Hospitals are public places with a high concentration of people. Once a fire breaks out, there will be serious consequences. Therefore, it is very important to prevent hospital fires. Below are the hospital fire prevention measures and treatment methods I compiled. You are welcome to read, share and learn from them. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.
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What are the causes of fires? Characteristics of fires in hospitals
1. Hospital fires cause huge losses
Once a fire occurs in a hospital, Fires can easily cause falls, tramples, burns and even death, which may threaten and endanger people's lives and safety. The functions of modern hospitals are gradually developing from single to diversified. They are no longer simply about seeing and treating diseases. Many comprehensive hospitals integrate outpatient, inpatient, clinical, teaching, and experimental services. In order to meet functional needs, the number of valuable medical equipment in hospitals continues to increase. Once a fire occurs, the loss of these valuable equipment is inevitable.
2. Fire fighting is difficult
The hospital has a large number of patients for a long time, and they are vulnerable groups. Once a fire breaks out, it will be difficult for these patients with limited mobility to escape, especially those with bone injuries. Some patients were even lying on stretchers, which made it more difficult to rescue them. The main part of the hospital building includes outpatient departments, inpatient departments, operating rooms, etc., and the auxiliary treatment part includes medical technology departments such as radiation, physiotherapy, pathology, and biochemical testing. Most of the buildings are connected together, making it more difficult to put out a fire in the event of a fire.
3. Fire safety management is difficult
Fire safety involves all aspects of hospital affairs, including not only the maintenance and inspection of fire protection facilities, but also the drill of fire fighting skills and the development of fire emergency plans. formulation, etc., some measures and methods may also conflict with other management aspects. Such as the opening and closing of fire escapes. In order to prevent theft, many hospitals often lock the fire escapes. Although this is beneficial to property safety management, it is extremely unreasonable from the perspective of fire safety. Preventive measures for daily fires in hospitals
1. Fire prevention inspections
Key fire safety units should conduct daily fire prevention inspections and determine the personnel, content, locations and frequency of inspections. Fire prevention inspection personnel should correct violations in a timely manner and properly handle fire risks. If they cannot deal with it on the spot, they should report it immediately. If they find an initial fire, they should immediately call the police and put out the fire in a timely manner.
2. Fire prevention inspection
Agencies, groups, and public institutions shall conduct fire prevention inspections at least once a quarter, and other units shall conduct fire prevention inspections at least once a month. The inspection record shall be filled in during the fire prevention inspection, and the inspector and the person in charge of the inspected department shall sign on the inspection record.
3. Contents of fire prevention inspections before and after work for employees
Every employee in each department must develop the habit of conducting fire prevention inspections in the department area before and after work every day. Good habits. Key inspections include: whether there are any violations in the use of fire and electricity, whether safety exits and evacuation passages are smooth and locked, whether fire-fighting equipment and fire safety signs are intact, whether there are any fires left on site, etc. How to deal with a fire in a hospital
1. Call the police correctly to prevent chaos
When the fire develops slowly, the leaders and staff of the hospital where the fire broke out should first notify the people near the exit or Evacuate the people in the most unfavorable areas first, and then publicly notify other people to evacuate based on the situation. When the fire is severe and evacuation conditions are relatively good, a public announcement can be made at the same time to allow all personnel to evacuate. The specific method of notification at the fire scene can be determined according to the specific conditions of the fire scene, but it must be fast and simple so that various evacuation channels can be fully utilized in a timely manner to prevent chaos.
2. Correct guidance and stable emotions
During a fire, due to the psychological effect of people eager to escape, they may flock to exits with obvious signs. At this time, relevant staff must Try to guide evacuation, point out various evacuation routes for escapees, and at the same time shout in a calm tone to persuade everyone to eliminate panic and evacuate in an orderly manner.
3. Prevent escapees from re-entering the fire scene
Post-escape management must be strengthened for evacuated personnel. After the disaster-stricken people are out of danger, as the threat to their own lives decreases, they may become more worried about their property, the color of their loved ones who have not escaped from the danger area, and their lives. At this time, people who have escaped from the danger zone may return to the fire scene to rescue relatives who have not escaped. This may cause new dangers, cause evacuation chaos, and hinder rescuers and fire-fighting. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen management of personnel who have been evacuated to safe areas to prohibit them from taking dangerous actions. If necessary, security personnel should be deployed at key locations inside and outside the building.
Methods for rescuing people at fire scenes in hospitals
(1) For the elderly, weak, sick and disabled people with limited mobility, children, and people who are comatose due to fright, smoke, or fire, carry, hold, and carry them Capture them and rescue them. When you need to pass through the fireworks blockade area, you can cover the head, face and body of the rescuer and the rescuer with wet clothes, wet bedding, etc., and use a mist water cannon to protect them from being burned by fire or heat.
(2) The internal walkways, stairs, doors and other passages on the floor have been blocked by fireworks. When the trapped persons cannot escape, fire ladders, etc. should be used to reach the windows, balconies, and roofs where the trapped persons are located. etc., and then use fire ladders, elevated fire trucks, and life-saving bags. The trapped people were rescued using slow descent devices.
(3) When it is impossible to set up a fire ladder, you can use hook ladders, climb up the downpipe windows with bare hands, etc., and then use life-saving equipment to rescue people, or use a rope gun to shoot the rope to the trapped people Then let the trapped people use ropes to hoist fire-fighting equipment such as descenders, life ladders, life-saving bags, etc., and then let the trapped people use the equipment to save themselves.
(4) People trapped in windows, balconies, and roofs, especially those hanging outside the building, may risk jumping off the building under the threat of heavy smoke and fire. At this time, they should shout Or use big-character slogans to warn them to persevere and wait for rescue, and not to take risks. Peer 4 should make life-saving preparations on the ground, such as pulling out life-saving nets and life-saving mats, which can be replaced by sponge mats, Simmons mattresses, etc., just in case.
(5) When using fire escapes to rescue people trapped on the floor, be alert and stop them from swarming up to avoid accidents such as falling or climbing over the ladder. When the trapped persons evacuate from the floor to the ground along the fire ladder, they should tie a safety rope to their waist to protect them, or have firefighters lower them on their backs and escort them down the ladder.
(6) In addition to on-site first aid, the injured persons who were rescued should also receive timely rescue treatment
Common fire hazards in hospitals and their elimination measures
The hospital is a public place with dense buildings, concentrated personnel, and a large number of vulnerable groups (patients). There are many flammable and explosive materials. Once a fire breaks out, it will inevitably cause heavy property losses and casualties. Due to many reasons, serious fire accidents in hospitals have occurred from time to time in recent years. Therefore, it is crucial to strengthen inspections and fire safety management of hospital fire hazards. Some common fire hazards within hospitals mainly include:
Hidden hazard 1: The safety exits and evacuation channels are not smooth. During daily fire supervision and inspections, the author often found that some used medical equipment and other debris were stored in the evacuation corridors of the hospital's internal medicine and surgical buildings; extra beds for patients were placed on the evacuation corridors of the wards, and some beds directly blocked the corridors. indoor fire hydrant.
Hidden danger two: Pay attention to the explosive and ignore the flammable. The hospital's boiler room, supply room, hyperbaric oxygen chamber, central oxygen supply, canteen, radiology department and other departments are often included in the key departments of hospital fire management. In fact, flammable items in laundry rooms, clothing warehouses, medical record rooms, archives rooms, and libraries in each ward, ethanol, methanol, acetone, benzene, ether, and turpentine in operating rooms, pathology departments, laboratory departments, preparation rooms, and treatment rooms The management of flammable chemicals such as reagents is often overlooked.
Hidden danger three: increasing equipment and ignoring lines. At present, large-scale equipment in hospitals is increasing day by day. Fire hazards such as adjustments to departments, changes in original design uses, power overload, and untimely updating of old lines due to the increase in equipment often arise in endlessly.
Hidden danger four: Reliance on fire protection facilities and ignoring skills training. As the number of high-rise medical buildings in our country continues to increase, fire protection facilities are becoming increasingly modern and intelligent. However, when it comes to high-rise building fires, it is difficult to control the rapidly changing situation of the fire scene by relying only on remote control operations by a few professionals in the fire control center and limited firefighting equipment. Therefore, training every medical staff to master fire-fighting skills is the most fundamental, direct and effective way.
Hidden danger five: Smoking in no-smoking areas of hospitals and refusing to listen to dissuasion still occurs from time to time.
How to eliminate these fire hazards in time?
(1) Regularly inspect and test the integrity and performance of fire-fighting facilities and fire-fighting equipment, and clear safety exits and evacuation passages, Clean the utility room and carefully record any fire hazards found. Those that can be rectified on-site should be rectified on the spot; those that cannot be rectified on-site must be promptly reported to the fire department for rectification within a time limit to nip the fire hazard in the bud.
(2) Strengthen the management of flammable and explosive items in hospitals and focus on monitoring. Implement an inspection system for flammable and explosive items and take fire emergency response measures.
(3) Strengthen the safe management of electricity use in hospitals. If the department is adjusted due to the addition of equipment or the original design use is changed, an application should be made to the relevant department for safe electricity use. Indoor wires are arranged according to design requirements, and outdated lines are updated in a timely manner.
(4) Carry out fire prevention publicity, strengthen the popularization and training of fire protection knowledge, and expand the fire prevention group.
Strengthen fire protection knowledge training for hospital employees, temporary workers, cleaning staff and other various groups of people, conduct random inspections and assessments; regularly conduct emergency evacuation drills for employees to improve self-prevention and self-rescue capabilities; continuously revise and improve based on the actual situation of the unit and the drill situation emergency evacuation plan; and often invite fire department professionals to the hospital to give fire protection knowledge lectures, and at the same time carry out fire protection knowledge publicity and education extensively in wards to expand the social coverage of fire prevention, enhance fire prevention capabilities, enrich the firefighting team, and reduce fires as much as possible occurrence or minimize losses after a fire.
(5) Post "No Smoking" signs and set up smoking areas in the hospital's doors, emergency rooms, wards, stairwells and other places. First of all, we should encourage medical staff not to smoke and set up a smoking control supervisory team.
In addition, to do a good job in fire safety management in hospitals also requires the fire safety leaders and managers of the unit to continuously improve their theoretical literacy and practical level, and constantly improve various fire safety management systems. Only by truly doing Only when the system and measures are clear, the facilities and equipment are complete, and the management responsibilities are in place can the occurrence of fire accidents be effectively prevented and reduced.
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