Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is also called potato, potato and yam egg. (See the picture on the right, I planted it myself) It belongs to Solanaceae, a perennial herb, but it is cultivated once or twice a year. Underground tubers are round, oval and oval with bud eyes; The aboveground stems are triangular and hairy; Odd pinnate compound leaves, terminal corymb, white, red or purple; The seeds are oblate and yellow, mostly propagated by tubers. Tubers are edible and are important food and vegetable crops. Because of its rich nutrition, it is called "underground apple" and is one of the five major food crops in the world (the five major food crops refer to rice, wheat, corn, sorghum and potato). As a food crop, it is widely planted in many countries in Europe and America. This product is native to the Andes of Peru and the coastal areas of Chile in South America. /kloc-was introduced to Europe at the beginning of the 0/5th century, and then spread rapidly all over the world. /kloc-was introduced to China in the middle of the 6th century.

Potatoes are low in calories, 90 calories per100g, while the same amount of rice or flour reaches 350 calories. The carbohydrates it contains are easily assimilated by blood, which can resist hunger without hurting the stomach.

Potato has high yield and strong adaptability to the environment. The main potato producing areas in China are southwest mountainous area, northwest, Inner Mongolia and northeast. Among them, the southwest mountainous area has the largest planting area, accounting for about 1/3 of the national total area. Heilongjiang Province is the largest potato planting base in China.

When tuber is used for asexual propagation, seed potato can germinate and grow at soil temperature of 5 ~ 8℃, and the optimum temperature is 15 ~ 20℃. The suitable temperature for the growth and flowering of plant stems and leaves is 16 ~ 22℃. The optimum temperature for tuber formation at night is 10 ~ 13℃ (soil temperature is 16 ~ 18℃), and it forms slowly when it is higher than 20℃. When the temperature drops to -2℃, it will be frozen.

The flowering and potato-bearing period is the period with the largest water demand in the whole growth period. Under drought conditions, irrigation per mu 15 ~ 20 tons is the key technical measure to ensure high and stable yield of potatoes.

Generally speaking, under the condition of per mu yield 1330 ~ 1650 kg, potato absorbs about 6.65 ~1.65 kg of nitrogen, 2.8 ~ 3.3 kg of phosphoric acid and 9.3 ~ 15.3 kg of potassium oxide. Although potatoes can adapt to a variety of soils, loose black soil (pH 5.5 ~ 6.0) is the most ideal. The density should not be less than 4000 plants per mu.

Experts remind: You must peel potatoes.

Potatoes, sweet potatoes, taro and other potato foods are rich in nutrition. The contents of protein, vitamin C, vitamin B 1 and vitamin B2 are much higher than those of apples, and the contents of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium are also very high, especially the content of potassium, which can be said to be the first among vegetables. Potatoes contain a lot of high-quality cellulose, which can prevent constipation and cancer. So, how to eat potatoes to eat well?

First of all, we must ensure the quantity. Eating potato foods (potatoes, sweet potatoes and taro) should be about 80 grams per day. Secondly, the combination of meat and vegetables is good. As long as the combination is good, you can enjoy delicious food and achieve the goal of keeping slim. When eating potatoes, the intake of staple food should be reduced accordingly, which can be controlled according to the ratio of potatoes to staple food of 3 ∶ 1 ~ 4 ∶ 1. If you eat about 80 grams of potatoes every day, it may help reduce the risk of stroke.

For many mashed potatoes and chips in fast food, they are oxidized during processing, which destroys a lot of vitamin C and greatly reduces the nutritional components. For French fries, it is easy to increase the intake of fat, and it is difficult to judge whether the oil of French fries is fresh. In addition, repeated high-temperature heating will produce polymers, such as toxic cyclic monomers, which are carcinogens. Try to eat less.

Nutritionists point out that eating potatoes does not need to worry about excess fat, because it only contains 0. 1% fat, which is the least among all hungry foods. Eating more potatoes every day can reduce fat intake and gradually metabolize excess fat.

However, it is worth noting that potatoes, especially potatoes, contain a toxic substance called alkaloids, which can cause poisoning, nausea, diarrhea and other reactions when ingested in large quantities. This toxic compound is usually concentrated in the potato skin, so you must peel it when eating, especially when peeling the green skin. In addition, potatoes with buds are more toxic. When eating, you must dig out the buds and roots and soak them in clear water. Stewing should get angry.

In addition, if pregnant women often eat potatoes with high alkaloid content, accumulation in the body may lead to fetal malformation. Of course, there are considerable individual differences between people, and not everyone will be abnormal after eating potatoes. However, it is best for pregnant women not to eat or eat less potatoes, especially potatoes that have been stored and germinated for a long time, which is especially important for women in the early pregnancy.

Remarks: There is a well-known superstar in NBA, also called Potato. He is Weber, known as "Potato" in Spud Webb, and his height is1.70m.. What impressed him most was the dunk. Potato Webber is the champion of 1986 all-star dunk contest. At that time, he was only 1.70 meters and could win the championship. The result is a blockbuster!

In Chinese in Taiwan Province Province, "potato" actually means "peanut".