1, foreign body in nasal cavity: children like to pick their noses with their hands or stuff foreign bodies into their nostrils, which may easily lead to nasal mucosa rupture and bleeding.
2, external influence: children are more lively, the nose is very fragile. When you play, you will have a nosebleed if you accidentally bump or squeeze.
3, irregular work and rest: Some children are prone to nosebleeds because of irregular work and rest, and their biological clocks are disordered, leading to physical weakness.
4, dry rhinitis: nasal secretions are reduced, children dig their nostrils because of nasal itching, causing a small amount of bleeding, which will also lead to mucosal ulceration and scabbing and bleeding in the anterior lower area of the nasal septum.
5, allergic rhinitis: the weather is dry in autumn and winter, or the baby with allergic pollen in spring, because the nasal cavity is sensitive and itchy, often pinching and squeezing the nose, causing mucosal damage and bleeding.
6, vitamin deficiency: children picky eaters, partial eclipse and other bad eating habits lead to long-term lack of vitamin C and vitamin K in the body, which will cause nosebleeds.
7. Hematological diseases: such as leukemia, hemophilia and aplastic anemia, nosebleeds are often the first symptoms. If the child has recurrent nosebleeds, parents are advised to take their children for routine blood tests as soon as possible.
8. Drug action: Some drug components have an effect on blood coagulation function, leading to nosebleeds during medication.
What are the symptoms of children's nosebleed?
1, bleeding in front of nasal cavity
Most of them are caused by nose digging, and the vascular plexus in the front of the nasal cavity is damaged, which is also a common bleeding site for children. The manifestations are: less bleeding, short duration and easy hemostasis.
2. Upper and middle nasal bleeding
Traumatic collision causes epistaxis, such as anterior ethmoidal artery fracture bleeding, and even leads to hemorrhagic shock. The manifestations are: large amount of bleeding and difficulty in stopping bleeding.
3. Diffuse bleeding of nasal mucosa
Generally caused by blood diseases, children who lack vitamins and are malnourished are also more common.
How to deal with the child's nosebleed?
1, keep calm: Parents should first keep calm, don't panic, let their children sit up straight, lean their heads forward slightly, and spit out nosebleeds from the inflow port, so as not to irritate the stomach and cause vomiting.
2. Squeezing method: Parents can squeeze with their thumbs, and squeeze the nose 10~ 15 minutes to stop mild bleeding.
3, cold compress method: wipe the back neck and forehead with a cold towel, or massage the bridge of the nose with a paper towel dipped in cold water to slow down blood flow and accelerate platelet coagulation.
4, dressing method: for a large amount of bleeding, it is impossible to judge the bleeding site. The anterior nasal cavity can be filled with gauze or hemostatic sponge, and it is necessary to observe whether the pharynx is bleeding, and the filling time should not be too long.
Common nursing misunderstandings in children with epistaxis.
1, habitually upward
Many people habitually look up when they encounter nosebleeds. In fact, this practice is not scientific. Looking up easily allows blood to flow into the pharynx through the nasal cavity. When the blood volume is too large and urgent, it is easy to enter the lungs, causing bronchitis or pneumonia, and even breathing difficulties. Therefore, you can't lie on your back or lean back when you have a nosebleed. You should let your child sit in a sitting position with his head slightly lowered.
2, emotional impatience
If you find a nosebleed, you must calm your child's mood. Parents must not be too nervous, otherwise the child will be impatient, leading to high blood pressure and excessive blood loss.
How to prevent epistaxis in children
1, reduce fire: give children more fruits and vegetables, eat more foods rich in vitamins, eat more crude fiber, drink more water, enrich recipes, and arrange the diet rules reasonably.
2, regular work and rest time: enhance physical fitness, regulate their own immunity.
3, avoid trauma: try to avoid strenuous exercise or impact, to avoid bleeding caused by vasodilation of nasal mucosa.
4. Develop good habits: don't pick your nostrils when your nose itches, causing artificial damage and bleeding to the nasal mucosa.
5, adjust the indoor humidity: dry in autumn and winter, you can place humidifiers or green plants in the house. Spraying cold water is also a relatively simple method. If the nose is uncomfortable due to dryness, you can gently wipe it with a cotton swab dipped in warm water, or you can smoke your nose with steam, but be careful to avoid burns.
6, lubrication: if the nose often bleeds due to dryness, you can apply chlortetracycline eye ointment or paraffin oil, glycerin and so on. Increase wettability in nasal cavity every day.
7. Prevention of respiratory diseases: children's colds, tonsillitis, bronchitis, mumps, etc. It may cause swelling of nasal mucosa blood vessels and cause capillary rupture and bleeding, so the child must go to the hospital as soon as possible when he is sick.
8. If necessary, you can take appropriate treatments such as vitamin C, vitamin A and vitamin B2.
9, the child nosebleeds for no reason, must go to the hospital for examination.