First, check whether the computer components are firmly inserted. First, please check whether the monitor cable is firmly inserted into the host interface, and then check whether the contact between the graphics card and the I/O slot of the motherboard is good. If necessary, please take out the video card and insert it again to ensure that it is in place and in good contact. Second, confirm whether the monitor is damaged. If the monitor and video card are firmly installed, please try another monitor that is known to be good. If the screen is no longer black, then the reason is that the monitor may be damaged. Third, confirm whether there is a problem with the fan. If the monitor is not damaged, please further check whether the CPU fan is running. When working, you can use a multimeter to measure whether the voltage outputs of 12V and 15V are normal. If it is not normal, please try another power supply. 4. If the CPU, graphics card and memory stick still have a black screen, you can remove all components except the CPU, graphics card and memory stick, and then turn it on. If there is something wrong with the memory, you should call the police. If it is not due to memory, please change to a normal CPU and restart. If there is still a black screen, you can only change a motherboard, and the problem should also appear on the motherboard. In addition to hardware reasons, there are three "soft" reasons that may cause "black screen". Software 1. The hardware acceleration setting is too high. Hardware acceleration can make the software dealing with a large number of graphics run more smoothly, but if the computer hardware acceleration setting is too high, it may lead to "black screen" phenomenon. In order to solve the "black screen" fault, please try to reduce the hardware acceleration first. 1. Click the Windows Start menu, click Control Panel, and then double-click Display. 2. Select the Troubleshooting tab, and under Hardware Acceleration, gradually drag the slider from "All" to a position close to "None". 3. Click the "OK" button. 2. Disable 3D acceleration or upgrade the graphics driver. If Windows is configured with 3D acceleration, but the graphics card does not support this function, there may be a "black screen" failure when running games or multimedia programs. 1. Click Start, click Run, and then type dxdiag in the open box and press Enter. 2. Select the "Display" tab, and click the "Test Direct 3D" button under "DirectX Function" to get the correct Direct 3D function. 3. If there is no rotating cube on the screen, the graphics card does not support 3D acceleration. At this point, please click the "Disable" button after "Direct 3D Acceleration" to disable this function. If your graphics card does not support 3D acceleration, in addition to disabling this function, you can also contact the graphics card manufacturer to update the driver to support 3D acceleration of DirectX. Third, the driver of the graphics card is not compatible with the graphics card. DirectX setup may incorrectly detect the graphics card and install drivers that cannot be driven normally. Please confirm whether the video card driver you are using is correct. 1. Click Start, click Control Panel, and then double-click System. 2. Select the Hardware tab, click the Device Manager button, then click the+sign before the Display Card or Display Adapter, right-click the display adapter under it, and then click the Properties button. 3. Select the Drivers tab, and then click the Driver Details button to display the video card drivers used. If the driver you are using is not compatible with your video card, click the Update Driver button in the Drivers tab, and then follow the instructions on the screen to install a new version of the driver for your video card. Interviewee: Anonymous1-3120: 531. Poor heat dissipation: monitor, power supply and CPU generate a lot of heat when working, so it is very important to keep good ventilation. If the monitor is overheated, it will lead to color and image distortion and even shorten the life of the monitor. Working too long will also lead to poor heat dissipation of power supply or monitor, leading to computer crash. The heat dissipation of CPU is an important issue related to the stability of computer operation, and it is also the "hardest hit" where heat dissipation failures occur. 2. Improper movement: When the computer is moving, the huge vibration will often loosen the internal devices of the machine, leading to poor contact and computer crash. Therefore, violent vibration should be avoided when moving the computer. Third, the dust killer: too much dust in the machine will also lead to a crash. If the floppy disk drive head or the laser head of the CD-ROM drive is contaminated with too much dust, it will lead to reading and writing errors, which will seriously cause the computer to crash. 4. Equipment mismatch: If the main frequency of the motherboard does not match the main frequency of the CPU, the external frequency will be set too high when the old motherboard overclocks, which may not guarantee the stability of operation, resulting in frequent crashes. 5. Incompatibility between software and hardware: 3D software and some special software may not be started or even installed normally on some microcomputers, and there may be problems with software and hardware compatibility. 6. Memory failure: mainly due to loose memory, virtual soldering or the quality problem of the memory stick itself. The contact fault of memory stick should be eliminated according to the specific situation. If there is a problem with the quality of the memory, the memory needs to be replaced to solve the problem. When I started the machine, I only heard a long beep. It's probably a memory problem. Try another slot. If it still doesn't work, the memory may be broken. Hard disk failure: Bad tracks and sectors are mainly caused by hard disk aging or improper use. This makes it easy for the machine to crash during operation. Special tools and software can be used for troubleshooting. If the damage is serious, only the hard disk can be replaced. In addition, for motherboards that do not support UDMA 66/ 100, we should pay attention to the setting of hard disk operation mode in CMOS. 8.CPU overclocking: overclocking improves the working frequency of CPU, and may also make its performance unstable. The reason is that CPU can access data in memory faster than memory and hard disk can exchange data. Overclocking makes this contradiction more prominent, exacerbates the situation that the required data cannot be found in memory or virtual memory, and will lead to "abnormal errors". The solution, of course, is also relatively simple, that is, let the CPU return to normal frequency. Overfrequency and fire, sometimes the display is not bright, sometimes it crashes after entering the system, and in serious cases it will burn out the CPU. 9. Hardware resource conflict: It is due to the setting conflict of sound card or video card, resulting in abnormal error. In addition, if other devices interrupt, DMA or port conflict, a few drivers may be abnormal, leading to crash. The solution is to start in "Safe Mode" and make appropriate adjustments in "Control Panel →→→→→→→ Equipment Management". If the driver has an abnormal error, you can modify the registry. Select "Run", type "Regedit", enter the registry editor, find and delete all the "primary keys" and "key values" related to the driver prefix string through the "find" function under the menu, and restart. X. Insufficient memory capacity: The larger the memory capacity, the better. No less than 0, Io.sys, Msdos.sys and other files with hard disk capacity. If these files are damaged or deleted by mistake, even if the hardware settings in CMOS are correct, it will not help. Solution: Use the startup disk of the same version of the operating system to start the computer, and then type "SYS C:" to retransmit the system files. 4. Initialization file is damaged: Because Windows 9X needs to read System.ini, Win.ini and registry files, if there are Config.sys and Autoexec.bat files, they will also be read. As long as these files have error information, they may crash, especially the four files of System.ini, Win.ini, User.dat and System.dat are particularly important. 5. Loss of DLL files: Another type of files is also very important in Windows operating system, that is, DLL files with extension. These files are essentially shared files, that is, a DLL file may need to be called by multiple softwares at runtime. If we delete an application, the anti-installation program of the software will record the files it has installed and prepare to delete them one by one. At this time, the deleted dynamic link library file is easy to be used by other software at the same time. If the missing link library file is an important core link file, the system will crash or even crash. We can use tools such as "Super Rabbit" to delete useless DLL files, which will avoid accidental deletion. 6. The hard disk has too little remaining space or too many fragments: if the hard disk has too little remaining space, some applications need a lot of memory to run, which requires virtual memory, which is provided by the hard disk, so the hard disk should have enough remaining space to meet the demand of virtual memory. At the same time, users should form a good habit of regularly sorting out hard disks and removing junk files on hard disks. 7.BIOS upgrade failed: You should back up the BIOS to prevent accidents, but if your system needs to upgrade the BIOS, you'd better make sure that the BIOS version you are using is consistent with your PC before upgrading. If the BIOS upgrade is incorrect or an unexpected power failure occurs during the upgrade, your system may not start. So be sure to find out the BIOS model before upgrading the BIOS. If the BIOS upgrade tool you are using can back up the current BIOS, please copy the previous BIOS on the disk. At the same time, see if the system supports BIOS recovery and know how to recover. 8. Improper software upgrade: Most people may think that there will be no problem with software upgrade. In fact, some shared components will be upgraded during the upgrade process, but other programs may not support the upgraded components, resulting in various problems. 9. Abuse of beta software: It is best to use beta software less, because test software usually has some bugs or is not stable enough in some aspects. After use, there will be program errors, crashes or the system can't start. 10. Illegal software uninstallation: Do not directly delete the directory where the software is installed. If you delete it directly, there will be a lot of garbage in the registry and Windows directory. Over time, the system will become unstable, leading to a crash. 1 1. Use pirated software: Because these software may contain viruses, once executed, it will automatically modify your system, causing the system to crash during operation. 12. Defects of application software: This kind of situation is common, such as running 16-bit application software running well under DOS or Windows 3. 1 in Win 98. Win 98 is 32-bit. Although it claims to be compatible, there are many places that cannot be coordinated with 16-bit applications. There are also some cases, such as peripheral drivers that are normally used under Win 95. When the operating system is upgraded, problems may occur, causing the system to crash or fail to start normally. In this case, you should find a new version of the peripheral driver. In addition, software bugs can also lead to crashes. Thirteen, too many startup programs: this makes the system resources exhausted, so that the data needed by individual programs can not be found in memory or virtual memory, and abnormal errors will occur. 14. Illegal operation: Opening or releasing related programs with illegal format or parameters will also lead to computer crash. Please remember the correct format and related parameters, and don't open and publish unfamiliar programs at will. 15. Abnormal shutdown: Do not directly use the power button in the chassis, otherwise the system files will be damaged or lost, resulting in automatic startup or crash at runtime. For Windows 98/2000/NT and other systems, this is very important, and if it is serious, it will lead to system crash. 16. Memory conflict: Sometimes all kinds of software are running normally, but suddenly they crash inexplicably. It is very normal to run these applications after restarting. This is a false collapse phenomenon. Most of the reason is the memory resource conflict of Win 98. As we all know, application software runs in memory, and memory space can be released after closing the application software. However, due to design reasons, some applications can't completely release memory even after they are closed. When the next software needs to use this memory address, a conflict will occur. 17. Hacking while surfing the Internet. Eighteen, the system registry information modification error, resulting in Windows system can't start. Nineteen, the machine runs too slowly, causing the illusion of a crash. In the process of using the computer, the crash is a common phenomenon, and it is also one of the computer failures that it is difficult to find the cause. Because it is impossible to diagnose with software or system tools in the "crash" state, it is more difficult to troubleshoot. For some novices, "collapse" is a headache. Below, the author will analyze the common crash failures for everyone and check the treatment methods. I hope it will be helpful for everyone to eliminate the crash problem in the future. Let the "crash" always accompany us! 1. Eliminate the "fake" system crash ① First, eliminate the "fake" system crash caused by power problems. Check whether the microcomputer power supply is plugged in, whether the power socket is in good contact, whether the power plug of the host, monitor, printer, scanner, external modem, speaker and other equipment that needs external power supply is reliably plugged into the power socket, and whether the power switch of the above components is in the ON position. (2) Check whether the connection of data line and control line between microcomputer components is correct and reliable, and whether there is looseness between plugs. In particular, the poor connection of the data line between the host and the monitor often leads to the false crash phenomenon of "black screen". 2. Eliminate the crash caused by virus and anti-virus. Boot the system with a non-toxic and clean system disk, and then run the latest versions of antivirus software such as KV3000, KILL, AV953 and SCAN to check the hard disk, so as to ensure the safety of the microcomputer and eliminate the crash caused by the virus. In addition, if the virus crashes after antivirus, it is mostly because the virus destroys system files, applications and key data files; Or the anti-virus software misused the normal file while clearing the virus, which destroyed the structure of the normal file. If this problem occurs, you can only reinstall the damaged system or software. 3. Handling methods of crashes at different times If the crash occurs during system startup, please refer to step 6; If the system crashes while the software is running after the system is started, please refer to step 5; If it is a "black screen" crash, please refer to step11; Other crashes, please continue to the next step. 4. Fault judgment of more and more frequent crashes If the crashes are from scratch and become more and more frequent, there are generally two reasons: improper use and maintenance, please refer to step 7; Poor quality or unstable performance of microcomputer components, refer to step 10. 5. Eliminate the crash caused by software installation and configuration problems ① If it crashes during software installation, it may be that some configuration of the system conflicts with the installed software. These configurations include system BIOS settings and configuration. SYS and AUTOEXEC. Bat settings, window. INI and system. INI settings, as well as some hardware drivers and memory resident programs. You can try to modify the above settings. You can read the default settings of BIOS, such as "Load Settings Default" and "Load BIOS Default"; Used for configuration. SYS and AUTOEXEC. BAT, you can press F5 to skip the system CONFIGuration file at startup, or press F8 to gradually select, execute and modify the configuration in config. SYS and AUTOEXEC. BAT one by one, especially the configuration of EMS and XMS in EMM386 to determine where there is conflict with the installation program. Some hardware drivers and memory resident programs can avoid conflicts by not loading them. (2) If the software crashes after installation, the installed program conflicts with the system. The general practice is to restore the configuration of the system before installation, and then analyze the resources used by the newly loaded part of the installation program and the possible conflicts, and gradually find out the cause of the failure; Deleting the new installer is also one of the ways to solve the conflict. (3) If the software crashes due to virus or antivirus, please refer to step 2. 6. Crash phenomenon at system startup There are two kinds of crashes at system startup: ① fatal crash, that is, the system self-check process is not completed, and the general system does not give a prompt; ② Non-fatal crash, during or after self-inspection, but the system gives prompt information such as voice and text. In the first case, according to the situation listed in the list of fatal errors during self-inspection, the cause of the failure can be further analyzed in combination with other methods, such as hardware installation (see step 8), system configuration (see step 9), quality of hardware equipment (see step 10), and blank display screen (see step 1 1). In the second case, according to the situation listed in the non-fatal error code table and the error code table corresponding to the whistle sound during self-inspection, we can focus on the inspection of the parts that may fail, but we can't ignore the inspection of related parts, because quite a few failures are not directly caused by the parts indicated by the prompt information, but often caused by the failures of related parts. Failure of some key system components (such as CPU, memory stick, cache, power supply, system backup battery, motherboard, bus, etc.). ) often in the form of various related or unrelated component failures, so the inspection of these components should also be considered. 7. Put an end to the crash caused by improper use and maintenance. After a period of use, microcomputers will crash due to improper use and maintenance, especially after they are not used for a long time. There are several reasons: ① Dust is the enemy of microcomputer. Too much dust adheres to the surface of CPU, chip and fan, which will lead to poor heat dissipation of these components; Dust on printed circuit boards often leads to short circuits in wet environments. Both of the above situations will lead to collapse. You can use a brush to sweep away the dust, or you can use a cotton swab dipped in anhydrous alcohol to clean the dust collecting element. Be careful not to leave the hair and cotton of brushes and cotton swabs on the circuit boards and components, which will become a new source of downtime. (2) If the microcomputer is not used for a long time when the parts are damp, some parts will be damp and cannot be used normally. Wet ingredients can be evenly "dried" by using the low heat block of the hair dryer. Be careful not to heat a part of the part for too long, otherwise the temperature will be too high to avoid baking the part. ③ The pins of the board and the chip are oxidized, resulting in poor contact. Pull out the circuit board and chip, gently wipe the surface of the pin with an eraser to remove the oxide, and then plug it into the socket again. (4) The interface between the board and the peripheral is loose, resulting in a crash. Carefully check whether the I/O slot is plugged in, whether the peripheral interface is in good contact, and whether the cable connection is normal. ⑤ Accidental damage such as thunder current enters the host through unprotected power supply and modem telephone line, which damages the power supply, motherboard, modem and various internal and external equipment. Whether there is accidental damage or not and what destructive consequences it has on the microcomputer can only be judged by testing the components of the host computer by exchange method and plug-in method. 8. Eliminate the crash caused by improper system configuration. System configuration is closely related to microcomputer hardware equipment, system BIOS and jumper switch settings on the motherboard. Common reasons for the crash include: ① improper setting of CPU main frequency, such as incorrect setting of CPU main frequency jumper switch, BIOS setting inconsistent with the actual situation due to re-polishing CPU, overclocking CPU, troubleshooting due to CPU overclocking, troubleshooting due to poor CPU performance, and troubleshooting due to incompatibility of CPU chip with motherboard and video card; ② improper setting of memory bar parameters, etc. The main faults include incorrect setting of memory bar and remarks that memory bar leads to BIOS setting inconsistent with the actual situation. Please refer to the following fault examples: "Memory bank speed mismatch leads to crash", "CMOS setting does not match the actual situation of memory bank", "Handling of GP error due to improper memory parameter setting" ③ Faults such as improper cache parameter setting mainly include cache setting error and BIOS setting does not match the actual situation due to re-polishing the cache. (4) CMOS parameters are destroyed. Due to the frequent modification of CMOS parameters or the destruction of CMOS parameters by viruses, CMOS parameters are often confused and difficult to recover. You can use the method of CMOS discharge and reset the CMOS parameters with the default settings of the system BIOS. For the discharge method of CMOS, please refer to the motherboard manual. After resetting CMOS parameters, the hard disk must also be disinfected. 9. Eliminate the crash caused by improper hardware installation. The negligence in the installation of hardware peripherals often leads to inexplicable crashes, and this phenomenon is often gradually revealed after the microcomputer is used for a period of time, so there is some confusion. ① Incorrect installation of parts, loose plug-ins and incorrect wiring often lead to display failure, such as "black screen"; Loose plugging and unplugging of memory chips, caches and slots often leads to program crash and even system failure. Contact problems between other boards and slots (sockets) often cause various crashes. To eliminate these faults, just press the corresponding board and chip tightly by hand, or pull it out of the slot (socket) and reinstall it. If there is a spare slot (socket), the component can also be installed in another slot (socket) to solve the contact problem. Incorrect cable connections sometimes lead to crashes. (2) Improper installation leads to deformation of parts and collision caused by damage. Screws with inaccurate caliber and inappropriate length often lead to the damage of component installation holes, and the short circuit caused by the contact between screws and internal circuits of components leads to the crash; Non-standard motherboards, components or non-standard installation steps will often cause the appearance variation of chassis, motherboards and boards, thus squeezing the internal components of components and causing local short circuit, damaging the internal components and causing inexplicable crashes. If it is only the appearance deformation of microcomputer components, it can be solved by correct installation methods and replacement of parts that meet the specifications; If the internal parts have been damaged, only new parts can be replaced. 10. Eliminating the crash caused by poor hardware quality Generally speaking, microcomputer products are produced by international manufacturers according to international standards, and the defective rate of components is very low. However, the temptation of high profits of computer products has led many unscrupulous manufacturers to change the standard components of computers, change the frequency, re-label, shoddy or even pretend to be genuine products, resulting in unstable performance of these "leapfrog" products, which are slightly uncomfortable in the environment or frequently fail when used for a long time, especially the core components such as CPU, memory stick, cache, motherboard and related products are of poor quality, leading to unexplained crashes. When checking, we should focus on the following components: ①CPU CPU is the most counterfeited component, and it is also a component that is very prone to crash. The re-polished CPU works well at low temperature and in a short time, but as long as it is used in a continuous high temperature environment for a long time, the disadvantages of its crash are easily exposed. Using Windows, 3DS and other software with high requirements for CPU characteristics can find CPU problems better than simple software such as DOS. Refer to the instruction manual and lower the CPU main frequency 1 by two steps, for example, lower 166MHz to 150MHz, 133MHz or 120MHz. If the crash phenomenon is greatly reduced or disappeared, it can be judged that there is something wrong with the CPU. You can also replace the normal CPU of the same model by exchange. If it stops crashing, it can generally be concluded that it is a CPU problem. Some users like overclocking CPU to get high-speed performance, which is also the reason that often leads to computer crash. Jumping the CPU back to its original frequency can solve the crash problem. 2 memory sticks Memory sticks are often done: change the speed scale, for example, 70ns is re-polished into 60ns；; Non-parity analog parity memory; Non-edo memory impersonates edo memory; Inferior memory chips pass off as good memory chips. Appropriately increase the reading and writing time of memory chips in BIOS (for example, from 60ns to 70ns). If the crash disappears, it can be concluded that it is the speed of the memory chip. If it is the quality problem of the memory itself, it can only be solved by replacing a new memory stick. ③CACHE cache also has the problem of poor quality. In addition, the damage of the cache itself also led to a serious crash. If the external cache is turned off in the system BIOS settings, if the crash disappears, it must be a cache problem. (4) Damage to CMOS chips CMOS chips are generally not easy to be damaged, but once there is physical damage, it will inevitably lead to a crash, in which the black screen cannot be started. Because CMOS chip has been integrated into the chipset of VLSI, it is often necessary to replace CMOS chip and motherboard together. ⑤ Motherboard failure is often the first consideration, but it can't be determined until the end. In addition to the obvious phenomena such as broken flying wire on the printed board, burnt components on the motherboard, extrusion deformation of the motherboard, short circuit between the motherboard and the chassis, etc., the failure of the motherboard itself can only be judged if all components on the motherboard are confirmed to be normal (your board, CPU, memory chips and other accessories can be used normally when you get them on the good motherboard, and others can't work normally when you plug them into your motherboard with normal boards and equipment). If the replacement of the same model motherboard still crashes, it may be that the motherboard is incompatible with a component. Either replace other compatible motherboards, or test each board and chip in turn by plug-in method to find out the incompatible parts and replace them. ⑥ Inferior power supply such as power supply, fan and chassis, power cord failure, loose power plug-in and unstable power supply voltage are the chief culprits leading to unexplained crashes. Abnormal rotation of CPU fan and power supply fan and insufficient fan power will cause poor heat dissipation of CPU and "big heat producer" parts in the chassis, which will lead to a crash. 1 1. Troubleshooting of system black screen failure A large part of the system crash failure is black screen (that is, the monitor screen is not displayed), which is closely related to the monitor and graphics card. The failure of the system motherboard, CPU, cache, memory stick, power supply and other components will also lead to black screen. The general inspection methods of the system black screen crash fault are as follows: ① Eliminate the "fake" black screen, check whether the power plug of the monitor is plugged in, whether the power switch is turned on, whether the data connection between the monitor and the graphics card on the host computer is good, and whether the connecting plug is loose, so as to see whether the black screen is caused by these factors. In addition, move the mouse or press the keyboard to see if the screen is back to normal. Because the black screen may also be a false crash caused by setting the energy-saving mode (which can be viewed and modified in the BIOS settings). (2) whether other parts of the system work normally when the screen is blank, such as whether the self-check of the soft/hard disk drive passes when the computer is turned on, whether the keyboard keys react, etc. A good monitor can be connected to the host computer for testing by switching. If only the monitor is black and the other parts are normal, it is just a problem with the monitor or a fake crash. ③ A black screen appears during the system POST, please refer to step 6. ④ A black screen appears when installing the display driver or setting the display mode. Obviously, the mode that the display system can't support has been selected, and a more basic display mode should be selected. For example, after setting the display mode under Windows, the screen will appear black or white, so you should run the SETUP.EXE program under Windows directory under DOS and choose the standard VGA display mode. ⑤ Check whether the contact between the graphics card and the I/O slot of the motherboard is normal and reliable. If necessary, try inserting the video card into another I/O slot. ⑥ Replace a graphics card of the same model with good performance, insert it into the host and restart. If the phenomenon of black screen crash is eliminated, it is the problem of the graphics card. ⑦ Insert another video card with good performance into the host and restart it. If the black screen crash is eliminated and the graphics card is incompatible with the motherboard, you can consider replacing the graphics card or motherboard. ⑧ Check whether the core components of the system are set incorrectly, such as the frequency of CPU, the reading and writing time of memory, the refresh mode of cache, the bus speed of motherboard, etc. , which may cause the black screen to crash. Pet-name ruby check whether the connection of the internal components of the host is correct, there are some special connection errors that will lead to a black screen crash.