Skill 1: Metaphor Translation
1, simile. Translation is like XX.
For example, the world gathers responses, the grain wins, and the scenery follows. (Qin Dynasty)
Clouds, sounds and scenes are all metaphors, which should be translated into clouds, echoes and shadows.
2. metaphor. Translated into +XX figuratively, the meaning is like XX.
For example: Cao Gong, Jackal Tiger also. (Battle of Red Cliffs)
The jackal is a metaphor. If translated into Cao Cao, the meaning will be out of shape. If Cao Cao uses the metaphorical meaning of the jackal and the tiger as a simile, the meaning will be much clearer.
3. metaphor. Translated into the metaphor of XX.
For example, falling into a dust net by mistake will last for 30 years. (Return to the Garden)
Dust net translated into dirty officialdom.
Special training:
Exercise 1: Don't dare to approach in autumn. ("The Hongmen Banquet")
If translated into autumn, birds and animals are afraid to get close, which sounds awkward and unpleasant to read. If it is found to be a figurative sentence, it is that such a small thing as birds and beasts in autumn dare not approach. I understand the meaning, but it is not concise enough. If it is revised, it will be concise and clear.
Exercise 2: Huang Jincheng takes Wan Li Road. (Qin Dynasty)
It is obviously difficult to understand if Jincheng is translated into a fortress built of gold. If it is figurative rhetoric, the meaning will be clear if it is translated into solid as metal. If you are flexible, translate Jincheng into a steel fortress or a strong fortress, and the meaning will be clear at once.
Summary (alternative method): If literal translation is awkward or impossible, we should think of the possibility of using figurative rhetoric. If it is a figurative sentence, we translated it in the form of a metaphor, but it is still awkward and complicated to translate, so we can't help but change it and translate the meaning of the metaphor skillfully.
Tip 2: Metonymy Translation
For example, I don't think the minister of cloth has cheated each other yet. Is it a big country? (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru)
The word' Buyi' here is because in ancient times, ordinary people wore linen clothes and replaced ordinary people with this feature, so it should be translated into ordinary people. If you don't understand this, it would be wrong to translate it into the man in cloth.
Summary (substitution method): metonymy, if translated literally, will make people feel difficult to understand and accept, so metonymy should be translated freely for the person or thing it replaces.
Special accumulation:
Noble deputy official
Three-foot law
Dai Houlu, a senior official in Wanzhong
Sizhu Dai music
Xingtan generation education circle
Zhu men Dai fu GUI renjia
A country representing a country.
Gangodai war
Sangzidai hometown
Fire in Zhu Rong.
Wan Kun is the black sheep of a rich family.
Bright eyes and white teeth replace beauty.
Pen and ink instead of articles
Du Kang daijiu
History of Danqing dynasty
The mountain forest generation in Zhong Ding is in opposition.
A person who eats meat for an official.
Peng Zudai lived for a long time.
Tip 3: Translation of Intertextuality
For example, a general died in hundreds of battles and a strong man returned in ten years. ("Mulan Poetry")
Using intertextual figures of speech, the two sentences are aimed at generals and strong men. So, either die in battle or come back in ten years, which means both generals and strong men. If you don't see this rhetorical feature, or don't understand the function of this rhetorical method, there will be deviations in sentence meaning understanding.
Summary (expansion method): Intertextuality, also known as intertextuality, means that the meanings of two sentences or two phrases overlap and complement each other, and the two parts should be combined into one when translating.
Special collection:
I, the master, have dismounted, and my guest has boarded his ship, drinking a toast without attachment. ("Pipa")
Singing at night, for Qin citizens. ("Epang Palace Fu")
The collection of Yan and Zhao, the rule of Han and Wei, and the elite of Qi and Chu. ("Epang Palace Fu")
Don't rejoice in things, don't grieve for yourself. (The Story of Yueyang Tower)
Jing Lin Han Gao (dream of climbing Mount Tianmu)
Pine and cypress are planted in the east and west, and phoenix trees are planted in the left and right. (Peacock flies southeast)
Distant Altair, Jiao Jiao Hehan girl. (Nineteen ancient poems)
The old lady didn't sweep the flower path for the guests. Today, it's only for you. Chai Men hasn't opened it for you yet, but it will open it for you today. ("guests arrive")
After separation, dogs treat people living in the same yard as strangers, guests have to go through the kitchen to eat, and chickens roost in the hall. ("Selected Records of Ji Xiang")
The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves. ("Shuxiang")
Thirteen can weave, fourteen can learn to tailor, fifteen can play the piano and sixteen can recite poems. (Peacock flies southeast)
Fierce officials came to my hometown, clamoring for something, and they went north and south. ("The Snake Catcher said")
You don't need loyalty, you don't need virtue. ("Shejiang")
Ten days off, winning friends is like a cloud; Welcome to the wedding. (Preface to Wang Teng Pavilion)
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. (Hope in Spring)
The trip to the sun and the moon, if it comes out, the stars are brilliant, if it comes out. ("Looking at the Sea")
Buy horses in the east, saddles in the west, reins in the south and whip in the north. ("Mulan Poetry")
Bright moon in Qin dynasty, bright moon in Han dynasty. ("plug")
Tip 4: Translation of allusions
For example, Cheng Ying, Chu Jiu, Yuezhao and Xixiang, I broke up with you at the first step. ("Tan Sitong")
Four people, including Cheng Ying, are mentioned in this sentence. Their stories cannot be put in the translation, but if they are all deleted, the meaning of the allusions will be affected. At this time, I am willing to die for the ideal of reform, and repay the debt for reform like Chu Jiu and Xixiang. Like Cheng Ying and Yue Zhang, you should run away for the ideal of reform and political reform and plan for the future.
Summary (point method): The ancients used allusions explicitly or implicitly in the text, so it is not necessary to copy allusions in translation, just point out the meaning of allusions here.
Special merger:
Honest people are not allowed to eat what they buy: what they buy refers to insulting charity.
Born as a head-dropping technique, dead as a pimple. It is said that a scholar-bureaucrat married his father's concubine alone in order not to be buried. The father of the dead concubine thanked his daughter, tangled the weeds on the ground, tripped the benefactor's opponent and made the benefactor win. Refers to repay a debt of gratitude.
The Yuan family hastily sealed the wolf in Xu Xu, and won a hasty visit to the north: when Xu Xu sealed the wolf, referring to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the general Huo Qubing defeated the Xiongnu, chased the wolf to Xushan, and closed the mountain and returned it. Make contributions like Huo Qubing.
Tip 5: Translation of Euphemism and Taboo
Now there are 800 people in the water conservancy army, and Fang and the generals will hunt in Wu. (Battle of Red Cliffs)
To be able to hunt is by no means to be able to hunt, nor to compete in hunting, but to fight with each other.
Another example: Ji will have a relationship.
Minutes. Yeah, it's war. Have something to do, especially start a war.
Summary (reporting method): In order to avoid vulgarity, taboo, luck or diplomatic needs, the ancients sometimes deliberately ignored Chen Qi's affairs and made their words very subtle. This is euphemism. Euphemism due to taboo is generally called taboo decoration. Just return the original intention when translating.
Tip 6: Parallel translation
For example, there is a desire to sweep the world, including the whole world, including the meaning of the four seas, and annex the eight famine. (Qin Dynasty)
Summary (condensation method): The sentence presents a meaning from all aspects, with coherent meaning and great momentum. However, there is no corresponding word translation in modern Chinese. At this time, it can be condensed as follows: (Qin) has the ambition to annex the world and unify the four seas.
Tip 7: Exaggerated translation
Such as standing on a wall, leaning on a column, and rushing to the crown with anger.
Summary (fixed method): angry hair rushing to the crown can be translated as angry hair like a hat. When exaggerating in state and procedure, there will be important or imminent words in front of translation.