate. On both sides of the street are the former residences of Ming and Qing dynasties with blue bricks and tiles. Residential buildings, theaters and other buildings have their own characteristics. Carefully guarding the brick carvings upstairs and decorating the eaves are very beautiful. In some rooms, there are various exhibitions of Guanzhong folk life, such as wedding scenes, daily necessities, famous calligraphy and painting, and old furniture, which are very interesting.
The ancient folk houses with strong folk customs, lifelike sculptures and buildings with blue bricks and green tiles are not only rich in connotation, but also of great research value. For ordinary people, it is also a good place to learn Guanzhong history, cultivate sentiment and enrich personal culture. Of course, there are many details worth exploring in the museum. I look forward to opening other areas of the scenic spot in the future.