1. Patients with thalassemia are often weak, so they should be cautious in their daily life, be suitable for cold and temperature, and pay attention to preventing exogenous diseases; Do more outdoor activities; Breathe fresh air; Proper physical exercise, qigong exercise and playing Tai Ji Chuan will help to enhance physical fitness and disease resistance. 2. Diet conditioning Pay attention to diet conditioning and eat nutritious food. Everything that is spicy, sticky, too greasy, cold and unclean should be fasted or eaten less. 3. Paying attention to mental conditioning is of great significance to prevent physical deficiency and blood deficiency. Excessive seven emotions easily lead to yin consumption and blood consumption, which is not only the cause of disease, but also aggravates the progress of the disease. Therefore, patients with this disease should maintain a comfortable and optimistic mood. Mild thalassemia does not require special treatment. Moderate and severe thalassemia should be treated by one or more of the following methods. 1. General treatment should pay attention to rest and nutrition, and actively prevent infection. Appropriate supplementation of folic acid and vitamin B 12. 2. Blood transfusion and iron removal are still one of the important treatment methods at present. A small amount of red blood cell infusion is only suitable for moderate α and β thalassemia, not for severe β thalassemia. For severe β thalassemia, medium and large doses of blood transfusion should be given from the early stage to make the growth and development of children close to normal and prevent bone lesions. The methods are as follows: firstly, the concentrated red blood cells are infused repeatedly to make the hemoglobin content of children reach120 ~150g/L; Then, every 2 ~ 4 weeks, concentrated red blood cells 10 ~ 15 ml/kg were infused to keep the hemoglobin content above 90 ~105 g/L. However, this method is easy to lead to hemosiderosis and should be treated with iron-Austrian mixture at the same time. 3. Desferriamine is commonly used in iron chelating agents, which can increase the excretion of iron from urine and feces, but it can't prevent the gastrointestinal tract from absorbing iron. Iron load is usually evaluated after regular infusion of red blood cells 1 year or 10 ~ 20 units. If there is iron overload (such as SF >；; 1000 μ g/l), using iron chelating agent. Every night, deferoxamine was injected subcutaneously for 65438 0 times, lasting 65438 02 hours, or added into isotonic glucose solution for 8-65438 02 hours; 5 ~ 7 days a week, long-term application. Or adde into red blood cell suspension for slow infusion. Deferamine has few side effects and occasional allergic reactions, which can cause cataracts and long bone development disorders for a long time. Too much will lead to poor eyesight and hearing. The combined application of vitamin C and chelating agent can enhance the effect of deferoxamine on urinary iron excretion, and the dose is 200rng/ day. 4. Splenectomy Splenectomy is effective for H disease and intermediate β thalassemia, but it is not effective for severe β thalassemia. Splenectomy can weaken immune function, and should be performed after 5 ~ 6 years old, and the indications should be strictly controlled. 5. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a method that can radically cure severe β thalassemia at present. If there are HLA-compatible hematopoietic stem cell donors; It should be the first choice for the treatment of severe β thalassemia. 6. The application of chemical drugs in gene activation therapy can increase the expression of γ gene or decrease the expression of α gene, thus improving the condition of β thalassemia. Drugs that have been used in clinic include semicarbazide, 5- azacytidine (5 ~ AZC), cytarabine, Malan, isoniazid and so on. , currently being explored. In addition, you can look at the diagnostic criteria of traditional Chinese medicine.

(1) Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney:

Symptoms: long course of disease, sallow or white complexion, no appetite, abdominal distension or loose stool, backache and leg weakness, chills, listlessness and laziness, or abdominal caking, pale tongue, thin and white fur and thready pulse.

Syndrome analysis: early onset, congenital disease and insufficient endowment. Kidney storing essence, dominating bone and producing marrow are congenital foundations; Spleen is the foundation of the day after tomorrow and the source of qi and blood biochemistry. Blood is transformed from essence. Deficiency of kidney essence and emptiness of marrow sea will lead to blood deficiency. The spleen is out of health, and the source of qi and blood biochemistry is insufficient; Therefore, deficiency of both spleen and kidney eventually leads to deficiency of essence and qi and blood. It can be seen that the complexion is dull, the limbs are weak, the waist is sore and the legs are soft, the stool is thin, the urine is frequent at night, the food intake is poor, and the cold is afraid. The location of the disease is spleen and kidney, and the nature is deficiency.

(2) Yin deficiency of liver and kidney:

Symptoms: white face, red cheekbones, tinnitus, dizziness, soreness of waist and knees, hot flashes and night sweats, dry throat, dry nails, wrong nails, or epistaxis, ecchymosis, red tongue with little coating and rapid pulse. The disease is located in liver and kidney, and its nature is deficiency.

Syndrome analysis: Liver and kidney are homologous, and when liver and kidney are yin deficient, fire is excessive, and blood deficiency leads to wind, so there are symptoms such as white face, red cheekbones, tinnitus, dizziness, soreness of waist and knees, hot flashes, night sweats and dry throat. Internal heat due to yin deficiency, muscle injury and bone movement, epistaxis and skin ecchymosis.

(3) Damp heat:

Symptoms: yellow eyes, dull complexion, hypochondriac agglomeration, abdominal distension or skin ecchymosis; The tongue has petechiae: white or yellow fur, thin or knotted pulse.

Syndrome analysis: deficiency of body constitution, weakness of spleen and stomach, abnormal transport and transformation, endogenous dampness and turbidity, long-term transformation into damp heat, or reinfection of damp-heat exogenous disease, damp-heat steaming, jaundice, damp-heat septicemia, bladder dumping, and dark urine color. The location of the disease is qi and blood, and the nature is true.

Traditional therapy in China

(1) Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney: treatment: tonifying kidney and strengthening spleen.

Prescription: Shisiwei Jianzhong Decoction. 20g of Radix Astragali, 10g of Radix Codonopsis10g, 0g of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae10g of Radix Angelicae Sinensis10g of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata10g of Poria10g of Radix Glycyrrhizae10g of Radix Paeoniae Alba.

For patients with yin deficiency, Radix Polygoni Multiflori, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi and Radix Scrophulariae are added. For patients with yang deficiency, 65438 00g of aconite and 65438 00g of epimedium are added; Artemisia capillaris 10g and Alisma orientalis 10g are added for patients with jaundice. Radix Paeoniae Rubra 10g, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 10g, Semen Persicae 10g, and Flos Carthami 10g are added for patients with blood stasis.

Solution: This prescription is basically based on Shiquan Dabu Decoction, supplemented by Bushen drugs such as Psoralea corylifolia and Cistanche deserticola. Sijunzi decoction tonifies the middle energizer, strengthens the spleen and regulates the stomach, Siwu decoction promotes blood circulation and tonifies the blood, and Psoralea corylifolia and Cistanche deserticola tonify the kidney and warm the spleen.

(2) Yin deficiency of liver and kidney: treatment: nourishing liver and kidney, benefiting essence and blood.

Prescription: Jiawei Zuogui Pill. Radix Rehmanniae Preparata 15g, Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15g, Fructus Corni 10g, Semen Cuscutae 15g, Fructus Lycii 15g, Radix Polygoni Multiflori 15g, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae 10g, and Colla Cervi/kloc. Add Rhizoma Sparganii and Rhizoma Curcumae to the abdominal mass.

Solution: This prescription is modified Zuogui Pill, the basic prescription for nourishing kidney yin.

(3) Damp heat:

Treatment: clearing away dampness and heat, benefiting qi and nourishing blood.

Prescription: Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction combined with Yinchenhao Decoction. 20g of Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, 0g of Poria cocos10g, 0g of Rhizoma Curcumae10g of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae10g of Rhizoma Alismatis10g of Radix Paeoniae Rubra10g of Radix Angelicae Sinensis10g of Prunellae Spica.

Radix Codonopsis 15g, Radix Astragali 30g, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10g, Radix Paeoniae Alba 10g are added for patients with deficiency of both qi and blood.

Prescriptions: Erling, Alisma orientalis and Atractylodes macrocephala strengthen the spleen and promote diuresis, and the yang in Guizhi leads to the circulation of qi, which makes urine smooth; Add Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, Fructus Gardeniae and Prunellae Spica to relieve damp-heat evil from the bottom.