Basic introduction Chinese name: postal nature: characteristics of the communication department that deals in delivering all kinds of mail: Zheng Tong, trade and people. Date of establishment:1896 March 20, postal introduction, modern postal service, postal company, business information, development history, development process, postal knowledge, postal compensation, prohibited items, Chinese meaning and postal introduction. Postal service is an ancient postal service, which set up a post station for the ancient government of China and used horses. Post Office Modern Post Britain set up post offices in major cities in the early19th century, and delivered all kinds of mail to the public with stamps as proof of postage (delivery fee), which was the beginning of modern post. With the development of society and the expansion of commercial competition, postal companies have been replaced by commercial interests, and commercial interests have gradually become the survival law that postal companies in various countries have to consider, so as to operate postal companies. Postal services are not just about business. In the long run, corporatization will inevitably lead to the continuous confusion of postal services in various countries, and then intensify the contradictions in other areas of people's livelihood in various countries. Company operation should only be a short-term behavior. China Post Logo Business Data The State Post Bureau announced the operation of the postal industry in September 20 12. From September to September, the business income of postal enterprises and express service enterprises above designated size (excluding the direct business income of Postal Savings Bank) totaled145.59 billion yuan, up by 25.1%year-on-year; The total business volume was 654.38+044.35 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 23.7%. In September, the whole industry realized business income of 17 1. 1 billion yuan, up by 27.8% year-on-year; The total business volume was 654.38+07.84 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 32.5%. From June 5438 to September, the total postal mail business was 5.62 billion pieces, a year-on-year decrease of 4.4%; The total parcel business was 4746 1 10,000 pieces, up1.4% year-on-year; The total newspaper business was 654.38+04.3 billion copies, up 4.9% year-on-year; Magazine business completed 860 million copies, up 6.0% year-on-year; Foreign exchange business totaled 65.438+0.7 billion transactions, down 654.38+0.654.38+0.9% year-on-year. From June 5438 to September, the business volume of express delivery service enterprises above designated size nationwide totaled 3.83 billion pieces, a year-on-year increase of 52.3%; Business income totaled 73.865438 billion yuan, up 38.9% year-on-year. Among them, the business income of the same city totaled 7.72 billion yuan, up 65.1%year-on-year; Off-site business income totaled 44.22 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 43.9%; International, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan business income totaled 654.38+0.495 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 654.38+00.2%. In September, the express delivery business volume was 5 1 10,000 pieces, a year-on-year increase of 58.2%; Business income reached 9.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 36.7%. From June 5438 to September, the income of express delivery business in the same city, different places, international, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan accounted for 10.5%, 59.9% and 20.2% of the total express delivery revenue respectively; The business volume accounts for 23. 1%, 73.6% and 3.3% of the whole express delivery business volume respectively. Compared with 20 1 1 in the same period, the proportion of express delivery business income in the same city increased by 1.7 percentage points, the proportion of express delivery business income in different places increased by 2. 1 percentage point, and the proportion of international, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan business income decreased by 5.3 percentage points. From June 5438 to September, the revenue of express delivery service in eastern, central and western regions accounted for 82. 1%, 9.4% and 8.5% respectively, and the business volume accounted for 8 1.4%, 10.7% and 7.9% respectively. Compared with 20 1 1 in the same period, the proportion of express delivery business income in the eastern region increased by 1.3 percentage points, and the proportion of express delivery business increased by 2 percentage points; The proportion of express delivery business income in the central region decreased by 0.7 percentage points, and the proportion of express delivery business decreased by 0.8 percentage points; The proportion of express delivery business income in the western region decreased by 0.6 percentage points, and the proportion of express delivery business decreased by 1.2 percentage points. In addition to actively expanding its business, Daqing Post has continuously extended its network and set up post offices all over the country, and gradually started to have some contact with the World Postal Organization. Daqing * * * sent representatives to attend the fifth "Universal Postal Union Congress". In the fierce historical competition, the closed-door Qing Dynasty gradually withdrew from the historical stage. Subsequently, Qing Post completed its historical mission, which was followed by the emergence and development of "Chunghwa Post" and "Revolutionary Post". After the founding of the Republic of China 19 12, Daqing Post was renamed as the Republic of China Post, and the Postal Law was promulgated, which put forward the idea of "postal service according to law". Under the legal operation, China Post has made remarkable achievements and won the recognition of the world. Joined the Universal Postal Union on March 19 14. At the same time, the agrarian revolution in China was launched vigorously in the south. In the first revolutionary base area, postal communication organizations came into being. The "revolutionary postal organization" is mainly responsible for the file transfer of party organs and units. 1949 10 10/day, People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, and the postal service in China turned a new page. In the same year, 1 65438+1October1,"Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications" was established, with Zhu Xuefan as the minister. A month later, the "First National Postal Work Conference" was held, which established the development framework of the new China Post. In the early 1950s, when the postal service expanded its network and added offices, it mainly formed four basic businesses-letter, parcel, remittance and newspaper distribution. 1952 put forward the eight-character service policy of "fast, accurate, safe and convenient", which has continued to this day. 197 1 year, after the United Nations resumed its legal seat in China, 1972, in April, the Universal Postal Union resumed its legal seat in China, and New China Post returned to the world postal family, and the postal industry flourished. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/980, China Post issued the first zodiac stamp in history-Geng Shennian (i.e. Golden Monkey Ticket), which kicked off the China Zodiac stamp series. The separation of posts and telecommunications from 65438 to 0998 and the establishment of the State Post Bureau marked the end of the "post and telecommunications integration" system in the past 50 years, which provided a historic opportunity for the post to go to the market, invigorate its operation and develop. 1999, China Post hosted the first World Stamp Exhibition. In the same year, the 22nd General Assembly of the Universal Postal Union was held in Beijing, which means that the position and role of China Post in the international postal service are increasing. In 2007, postal services and enterprises were separated. After the establishment of China Post Group Corporation, the original four basic businesses were reorganized and gradually built into a modern postal enterprise integrating information flow, capital flow and physical logistics. On August 8, 2008, the world-famous Beijing Olympic Games was held grandly. The first "Olympic Expo" sponsored by China Post opened at the same time as the North Exhibition. IOC President Rogge and Honorary President Samaranch attended and gave full praise. Development course: China Post has experienced semi-feudal and semi-colonial post since the Opium War 1840, Chunghwa Post during the Republic of China, People's Post during the Revolutionary War in China, Post that has contributed to the development of people's posts and telecommunications and national economy since the founding of New China, Post that has been reformed to meet the needs of national economic development in the new period, and Post that is closely related to the future development of people's livelihood! In the early days of the founding of New China, the postal communication network in China was poor, with few outlets and outdated equipment. By the end of 1949, there were only 26,328 post offices in China (except Tibet and Taiwan Province Province), with an average service area of 364.6 square kilometers and an average service population of 2 1000. There are only letters, parcels, money orders and other businesses, and the per capita mail volume is only 1. 1, which is the total postal business in the whole year. Since the founding of New China, especially since the implementation of reform and opening up, China Post has developed continuously, rapidly and healthily. The postal network extends in all directions, covering the whole country and connecting the world. The overall strength has been continuously enhanced, and a postal development road with China characteristics has gradually emerged. Mainly manifested in: the communication ability has been significantly enhanced, the level of technical equipment has been significantly improved, the business operation has achieved remarkable results, the service level has been continuously improved, and foreign cooperation and exchanges have been increasingly enhanced. Up to now, China has basically formed a modern postal network with comprehensive utilization of aviation, railways and highways, connecting urban and rural areas, covering the whole country and reaching the world. It has truly realized Premier Zhou Enlai's expectation that "sending Wan Li is related to the national conditions". Premier Zhou wrote an inscription "Sticking to the pulse of Wan Li". The first sentence of "the State Council Postal System Reform Plan" points out: "Postal industry is an important social public utility of the country, and postal network is an important communication infrastructure of the country". This positioning has made clear the public service attribute of the postal industry. Postal common sense: There is no mail in any of the following circumstances: (1) It cannot be delivered and cannot be delivered to the sender; (two) undeliverable, the sender declared to give up; (3) When undeliverable mail is returned, the sender refuses to pay the fees payable; (four) undeliverable mail, after the expiration of the storage period of the receiving and posting office, the sender has not collected it. Undeliverable mail undeliverable mail includes: the recipient's address is not detailed or wrong, undeliverable or the trial vote is invalid; The original address does not have this recipient; The recipient has moved and the new address is unknown; The recipient's company has been revoked; The donee dies and there is no legal donee; The recipient rejected the message; The mail delivered by the window has not been collected by the recipient after the storage period has expired. Users should show valid certificates when receiving emails. Valid certificates refer to: resident ID card (including temporary id card), household registration book, work permit, military officer's card, police officer's card, civilian cadre's card, soldier's card, retired military cadre's card, etc. In addition, citizens under the age of 16 can also receive emails with their student ID cards, which are also regarded as valid documents. The following postage certificates shall not be used for postage certificates: (1) stamps that have stopped being used by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications; (2) Stamps that have been cancelled or cancelled; (3) Stamps that are contaminated, incomplete, faded or discolored, and it is difficult to distinguish authenticity; (4) Stamp patterns cut from postage envelopes, postage postcards and postage aerogrammes; (five) foreign stamps and stamps issued by Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan Province Province; (six) deformed stamps (such as reverse printing, creases, missing teeth, complex teeth, etc.). Legal liability for copying stamp patterns or printing postcards printed with the words "China People's Post" without authorization Article 57 of the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Postal Law "Whoever forges postage certificates, copies stamp patterns or prints postcards printed with the words" China People's Post "without authorization for the purpose of making profits shall be fined not more than 5,000 yuan by the Post and Telecommunications Administration or its authorized unit, and the illegal income and articles shall be confiscated." Whoever forges postage certificates for profit and constitutes a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 124 of the Criminal Law of People's Republic of China (PRC). Article 124 of the Criminal Law: "Whoever forges a ticket, boat ticket, stamp, tax bill or cargo ticket for profit shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years, criminal detention or a fine; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 2 years and not more than 7 years, and may also be fined. " Postal Code The use of postal code in mail delivery is one of the main means of postal communication modernization in China and an important measure to speed up mail delivery. The standardization of mail collection and sender address writing is the basic condition to ensure the safe and rapid delivery of mail. However, as China is a multi-ethnic country with complicated characters and place names, it is difficult to standardize the address only with Chinese characters. Even if it is clearly written in detail, the 20 13 machine is difficult to identify. Therefore, the implementation of postal code is the only way to standardize the writing of mail addresses in China. The implementation of postal code has the following advantages: (1) can speed up mail delivery. Manual reading of Chinese addresses can only sort about 2,000 letters an hour, and machine reading of codes can increase the sorting to 20,000 to 40,000 letters an hour. (2) It can improve the accuracy of mail delivery. The place names in China are complicated, and there are many names with the same names. It is easy to distinguish Chinese characters. Export letters only look at the first three yards, while import letters only look at the last two yards, which not only saves eyesight, but also reduces errors. (3) It can reduce "blind letter". If the address is unclear, it will often be sent out and returned, forming a "blind letter." If you can use postal code, you can narrow the search scope to a delivery area to minimize "blind letter". The purpose of writing postal code is to deliver the letter to the recipient quickly and accurately. So: first of all, you must write the postal code correctly according to the mailing address, and you must not write it casually. Secondly, letters should be sent in envelopes that meet national standards. Refer to the font on the seal tongue, and fill in one by one from left to right with a blue or black pen, ballpoint pen or brush. Handwriting should be neat, not off-line, not Lian Bi, not altered or damaged. Third, don't just write the short code of the county and city, but write "full code", that is, write the postal code of the delivery office where the recipient is located. In any of the following circumstances, postal enterprises shall not be liable for compensation: ① ordinary mail is lost. (2) The mail is lost or delayed due to the user's responsibility or the items sent. (3) Loss of other vouched mail except remittance and insured mail due to force majeure. (4) The user has not inquired and claimed for compensation within one year from the date of mailing or remittance. (5) The loss of the vouched mail is caused by the responsibility of the receiving and dispatching personnel of the unit where the recipient works. 6. All kinds of mails have been delivered properly according to the prescribed procedures, and the recipients later found that the contents were short or damaged. Prohibited posting and * * * posting users must abide by the regulations prohibiting and restricting posting items when posting mail. The significance of stipulating prohibited articles: first, it can prevent criminals from using postal channels to deliver illegal articles; Second, it can ensure the safety of other emails and prevent burning and explosion accidents; Three, in order to maintain public health, protect the health of postal staff, to avoid damage to other mail. Users refer to all organizations and individuals that use postal services, including senders, recipients, remitters, payees, postal savers, newspaper subscribers, etc. Users who send and post mails are called senders, users who receive mails are called recipients, users who save money are called depositors, and users who subscribe to newspapers and magazines are called subscribers. Entrusting others to receive mail on behalf of the addressee must meet one of the following conditions: (1) Having the certificate of the addressee and the certificate of the addressee, which shall be signed or sealed by the addressee; (two) stamped with the seal of the recipient and the certificate of the recipient, and signed or sealed by the recipient; (three) stamped with the official seal of the unit, certified by the agent, and signed or sealed by the agent. This service is voluntary for express mail. When choosing this service, the sender should ensure that the insured amount is consistent with the actual value of each email. The maximum insured amount of each mail is 100000 yuan, and the insured fee is charged at 1% of the declared insured amount, and the minimum charge per piece is 1.00 yuan. Mail that fails to pay the insured fee according to the regulations is not insured mail. Mail insurance is a voluntary service of contract logistics mail. When choosing this service, the sender should ensure that the declared value is consistent with the actual value of the items in each ticket, and collect the premium according to the cooperation agreement with the customer. Economic Express Economic Express provides insured services, and valuables must be insured. Each bureau collects the insurance fee of 1% of the value of the mail declared by customers (minimum fee 1 RMB). Mail that fails to pay the insured fee according to the regulations is not insured mail. The shipper may declare the value of the contents of the consignment and pay the corresponding fees. When the goods are damaged during transportation, it will compensate a certain loss according to the value declared by the shipper. The declared value and the maximum compensation amount are RMB 20,000 per piece. Postal Compensation China Postal Express Logistics shall not be liable for compensation under the following circumstances: it is caused by force majeure (except insured mail). If the delivered articles violate the prohibition or restriction of delivery, they shall be confiscated by the competent department or handled in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. When the mail was delivered, the package was intact, with no traces of disassembly and no weight reduction, but the internal parts were short or damaged. The recipient has signed for it according to the prescribed procedures. The mail is lost or delayed due to the customer's responsibility or the items sent. From the date of mailing to the expiration of the inquiry, the customer failed to inquire and claim. International mail is detained, confiscated or destroyed by the destination country according to its domestic laws and regulations. Compensation standard for domestic express mail: if the insured mail is lost, damaged or short, it shall be compensated according to the actual loss value, but the maximum amount shall not exceed the insured amount of the relevant mail; If the uninsured mail is lost, damaged or short, it shall be compensated according to the actual loss value, and shall be handled in accordance with the Postal Law, the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Postal Law and relevant regulations, but the maximum amount shall not exceed three times the paid tariff; If the mail is delayed, the expenses paid this time (excluding extra expenses such as packing box and insured price) will be exempted; For other losses or indirect losses, our company will not be liable for compensation. If the mail is delayed because the sender fills in the receiving address, sender's name and address, and contact telephone number incompletely or incorrectly, the company will not be liable for compensation. International and Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao EMS compensation standard: delay: refund 50% postage. Loss or damage of letters and information mails: RMB 400 yuan per piece. Lost or damaged items not declared in the list when mailing: RMB per 400 yuan. If the declared value of an article is lost or damaged, it shall be compensated according to the declared actual value, and if the internal parts are lost or damaged, it shall be compensated according to the actual loss, but the maximum compensation shall not exceed each piece: 500+60*W (RMB) w is the weight of the mail, expressed in kilograms, and rounded to 1kg after the decimal point. If the mail is lost or damaged, in addition to compensation according to relevant regulations, the postage and special inquiry fees received will be refunded. Prohibited articles. Prohibited articles refer to articles prohibited by national laws and regulations, mainly including: various weapons and ammunition. Such as guns, bullets, shells, grenades, mines, bombs, etc. All kinds of explosive materials. Such as detonators, explosives, gunpowder, firecrackers, etc. All kinds of flammable materials, including liquids, gases and solids. Such as gasoline, kerosene, tung oil, alcohol, paint, diesel oil, aerosol, gas lighters, gas cylinders, phosphorus, sulfur, matches, etc. All kinds of corrosive substances. Such as pyrosulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, organic solvents, pesticides, hydrogen peroxide and dangerous chemicals. Various radioactive elements and containers. Such as uranium, cobalt, radium and polonium. All kinds of potent poisons. Such as thallium, cyanide, arsenic, etc. All kinds of things. Such as opium (including poppy shells, flowers, bracts and leaves), morphine, cocaine, * * *, marijuana, ice, ephedrine and other products. Various biochemical products and infectious articles. Such as anthrax, dangerous bacteria and medical waste. All kinds of publications, promotional materials and printed materials that endanger national security and social and political stability and have obscene contents. All kinds of articles harmful to public health. Such as bones, animal organs, limbs, skin without nitrate, animal bones without drugs, etc. Articles that are explicitly prohibited from circulating, posting or entering or leaving the country by national laws, regulations and administrative rules, such as state secret files and materials, national currency and counterfeit currency, securities, simulated weapons, controlled knives, precious cultural relics, endangered wild animals and their products, etc. Improper packaging may endanger personal safety, pollute or damage other articles and equipment. Delivery of imported goods prohibited by the country (region). Other prohibited items. Two. Measures taken by the delivery service enterprise to deal with prohibited articles: When the enterprise discovers various weapons, ammunition and other articles, it shall immediately notify the public security department to deal with them, evacuate personnel and maintain the site. At the same time, notify the state security organs. When an enterprise discovers all kinds of radioactive substances, biochemical products, * * substances, infectious substances and potent poisons, it shall immediately notify the chemical defense and public security departments to deal with them according to the emergency plan. At the same time, notify the state security organs. Enterprises find all kinds of inflammable and explosive dangerous goods, which are found in the process of receiving and sending, and will not be accepted and sent; If it is found in the forwarding link, it should stop forwarding; If it is found in the delivery link, it will not be delivered. Dangerous goods should be stored in isolation. The public security department shall be notified of dangerous goods that are likely to cause harm, and the state security organ shall be notified to take measures to destroy them. When pollution needs to be eliminated, it should be reported to the health and epidemic prevention department. Other dangerous goods, you can notify the sender to get back within a time limit. Other non-dangerous goods in the internals shall be sealed and sealed, and accompanied by a certificate to be sent at the delivery link or notified to the recipient for collection. Enterprises should promptly notify the public security, national security and press and publication departments to deal with all kinds of publications, promotional materials and printed materials that endanger national security and social and political stability and are obscene. When an enterprise discovers articles harmful to public health and perishable articles, it shall, depending on the circumstances, notify the sender to take them back within a time limit. If it is unable to do so, it may be destroyed on the spot. If improper packaging may endanger personal safety, pollute or damage other delivered articles and equipment, the enterprise shall notify the sender to take it back within a time limit after discovering the receiving and sending link. Found in the handover or delivery, should be properly handled according to the specific situation. Articles prohibited from entering or leaving the country shall be handed over to the customs for handling. Other circumstances can be notified to the relevant regulatory authorities for handling. Basic Interpretation of Chinese Meaning [Postal Service] A national department specializing in postal services, whose main business is to deliver letters and parcels, handle remittances, and issue newspapers and periodicals. The main business is to deliver letters and parcels, handle foreign exchange and issue newspapers and periodicals. Qing Tan Stone "Bao Bei Zheng Yuanshu": "Continue the wire, create a post office, and manage the post office." Liang Qichao's On the Harm of Continuous Reform: "Stamps began in the seventeenth year of Daoguang." The first chapter of Ding Ling's Hu Wei: "The natural reply won't be so fast! The postal department has never used an airplane. "