Common clothing fabric knowledge 1, cotton cloth is the floorboard of all kinds of cotton textiles. Our common cotton cloth:
① Pure cotton: As the name implies, it is all made of cotton, which has the characteristics of warmth, moisture absorption, heat resistance, alkali resistance and hygiene. Mostly used to make fashion, casual wear, underwear and shirts. Its advantages are easy to keep warm, soft and close-fitting, moisture absorption and air permeability. Its disadvantage is that it is easy to shrink, wrinkle and pilling, and its appearance is not crisp and beautiful, so it must be ironed frequently when worn.
② Fine cotton: The correct term is "fine woven cotton", which simply means that it is better woven and handled, and it is pure cotton, which can prevent pilling to the maximum extent.
(3) Polyester-cotton blending, that is, polyester blended with cotton, is easier to pilling than worsted cotton, but because of polyester, the fabric is softer than pure cotton, and it is not easy to wrinkle, but its hygroscopicity is worse than pure cotton.
④ Washable cotton: Washable cotton is made of cotton cloth. After special treatment, the surface color of the fabric is softer and feels softer, showing a sense of old material in slight wrinkles. This kind of clothes has the advantages of not being easy to change, not fading and not ironing. The well-washed cotton cloth has a uniform layer of plush on the surface and a unique style.
⑤ Ice cotton: Ice cotton is light and breathable, cool and resistant to summer heat. Generally speaking, a layer of coating is added to cotton cloth, and the color is mainly single tone, such as white, military green, light pink, light brown and so on. Ice cotton is breathable and cool, feels smooth and soft, has a cool feeling, has natural wrinkles on the surface, and is airtight when worn on the body. Suitable for ladies to make dresses, cropped trousers, shirts, etc. Unique style, it is the first-class fabric for making summer clothes. Pure ice cotton will not shrink! ⑥ Lycra cotton: Lycra is added to the cotton cloth. Lycra is an artificial elastic fiber exclusively invented and produced by DuPont. Lycra can stretch 4 to 7 times freely, and can quickly return to its original length after external force is released. It cannot be used alone, but it can be interwoven with any other man-made or natural fiber. It does not change the appearance of the fabric, and it is an invisible fiber, which can greatly improve the performance of the fabric. Its extraordinary stretching and recovery performance greatly increases the color of all fabrics. The clothes containing Lycra not only fit comfortably and move freely, but also have super anti-wrinkle elasticity, and the clothes are durable and not deformed.
⑦ Mesh cotton: Mesh cotton is also pure cotton, but the weaving method is different from the general one, which absorbs sweat more and is not easy to deform. ⑧ Mercerized cotton is made of high-grade cotton. After a series of strict processing procedures, its products can be described as the best cotton, which not only retains the natural advantages of pure cotton, but also has many unique advantages:
1, the yarn strength increases and it is not easy to break; 2, the gloss is increased, and it is as bright as silk; 3, the dyeing performance is improved, the color is bright, and it is not easy to fade; 4. The breaking depth of yarn decreases with the increase of tension, that is, it is not easy to stretch and deform.
2. flax. Flax is a kind of cloth made of hemp, flax, ramie, jute, sisal, banana and other hemp plant fibers. Generally used to make casual clothes and work clothes, now it is also used to make ordinary summer clothes. Its advantages are extremely high strength, good moisture absorption, heat conduction and air permeability, and extremely fashionable wearing. Its disadvantages are uncomfortable to wear and rough and stiff appearance.
The common clothing fabric is cotton-linen blended fabric, which generally adopts 55% flax and 45% cotton or 50% flax and cotton blended fabric respectively. In appearance, it maintains the unique rough and crisp style of linen fabric, and has the soft characteristics of cotton fabric, which improves the shortcomings of linen fabric, such as not being fine and clean, and being prone to pilling. Cotton-linen interwoven fabrics are mostly interwoven fabrics with cotton as warp and linen as weft, which are hard and smooth in texture and softer in hand than pure linen. Hemp-cotton blended interwoven fabrics are mostly light and suitable for summer clothing.
3. Silk is the general name of all kinds of silk fabrics woven from silk. Like cotton cloth, it has many varieties and different personalities. It can be used to make all kinds of clothes, especially women's clothes.
Chiffon: Chiffon is the most common clothing fabric, also called georgette and georgette crepe. According to the raw materials used, it can be divided into silk chiffon, artificial chiffon and polyester chiffon, which also belong to chiffon fabrics. The fabrics woven from different raw materials are also very different, and the texture and feel are very different, so the price difference is also very big. Chiffon fabric is soft, light and transparent, smooth and elastic, light and clean in appearance, good in breathability and drape, and very comfortable and elegant to wear. Almost all chiffon fabrics are stiff to the touch and uncomfortable to stick to the skin.
② Double wrinkles: The main features of double crepe are: fine and uniform surface wrinkles, soft and smooth texture, bright and soft color, elasticity, comfortable and cool wearing, good air permeability, and heavier silk body than georgette. The shrinkage rate is relatively large, about 10%, but general clothes have shrunk before cutting.
3 taffeta: also known as taffeta, it is a kind of high-grade woven silk with plain weave. Warp yarns are made of double-twist cooked yarns, and weft yarns are made of combined single-twist cooked yarns. Based on plain weave, the fabric has high density and is the densest variety of silk fabrics. Taffon is characterized by fine, clean and smooth surface, flat and beautiful appearance, good luster, dense fabric and stiff hand feel, but it is easy to produce permanent creases after folding. So it is not suitable for folding and heavy pressure, and drum packaging is often used. Taffon is the top grade of women's clothing, which is very popular among women in Europe, America and many regions. However, the production process of taffeta is complex, the output is not much, and it can only be supplied in limited quantities, even less.
Wool fabric (also called woolen fabric): It is a kind of fabric made of all kinds of wool and cashmere or artificial wool. Common clothing fabrics are as follows:
Gabardine: It is one of the important worsted fabrics. Style characteristics: the wool surface is smooth and flat, lint-free, the grain is clear and straight, the evenness is even, the feel is smooth and waxy, plump and flexible, the body and bones are elastic, strong and wear-resistant. Natural soft luster and infinite light make it more solemn.
Serge: serge is a traditional variety of worsted fabrics. Style characteristics: soft and light color, rich feel, good elasticity of body and bones, strong and durable.
Tweed: Tweed is the product with the most varieties and colors and the richest organization in worsted fabrics. Various combed colored yarns, color twisted yarns and embedded yarns are used as warp and weft yarns, and the tweed presents various stripes, squares, small jacquard patterns and color hidden stripes by using the changes and combinations of plain weave, twill weave and warp double weave. For example, according to its weight, it can be divided into thin, medium and thick:
(1) The weight of tweed fabric is generally below 280g/m2, and it is generally woven by plain weave. It feels smooth and light, with good elasticity, bone feeling, beautiful and elegant patterns, bright and elegant colors and elegant temperament.
(2) The weight of medium-thick tweed fabric is generally between 285 and 434 grams per square meter. Having a smooth and rough surface. Its characteristics are natural and soft luster, rich color, bright and pure, smooth and rich feel, flexible and elastic body and bones. Suitable for making suits.
(3) The weight of tweed fabric is generally above 434g/m2, ranging from plain tweed to mixed-color tweed. It is characterized by strong and rich texture, good body and bone elasticity and clear surface, and is suitable for making various long and short coats in autumn and winter. Fan Liding: Also known as thin woolen cloth, its style features: the surface of woolen cloth is straight, the color is bright and uniform, the luster is natural and soft, the feel is smooth and crisp, it is elastic, wrinkle-resistant, uniform and breathable, and it is suitable for making all kinds of summer clothes.
Palace silk cotton and silk-supporting cotton: ideal high-grade professional wear fabrics. Style features: smooth and delicate surface, smooth feel, natural and soft luster, compact structure and no hairiness.
Cashmere: It is the most stereoscopic professional wear fabric in worsted wool. Its style features: smooth and flat surface, clear weaving, good drape, smooth and elastic.
Worsted wool products also include: Paris, Haval, breeches, melton, flannel, overcoat, women's tweed, etc.
5. Leather: Leather includes genuine leather, reclaimed leather and artificial leather. Mostly used to make fashion and winter clothes.
① Leather: It can be divided into two categories: one is leather, that is, leather that has been depilated. The second kind is fur, which is treated leather with fur. Its advantages are lightness, warmth and elegance. Its disadvantages are high price, high requirements for storage and care, and it is not suitable for popularization.
(2) Regenerated skin: Regenerated skin is made of waste skin and dermal scraps of various animals by grinding and mixing with chemical raw materials. Its surface processing technology is the same as leather trimming and embossed leather, which is characterized by neat edges, high utilization rate and low price. However, the leather body is generally thick and the strength is poor. It is only suitable for making cheap shaped products such as briefcases, trolley bags, club covers and cheap belts, and is generally not used for making clothes.
(3) Artificial leather, also known as imitation leather or rubber compound, has the characteristics of diverse colors, good waterproof performance, neat and narrow edges, high utilization rate and low price compared with real leather, but most artificial leather can't reach the effect of real leather in hand feel and elasticity; However, with the continuous improvement of production technology, good artificial leather has reached or even exceeded the effect of genuine leather, and of course the price is comparable.
6. Chemical fiber is short for chemical fiber. This is a fiber textile made of polymer. Usually divided into two categories: man-made fibers and synthetic fibers. Their common advantages are bright colors, soft texture, crisp drape, smoothness and comfort. Their disadvantages are poor wear resistance, heat resistance, hygroscopicity and air permeability, easy to deform when heated and easy to generate static electricity. Although it can be used to make all kinds of clothes, the overall grade is not high.
7. Blending is a fabric made of natural fibers and chemical fibers in a certain proportion, which can be used to make various clothes. Its advantages are that it not only absorbs the respective advantages of cotton, hemp, silk, wool and chemical fiber, but also avoids their respective disadvantages as much as possible, and its value is relatively cheap, so it is very popular.
The modeling characteristics of fabrics made of different materials are 1. Soft fabrics are generally light and thin, with good drapability, smooth modeling lines and naturally stretched clothing contours. Soft fabrics mainly include knitted fabrics and silk fabrics with dispersed fabric structure, as well as soft and light linen fabrics. Soft knitted fabrics often adopt linear and concise modeling to reflect the beautiful curves of human body in clothing design; Silk, linen and other fabrics often appear in loose and wrinkled shapes, showing the sense of flow of fabric lines.
2, cool fabric, cool fabric lines are clear and have a sense of volume, which can form a full clothing outline. There are cotton cloth, polyester cotton cloth, corduroy, linen cloth and various medium-thick woolen cloth and chemical fiber fabrics. These fabrics can be used in designs that highlight the accuracy of clothing modeling, such as suits and suits.
3. Smooth fabric Smooth fabric has a smooth surface, can reflect light and has a sense of light. This kind of fabric includes satin fabric. Most commonly used in evening dresses or stage costumes, it produces a gorgeous and dazzling strong visual effect. Smooth fabrics have a wide range of modeling freedom in the performance of dresses, which can have simple design or exaggerated modeling methods.
4, heavy fabrics Heavy fabrics are thick and scraped, which can produce stable modeling effects, including various thick woolen fabrics and quilted fabrics. Its fabric has a sense of body expansion, so it is not suitable to use too much pleating and stacking. In design, A-type and H-type shapes are the most suitable.
5, transparent fabric transparent fabric is light and transparent, with elegant and mysterious artistic effect. Including cotton, silk and chemical fiber fabrics, such as georgette, satin silk and chemical fiber lace. In order to show the transparency of fabrics, H-shaped and frustum-shaped designs with natural and full lines are often adopted.
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