2 Overview Padi Volvariella volvacea (Volvariella volvacea) is the fruiting body of the fungus Volvariella volvacea, belonging to basidiomycetes, Agaricus, Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus. It was first cultivated in China with a history of more than 200 years. Volvariella volvacea has the characteristics of crisp and tender meat, delicious taste and rich fragrance, and is known as "putting one slice and fragrant one pot". Shortly after the straw mushroom came out, it began to pay tribute to the royal family as royal food. It is said that Empress Dowager Cixi "likes it very much". China's Volvariella volvacea exports a lot, so it is called "China Mushroom" internationally.
When the straw mushroom is young, it looks like a bird's egg, with a slightly dark brown top and a downward fading color. At this time, the lid and stalk are covered with a film. With the growth and development, the top membrane breaks, exposing the stipe and volvox. The mushroom cap is umbrella-shaped at first, and it is round when it is fully unfolded. Volvariella is fleshy, light brown, and has no rings.
This small mushroom breeds in wet straw and can be bought fresh, canned or dehydrated. Volvariella volvacea industry may have a long history in Guangdong, and it is one of the main materials in vegetarian food and steamed or fried chicken.
3 Aliases of Volvariella volvacea: Volvariella volvacea, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus eryngii, Orchid Mushroom, Delicious Volvariella volvacea, China Mushroom, South China Mushroom, Palace Mushroom and Domestic Mushroom.
The source of Volvariella volvacea 4. 1 in China Materia Medica was first published in Xinhua Compendium of Materia Medica. Guangdong Tongzhi: South China mushroom, which is called mushroom by southerners, is produced in Nanhua Temple in Caoxi. It is also a kind of mushroom, and its taste is no less than that of northern mushrooms. "Ningde County Records": The urn kiln in the north of the city is rotten, and the rain is long, such as the stars spitting, and farmers gather in the city.
4.2 pinyin name c m 4 o g
4.3 Alias of Volvariella volvacea: Volvariella volvacea, Lentinus edodes, Agrocybe aegerita, Agrocybe aegerita, Domesticated Mushroom, South China Mushroom, Volvariella volvacea, Delicious Bud and Foot Mushroom.
4.4 Source: the fruiting body of Volvariella volvacea, a fungus belonging to the family Pholiota.
Latin animal and plant mineral name: voluariella Volvariella Volvariella (Bull. Former France. ) sing. [Volvariella volvacea (bull. )quel。 ; Mushroom bull. ]
Harvest and storage: when the egg-shaped mushroom cover is exposed, it can be harvested before the mushroom cover breaks, cut in half, and dried or dried for later use.
4.5 The cap width of the prototype is 5 19cm. Nearly bell-shaped; After stretching, the middle part is slightly convex, the surface is dry, gray to grayish brown, and the middle part is dark with radial stripes. Mushroom meat is white, soft and slightly thick in the middle. The fungus folds white and then turns pink, slightly dense and wide; Out of life, not equal in length. The stalk is nearly cylindrical, 5 18cm long and 0.8 1.5cm thick, white or light yellow, smooth and firm. Volvariella is large, bract-like, thick, dirty white to grayish black. Spores are pink. Spores are smooth, oval, (68.4) μ m× (45.6) μ m ... The fringed sacs are rod-shaped with sharp tips or near the tail tips, (95 100) μ m× (1635) μ m. ..
4.6 Habitat distribution ecological environment: Born on hay piles such as straw. Most of them are artificially cultivated in summer and autumn.
Distribution of resources: Fujian, Taiwan Province, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet and other places.
4.7 cultivation 1. Biological characteristics Volvariella volvacea is a high-temperature saprophytic fungus, its growth and culture temperature range is 65438 0044℃, and the relative temperature requirement is 80% 95%. It belongs to aerobic fungi, and the optimum pH value is PH67.5.
2. There are many kinds of cultivation materials, among which cottonseed hull has the highest yield, rice straw has high yield and good quality, followed by bagasse. Auxiliary materials include dried cow dung, rice bran, wheat bran and lime. Volvariella volvacea can be cultivated indoors and outdoors. Outdoor cultivation: when the outdoor temperature is stable above 22℃, you can make the bed, with a width of 1mm, a height of 25cm and rows of 60cm on both sides. Turn the soil on the bed, add 5% dry cow dung, mix well and compact, and then prepare straw. Heat the straw with 1% limewater, twist it into a ∞-shaped handle, spread a layer of straw on the bed with a thickness of 35cm, spread the first layer of grass on it, spread a circle of strains at the edge of the grass about 1.52cm, with a width of 3cm, without spreading strains in the middle, then spread the second layer of straw, and spread one circle on each layer. A layer of compacted straw with a height of 20 cm is stacked on it, which is called "Keelung Grass". Step on the pile tightly and spray water on the surface. After piling, keep the pile temperature and adjust the temperature. After 23 days of planting, the heap temperature reached 5060℃, and after 56 days, the heap temperature rose to 3040℃, and the mushrooms began to grow. At this time, the reactor temperature will be controlled at 70% to 90%, and the relative air temperature will be 85% to 95%. Spraying insect repellent in the soil around the cultivation boundary. Indoor cultivation: under the conditions of artificial control of temperature, humidity, nutrition, ventilation and light, outdoor unfavorable natural factors such as typhoon and rainstorm can be avoided, and it can be cultivated all year round. Grass piling and cultivation methods are the same as outdoor basic group.
4.8 Character identification: Most fruiting bodies have been longitudinally cut into two petals, and when fully unfolded, they have a bell-shaped cap or a slightly convex middle part, with a diameter of 5 19cm, gray or gray-black, dark cilia and radiation stripes. The middle part of mushroom meat is thick and soft, yellow and white. Fungal folds are dense and wide, varying in length, white or pink. The stalk is nearly cylindrical, with a length of 5 18cm and a diameter of 0.8 1.5cm, yellow-white or light yellow, and the inside is solid. Volvariella is big and thick, cup-shaped, dirty white, with yellow and black upper edge. The smell is fragrant and the taste is unique.
4.9 Chemical components: volvulvotoxin, vulpinicacid, vitamin) C, polysaccharide, ergosterol, γ ergosterol, provitamin) D2, D4, 24β methyl cholesterol 5,7 diene 3β alcohol (24β methyl cholesterol 5,7 diene 3β alcohol), 24β methyl cholesterol 7 ene 3β alcohol (24β methyl cholesterol 7 ene 3β alcohol).
4. 10 pharmacological action 1. Mushroom toxin and mycolic acid contained in this product have antibacterial effects on Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella acidophilus.
2. It contains a lot of vitamin C, which can increase the body's resistance to infectious diseases and prevent scurvy.
3. The fruiting body of Volvariella volvacea contains Pleurotus ostreatus toxin, which can swell ascites cancer cells in mice and inhibit their breathing. Kishida reported the relationship between the chemical structure of Volvariella volvacea polysaccharide and its anticancer effect.
4. 1 1 is sweet; Sexual apathy
4. 12 function is mainly used for clearing away heat and relieving summer heat; Tonifying qi and blood; Lower blood pressure. Main heat and thirst; Weak body; Dizziness and fatigue; hypertension
4. Administration and dosage of13 Volvariella volvacea: decoction, 9 15g, fresh 3090g；; Or as a food uniform.
4. 14 Various factions discuss the compendium of Xinhua Materia Medica: whole grass: sweet in taste and cold in nature. Has the effects of clearing away heat, relieving summer heat, invigorating qi and resisting cancer.
The consumption of straw mushroom per meal is about 50 grams. This small mushroom breeds in wet straw and can be bought fresh, canned or dehydrated. Volvariella volvacea industry may have a long history in Guangdong, and it is one of the main materials in vegetarian food and steamed or fried chicken.
6 The nutritional value of Volvariella volvacea is 1. Volvariella volvacea has high vitamin C content, which can promote human metabolism, improve immunity and enhance disease resistance.
2. It also has detoxification function. For example, after lead, arsenic and benzene enter the human body, they can combine with them to form anti-bad blood cells, which are excreted with urine.
3. The content of 8 essential amino acids in Volvariella volvacea protein is relatively high, accounting for 38.2% of the total amino acids.
4. Volvariella volvacea also contains a heterogeneous protein substance, which can kill human cancer cells. The crude protein content is higher than that of Lentinus edodes, and other nutrients are similar to those of woody edible fungi. It also has the function of inhibiting the growth of cancer cells, especially for the adjuvant treatment of digestive tract tumors, and can enhance the vitality of liver and kidney.
5. It can slow down the body's absorption of carbohydrates and is a good food for diabetics.
7 Buy Volvariella volvacea 1. Quality requirements of Volvariella volvacea: whether it is canned or dried, it is better to have a thick and uniform mushroom body, tender quality, unopened mushroom umbrella or small quality. Dry products should also be dry, light yellow and bright, without mildew and impurities;
2. Volvariella volvacea is mostly eaten as fresh food, which is cheap, can be bought everywhere and does not need to be soaked for a long time. However, Volvariella volvacea, like other green leafy vegetables, is often sprayed with family medicine during the growth process, especially in the process of artificial cultivation. Therefore, we should find ways to remove the residual poison, or soak it for a long time, or soak it in edible alkaline water.
Volvariella volvacea is suitable for the general population and is a good food for diabetics.
9 therapeutic effect of straw mushroom Chinese medicine believes that straw mushroom is cold, sweet, slightly salty and non-toxic.
Volvariella volvacea can also help digestion, dispel summer heat, strengthen spleen and qi, clear away heat and relieve summer heat, nourish yin and strengthen yang, increase milk, prevent scurvy, promote wound healing, protect liver and strengthen stomach, and enhance human immunity. It is an excellent nutritional and health food for both medicine and food.
10 Suggestions on Volvariella volvacea 1. Volvariella volvacea can be fried, fried, stewed, roasted, fermented and steamed. It can also be used as an ingredient in soup or various meat dishes;
2. Suitable for making soup or stir-frying, not suitable for soaking fresh or dried products for too long.
Day lily, a formula using straw mushroom.