Jiangxi people's favor for "Lao Biao" has a long history, and the earliest statement may be traced back to the totem era. According to the examination, "table" refers to the wood of the old times, such as "Twelve Years of Gong Xuan": "The corpse will be collected under the wood tomorrow." Du Note: "Table refers to wood." However, the excavation of Wucheng site in Qingjiang River reveals that there are "hundreds of column holes of different sizes, mostly arranged in rows or staggered" in the laterite altar in Shang Dynasty. This is obviously the primitive fetishism totem pole belief of Dongyi ethnic group in the Jianghuai valley and the extension area of the south of the Yangtze River. From the middle of Shang Dynasty to the end of Warring States Period, Lao Biao was recorded in writing. Therefore, "Lao Biao" is the vernacular expression of totem list, and it is the memory residue of totem impression of Jiangxi ethnic group.
Although such totem tracing can push forward the origin of "Lao Biao", after all, it involves many ancient documents and historical research, and few people can understand and accept it. Ordinary people are more inclined to understand "cousin" as a cousin according to today's way of thinking. But is it the cousin of Jiangxi province or the cousin relationship between Jiangxi and neighboring provinces? Legend has it that there are two flowers, one for each table.
[Edit this paragraph] 1. From Hakka dialect.
Some people say that the name "Lao Biao" was spontaneously initiated by Hakka people in Jiangxi to adapt to the unfamiliar living environment. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Han people in the Central Plains have been relegated, stationed, or looking for new living space, and moved south. Most of them settled in the mountainous areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, which are heavily blocked by Guanshan. The aborigines call themselves "sitting tigers", while the Hakkas (that is, the Han people in the Central Plains) are called "mountain tigers". The natives fight for the mountains, and the two tigers are fierce. Hakkas of different nationalities, surnames and clans cleverly use the name "Laobiao" to strengthen their feelings with other Hakkas, so as to achieve the purpose of unity, mutual assistance and interdependence. Over time, "old cousin" has become a common practice and has become a kind name for Hakka people in Jiangxi to enhance friendship and establish new interpersonal relationships.
[Edit this paragraph] Second, the nicknames of brother provinces around Jiangxi
Another statement is also about migration, but not moving into Jiangxi, but moving out of Jiangxi. "Old cousin" is a nickname given to Jiangxi ancestors by neighboring provinces. I am afraid that the historical reason is that Jiangxi has not been included in the national political map for a long time. After the Qin Dynasty, Guangzhou, Fujian and other provinces were included, and their geographical positions gradually emerged. However, agriculture is still the main industry. Because the population was saturated prematurely, most people in Jiangxi traveled around and cultivated, mostly in the hinterland. Fujian people think that only they can call Jiangxi people "old cousins"; Cantonese people also think that they are cousins with Jiangxi people; There is a legend in Hubei, that is, Hubei people were killed that year, and then handed down by three brothers in Jiangxi, and there is still a ancestral temple to commemorate these three brothers. More people have to start from Hunan. In Mr. Zou Huaheng's Hunan Genealogy, he said: "Most of the ancestors who moved to Hunan came from Jiangxi. In the genealogy of Hunan, when describing the origin, more than 60% of the genealogies claim that their ancestors moved from Jiangxi during the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, especially from Taihe, Luling and Jishui in Ji 'an, Jiangxi, Fengcheng and Nanchang in Nanchang. ..... Years of wars at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty made rural areas in most parts of Hunan desolate, Lushe was in ruins, and a large number of original residents were scattered. Subsequently, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, and especially Jiangxi people poured into Hunan in large numbers ... Folk songs circulated the saying that "Jiangxi fills the lake". Now when people in Hunan talk about Jiangxi people, they often call them Jiangxi cousins. The author doesn't know what they mean. In view of the historical origin of Hunan people, they misinterpreted it as: ideograph means cousin, which means that children born to fathers and sisters, brothers and sisters are called cousins; Ancestors are also called. Cousins are ancestors' cousins, and' Jiangxi cousins' refer to the ancestors' cousins in Jiangxi and Hunan provinces, which is another name for Jiangxi people from Hunan. "
[Edit this paragraph] Third, in addition,
There are some statements that are not recognized by the public, but they are also quite interesting. Here are one or two examples for readers.
Gannan is the birthplace of geomantic culture. Hakka people in Gannan believe in geomantic omen, and it is also recorded in the local chronicles: "Talking about geomantic omen, there are many reburied people on the Qingming Winter Solstice." "People believe in Feng Shui, often after burying for more than ten years, they try their luck at acupoints with their eyes open." At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Yang Junsong took refuge in Gannan and founded the Feng Shui School of Situation. Some people judge from these historical facts that the ancestors of Jiangxi believed in Feng Shui. At the same time, in order to easily grasp the direction in the migration, Jiangxi people love to carry a watch with them, that is, the ancient compass, so they are called "old watches" by foreigners.
There is a more mysterious story, related to Zhang Tianshi. As we all know, Zhang Tianshi is good at scribing, that is, scribing and mounting. He once occupied the world for 37 years, but the people were troubled. It was the king who gave the order, and the emperor of three yuan, three products and three officials came down to see the good and evil in the world and passed it on to others, thus avoiding a disaster. If you copy one to avoid a family disaster, copy ten to avoid a family disaster. "His Fu Biao was appreciated by the emperor, and it was circulated among the people as" Jiangxi Lao Biao ",which was later alienated into" Lao Biao ".
[Edit this paragraph] Fourth, the "old watch" originated from Zhu Yuanzhang's period
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty (/kloc-the middle of the third century), the feudal rulers of Mongolia stubbornly pursued the policy of ethnic discrimination and oppression in order to weaken the resistance of people of all ethnic groups and safeguard their privileges in the Yuan Dynasty. The product of this tyranny is all kinds of uprisings against Yuan. Zhu Yuanzhang, the leader of the peasant uprising, fought against Chen Youliang, the rebel leader who occupied Hankou as Hanwang in Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province 18. Chen Youliang is a fisherman, and he has many brothers. He is a warrior with high martial arts and is good at fighting on water. According to Yugan County Records, in A.D. 1363, Chen Youliang dispatched dozens of giant ships, and 600,000 sailors entered the surrounding Hongdu (now Nanchang). In this battle, Zhang Dingbian, a veteran of Chen Jun, almost wiped out Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Yuanzhang fled to Hong Kong with beaten army.
The vast Poyang Lake is 800 miles long. The sky is connected with water, and the water is connected with the sky. Zhu Yuanzhang had no choice but to look up at the sky and sigh, saying, If I fall into this situation, wouldn't God definitely kill me? For several days, they were hungry and cold, drifting blindly, losing ground, and finally approaching a peninsula land. Upon inquiry, the name here is Kang Langshan, which belongs to yugan county. The villagers found several boats floating on the lake and went forward to ask. It turned out that they had just "swept away bandits and relieved the suffering of the people;" Zhu Yuanzhang's army is under the banner of benevolence and righteousness, and is not greedy for wealth. Everyone rescued them ashore, settled them for treatment and rest, and every household sent food, pork and vegetables to take care of them like relatives. Zhu Yuanzhang was shot with several arrows and was seriously injured. The villagers hid him in the cave, invited a doctor, shot arrows at him every day to cure poison and gave him medicine, which made Zhu Yuanzhang very moved. Zhu Yuanzhang asked what their surnames were, and the villagers said that our whole village was surnamed Chen. Zhu Yuanzhang was very happy. My uncle in Fengyang's hometown is also surnamed Chen. Maybe you were family 500 years ago. So, you and I are still cousins! Since then, both sides have affectionately called each other "cousins".
After a period of rest and the care of the villagers, Zhu Yuanzhang recovered. Based on this, he took in the old army, recruited soldiers, reclaimed land in Hutianzhou, helped villagers develop production and increased supplies for the troops. More than two years later, Zhu Yuanzhang reorganized his military forces, and 200,000 navies lined up in Kang Langshan. With the support of local people, Zhu Yuanzhang tied up a large number of fishing boats with reeds and right people, hid fuel and gunpowder, and attacked Chen Ying by the east wind. In a water battle that lasted for 35 days, Chen Youliang was shot in the head by a flowing arrow. This battle laid a solid foundation for Zhu Yuanzhang to change the situation, unify the whole country and establish the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Yuanzhang expressed deep gratitude to the people of Kanglangshan for their support and help. When he left the village, he said to his fellow villagers: If I, Zhu Yuanzhang, win the world, come to me if there is anything, just say that I am an old cousin from Jiangxi, and I will repay your kindness.
1368, Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne in Yingtianfu (Nanjing), surrounded by thousands of people, and sat on the throne of the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. These years have coincided with floods and droughts in Jiangxi, and the people are struggling with hunger and cold. Corrupt officials in local governments have to collect land taxes and people's wealth, and the people are miserable. At this time, someone suddenly remembered what Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang had said when he left the village. Maybe he can really open his heart, so the village chose three courageous and knowledgeable people to look for him.
Three villagers walked hand in hand, worked hard day and night, and finally came to Nanjing. When the countryman arrived in Beijing, he knew that the palace compound was guarded by someone, pleading left and kowtowing right, and giving gifts into his pocket, but he never saw the emperor. In desperation, they had to risk their lives to knock on the bell and drum in front of the palace. The bell and drum alarmed the emperor. He asked, "Who dares to drive?" The eunuch only responded: "There are three Jiangxi people, saying that they are old cousins of the Holy Family, and they have been taking a ride." Hearing this, Zhu Yuanzhang suddenly remembered the scene when Kang Langshan was down and out. He waved his hand and said, "The door in the sky is about to open, and he is greeted with a big gift. Zhu Yuanzhang met this "cousin" from Jiangxi before, asked why, comforted each other politely, treated each other with good wine, and immediately ordered to pull out a lot of money, grain and grass to help the victims in Jiangxi, while Kang Langshan was always exempt from paying grain tax, and sent a message to the states, states and counties.
Since then, "Jiangxi Old Dining Table" has spread all over the country.
[Edit this paragraph] Story: My cousin is famous for his enthusiasm.
Marshal Chen Yi, who is well-known at home and abroad, once insisted on guerrilla warfare in the border region of Jiangxi and Guangdong, and also forged an unforgettable and profound friendship with his cousin in southern Jiangxi through thick and thin. After the national victory, Chen Yi became a marshal and deputy prime minister. Zhu Zanzhen, a guerrilla who slept with him in the mountainous areas of Jiangxi and Guangdong, went to Beijing to visit Teacher Chen. The identity of the unknown caller will not be notified. Zhu Zan was really stubborn. He shouted angrily, "How dare you! Just say that I am Zhu Laobiao of Xinfeng! " Hearing this, Chen Yi hurriedly told his secretary to send someone to pick him up. When they met, Zhu Zanzhen's eyes filled with tears, and he raised his hand and punched Chen Yi. He said to his relatives, "I thought you forgot that we are old-timers!" " Chen Yi put his arm around his shoulder and said, "Don't forget each other if you have money. Cousin, do you think I am Chen Yi? Cousin Gannan and Chen Yi are like brothers, and I am grateful to my parents. How dare I forget! " In the early 1960s, Liu Junxiu, then deputy secretary of Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, went to Beijing to report his work. Premier Zhou introduced to Chairman Mao: "This is Jiangxi's cousin Liu Junxiu." Mao Zedong ha ha smiled and said, "a sight for sore eyes! Oh, Jiangxi's cousin is famous. "
Jiangxi people like to call themselves "old cousins", and foreigners also use "old cousins" to express their affection and welcome to Jiangxi people. Therefore, Jiangxi people are born with a subconscious attachment to their cousins, especially in respect for uncles, which is unmatched by outsiders.
In fact, as early as the early days of matriarchal clan system and paternal clan system in primitive society, there were natural rights and obligations between uncle and nephew because of the confusion of gender relations. My uncle, as the closest male elder of my niece, bears the responsibility of raising and educating the next generation together with my sister. When I get old, my niece will support me, my position (chief, priest, etc. ) and my personal property will be inherited by my niece. In many places, there is still a saying that "the thunder Lord is in heaven and the uncle is underground", which is a remnant of the matriarchal clan system, but there are many ceremonies in Jiangxi that retain this tradition of "respecting uncle".
Take Ganzhou wedding as an example. My nephew is married and my uncle is the guest of honor. On the wedding day, my uncle will hang a wooden plaque (now replaced by a glass mirror) in a conspicuous place in the hall, and write the nephew's name and auspicious words. When hanging up, my uncle still needs to keep saying good wishes. This ceremony is called registration card.
Also, Hakka people have the custom of sending their daughters away when they marry them. Among married people, the most important thing is to marry my uncle, that is, the bride's younger brother (usually the youngest brother), which is an essential person. If you have no younger brother, please go with your closest cousin. The task of sending a married uncle is to give my sister a money bag (formerly a money box). Before marriage, the bride should cry to her parents, relatives and friends, and the money from crying will be put in this money bag. According to Hakka regulations, the bride is not allowed to go out with her family's money when she gets married, so she can only let her brother take the purse. My uncle is a guest among guests and a VIP among VIPs. The groom should show special respect and enthusiasm to him and dare not neglect him. Seeing my uncle off will not enter the man's house at the same time as my sister. After the bride and groom worship heaven and earth, the groom's family will go out to meet him and give him a big red envelope at the same time. Some people are naughty or want to get more red envelopes, so they always wander outside for a long time. When the groom's family sees my married uncle coming in, they will immediately serve him a bowl full of dishes. In addition, if the groom wants to get the money bag, he has to wrap several red envelopes. When giving a banquet, the man's family should have the etiquette of sitting in the right place. There is no doubt that wedding uncles, regardless of their age, should sit at the banquet. An Xi can also play the flute and set off firecrackers, and some of his wedding uncles will hide at this time. After the groom looks around and finds it, he will be seated after wrapping the red envelope. When the bridal chamber is in trouble, my uncle usually accompanies my sister. After the rioters in the bridal chamber disperse in the dead of night, some married uncles, especially young ones, will stay there and refuse to leave, saying that they want to sleep with their sisters. At this time, the groom will make great efforts to lure his uncle away with a red envelope, both hard and soft. At this time, the groom and the man's family must endure no matter how impatient they are. It fully shows that Jiangxi people dare not be vague about their uncle.
Moreover, whenever there is a banquet, every table of the Eight Immortals must be seated as long as there is an uncle present. This kind of cousin relationship is recognized by the whole society.
Jiangxi people really like the lovely name "cousin", warmly welcome guests from all over the country and act as the "cousin" role of the people of the whole country!
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[Edit this paragraph] Dictionary definition:
Cousin.
(2) "Fang" is a polite address for men and strangers of similar age.
Supplement: Yunnan local address, which means that the person who addresses is rustic and derogatory, is also used as a friendly address between friends.
(3) "Old Cousin" also contains derogatory meanings.
Today, the word "Lao Biao" still has some derogatory meanings in some places in Jiangxi Province. In Jiangxi province, fewer and fewer people use this word, and it is rarely used in cities. However, in some towns and villages below, this word is still used frequently, because it also contains the meaning of "farmer" and "very rustic". So up to now, this word has a new meaning, but it has become a derogatory term. But many people from other provinces don't know the meaning of derogatory terms, but people from our province do. So sometimes outsiders call Jiangxi cousin, and Jiangxi people may not be happy, but they will feel very enthusiastic!