The northern region refers to the area north of the Yangtze River basin in the Song Dynasty. Generally speaking, the faces of the Song tombs in northern China are the same, and there are several types of tombs, such as stone tombs, soil cave tomb tombs, brick tombs and earthen pit tombs.
1, stone tomb A tomb built of stone is called a stone tomb. In the Song Dynasty, the official banned the use of stone tombs. Because the northern region is located in the political and cultural center, the construction of tombs can generally abide by the etiquette stipulated by the court. So far, there are not many stone tombs found in the northern region.
2. soil cave tomb and Pit Tomb
The most striking feature of soil cave tomb is the boot-shaped soil cave tomb (its cross section is like a boot). In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the tomb owners who used soil cave tomb were junior officials, wealthy businessmen in cities and towns, rural gentry and so on. Their status is not low. After entering the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, people with a little status and status stopped using soil cave tomb after their death, and instead built brick tombs, which gradually developed into wood-like buildings and beautifully decorated brick murals.
3, imitation wood brick mural tomb
This kind of tomb first appeared in the late Tang Dynasty and became popular after the mid-Northern Song Dynasty. The Jin Dynasty reached its peak, the Yuan Dynasty began to simplify, and after entering the Ming Dynasty, it decreased sharply until it disappeared. In the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, the large tombs in Pin Guan no longer used the decoration of imitation wood buildings, but gradually became simple, and the tomb walls became unpretentious, while wealthy civilians began to use imitation wood buildings to carve brick murals.
4. Pit tomb
The tomb of Lou Zeyuan, a pit tomb in the Song Dynasty, is very eye-catching. The so-called "leaking Yuan Ze" means that the government of the Northern Song Dynasty raised funds to bury the poor, soldiers who died in other places and public cemeteries with no owner's bones. These tombs generally have two forms: cremation and burial.
Graves in southern China.
1. The lower reaches of the Yangtze River was the most economically developed area in China in the Song Dynasty.
The information of Song tombs in this area is very rich, which can be roughly divided into the following forms:
(1) rectangular vertical hole pit tomb. This form should be the most common, all over the country, and all parts of the south are no exception.
(2) Rectangular brick houses are covered with coupons. Among them, it can be divided into single rooms and parallel double rooms.
(3) Brick-framed stone tombs or mixed masonry tombs. This is the most popular tomb form in this area, and it can also be divided into many types, including single rooms, parallel double rooms and even three rooms.
(4) stone tombs. The number is small, mostly distributed in mountainous areas.
(5) The grave is poured with concrete. This is a new type of tomb in this area in Song Dynasty, which had a great influence on the tombs in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Extended data:
Eight Song Dynasty tombs have been found in Heshui, all of which are square tombs with octagonal stacked caisson bricks, including six in Gucheng Town, Taibai Town 1 and ban qiao 1. 1984 10, a surveying and mapping working group composed of graduate student Qin Dashu of Peking University Archaeology Department, undergraduate students Tian Kai, Jing, Adan of Qingyang District Museum and Kou of Heshui County Cultural Center conducted a one-month investigation, rubbings and photos of three ancient tombs in Dongjiasi. After surveying and mapping, it is suggested that the two Song tombs should be protected at different levels. These tombs fully embody the perfect combination of tombs and brick carving art in Song Dynasty.
References:
Tombs in Song Dynasty-Baidu Encyclopedia