Yan' an materials of primary school texts

Lesson 24 of Chinese (People's Education Edition) in the fourth grade of primary school is a modern poem with the title "Yan 'an, I will pursue you". In the "reading guidance" of the text, students are required to "find relevant information to help them understand". Here are some materials related to the text for students' reference.

I.4 "Pursuing Information" This poem takes "Pursuing" as a clue, in which four places closely related to Yan 'an are written. Look at these four poems-

Pursuing you, the tinkling water of Yanhe River,

Chasing you, pear blossoms in jujube garden,

Pursuing you, the head of reclamation in Nanniwan,

Pursuing you, the place where Yang Jialing gave a speech.

Then, Yanhe, Zaoyuan, Nanniwan and Yang Jialing involved here are the most representative places in Yan 'an, and the poet expressed his deep feelings and sincere call for Yan 'an spirit.

Yanhe River is a tributary of the Yellow River. It flows through Yan 'an and is a symbol of Yan 'an. At that time, many revolutionaries often discussed the truth of revolution by the Yanhe River.

Zaoyuan and Yang Jialing were once the central headquarters of China. During this period, Mao Zedong and other central leaders and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China authorities commanded War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the Liberation War, led the mass production movement and the rectification movement, and held the "Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC)" and the Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art.

"Nanniwan" is the south gate of Yan 'an, where the 359th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army launched a famous mass production movement, which is a banner of self-reliance and hard struggle.

Second, Nanniwan Reclamation 1939. In order to smash the enemy's economic blockade, the CPC Central Committee put forward the call of "do it yourself and have plenty of food and clothing". All the soldiers and civilians in the border area launched a vigorous large-scale production movement. "Nanniwan Reclamation" was a typical example of the large-scale production movement in that year.

1940 In May, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De returned to Yan 'an from the Taihang Anti-Japanese Front, and went to Yan 'an Xichuan for inspection with Dong, Xu Teli, Zhang Dingcheng and Wang Shoudao. When he passed by Nanniwan, he saw that Nanniwan was a fertile place and immediately thought, why not farm here? So, he put forward the "reclamation policy", claiming that the 359th Brigade led by Brigadier General Wang Zhen recovered Nanniwan.

? 194 1 In the spring of, the 359th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army marched into Nanniwan. Nanniwan is a wasteland. Dozens of miles in Fiona Fang, Fiona Fang are uninhabited, and the living and production conditions are very difficult. The army has no house to live in, no food and vegetables to eat, no production tools, seeds and farm animals for land reclamation, so it faces many difficulties. But this did not frighten the tenacious soldiers, who sang the battle song of "one shot at a time, production and construction to defend the CPC Central Committee" and started the mass production movement.

? Under the leadership of Wang Zhen, the 359th Brigade, while reclaiming wasteland, conducted military training, turned the once barren Nanniwan into a "small southern suburb of northern Shaanxi" full of crops and cattle and sheep, realized self-sufficiency in food and funds for the troops, and turned over public grain 1 10,000 tons to the border region government.

1943, Mao Zedong wrote the inscription "Creative Spirit" for Wang Zhen, and awarded it to all the soldiers of the 359th Brigade, named as "Pioneer of Economic Development".

Nanniwan has thus become a shining example in the mass production movement. People call the revolutionary spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle in the mass production movement "Nanniwan Spirit". 1February, 943, the film group of the Eighth Route Army General Political Department filmed Nanniwan, and the spirit of Nanniwan was summarized as "self-reliance, hard struggle and hard struggle".

Third, Yang Jialing's speech? 1938165438+10 to1947 March, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China entered Yang Jialing, 2.5 kilometers north of Yan 'an. Here, the central auditorium, the central office building, caves 14 holes, interface caves 19 holes and 100 tile houses have been built successively, and more than 100 caves have been dug on the mountainside.

The institutions set up in Yang Jialing are: Central Office, Organization Department, Propaganda Department, United Front Work Department, Rural Work Department, Political Research Office, Finance and Economics Committee, Rural Work Committee, Youth Work Committee, Women's Work Committee and Central Secretariat. Seen from a height, the central office looks like an airplane, so people often call it the "airplane building".

Mao Zedong lived in Yang Jialing from 1938+0 1 to 1943, where he wrote many works, including the may 4th movement, the direction of the youth movement and the theory of new democracy? 40 articles on economic problems and financial problems during the Anti-Japanese War. The inscription "Do it yourself and have plenty of food and clothing" is written in Yang Jialing's living room.

Then, "Yang Jialing's speech" mainly refers to the important speech in the Central Auditorium. Here is an example.

1944165438+1October, Mao Zedong met all the cadres of the 359th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army in the Central Auditorium and taught them two skills: one is the skill of pine trees, which is principled and tall and straight wherever it grows; The other is the skill of willow, which is very flexible and can live anywhere. 1On April 20th, 945, the Seventh Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee enlarged by the Central Committee was held in the banquet hall of the Central Auditorium, at which the Resolution on Several Historical Issues was discussed and adopted.

1April 23, 945 to 1 1 June 23, the seventh national congress of China * * * production party was held in the central auditorium. On June 19, 2009, the first plenary session of the Seventh Central Committee was held in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and Mao Zedong was elected as a member of the Central Committee and Chairman the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and Zhu De,, and were elected as secretaries of the Central Secretariat.

4. Zaoyuan This used to be the orchard of the ruined landlord Shen Youan. Later, he sold the garden and its cave to Gao Shuangcheng, a warlord in northern Shaanxi. * * * After the central government entered Yan 'an, it was confiscated and nationalized. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/939, the Central Social Department lived here and changed its name to "Yanyuan". ?

After 1942, the central government successively built more than 20 caves, more than 80 bungalows and 1 small auditorium in Zaoyuan. Mao Zedong has completed such works as Learning and the Current Situation, The Current Situation after War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's Victory, Our Policy, etc. Among them, 28 books have been included in Selected Works of Mao Zedong.

Once, Mao Zedong met a cadre who came back from the front here. He said, "You have just returned to Yan 'an from the front, so you should get used to the caves in Yan 'an. The caves in Yan 'an are the most revolutionary and have Marxism, which can command War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression to win. The people of the whole country pinned their hopes on us, that is, on the caves in Yan' an. You must look up at the caves in Yan' an! " 1950 February, Mao Zedong wrote a letter to the people of Zaoyuan in Yan 'an, "carry forward the revolutionary tradition; Strive for greater glory "couplet.

Five, Baota shan and other four mountains Baota shan, Liang Qingshan, Phoenix Mountain and Wanhua Mountain are the four famous mountains in Yan 'an.

Yan 'an Pagoda (also known as Lingshan Temple Pagoda) on the Baota shan was built in Tang Daizong Dali period more than 65,438+0,300 years ago. A pavilion structure with 44 meters high, eight sides and nine floors. It is beautiful and majestic, and has become a symbol of the revolutionary holy land in Yan 'an. Baota shan and Liang Qingshan are far apart. If you want to see the panoramic view of the pagoda, you can go to Liang Qing.

Liang Qing is located in the center of Yan 'an, facing Baota shan and Phoenix Mountain across the Yanhe River. During the Yan 'an period, news organizations such as Xinhua News Agency, Xinhua Radio Station, Jiefang Daily (news memorial hall), Xinhua Bookstore (Cave 5) and Central Printing Factory (in the compound of Wanfo Temple) were all located on Liang Qingshan, so Cool is also called "News Mountain".

Phoenix Mountain is located in the northwest corner of Yan 'an City, 1937 1 to19381,where the central government is located.

Wanhua is located in Dufuchuan, southwest of Yan 'an 15km. During the Yan 'an period, Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi and Zhou Enlai left Mo Bao to come here.

Sixth, the whole poem is copied-"Yan' an, I pursue you" is like a swallow returning.

Pursuing the past spring;

Like a thriving young tree,

Chasing rain and dew and sunshine.

Pursuing you, the tinkling water of Yanhe River,

Chasing you, pear blossoms in jujube garden,

Pursuing you, the head of reclamation in Nanniwan,

Pursuing you, the place where Yang Jialing gave a speech.

Rows of tall buildings have mushroomed,

A piece of household appliances is dazzling;