Tujia people, the popular explanation is the indigenous people who have lived here for a long time, and they were called "Ba people" in ancient times. According to relevant historical records, Tujia people were distributed in the border area of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces in ancient times and lived between the Yangtze River and Yuanshui. It has never been completely relocated, and it is a very stable nation. As a clan name, Ba people used to be the unity of many tribes, and their ancestors were generally considered as Badong people in western Hubei, Nanapei people in Jianshi area and Changyang people in Changyang area.
According to Sima Qian's Records of the Five Emperors, as early as the Yao and Shun era, "Nan Man" existed and multiplied in Jiangnan and Hanshui areas.
The Han Dynasty called Baxian Nanjun Man, Wuling Man, Chonglou Man, Lishui Man and Zhong Mian Man (Tushan Man).
During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was called Wu Ximan, Xi Ximan, Tianmen Man, Qianyang Man and Jianping Man.
The Sui Dynasty called it "Yue Zuo".
Northern Xinjiang was called barbarians in Song Dynasty. In the history of Song Dynasty, The Biography of Manzhan was called barbarian, barbarian and official.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they were called Yi Tu, Tuman and Tujia.
It was not until the late Ming and early Qing dynasties that Tujia and Hakka appeared in Chinese. The so-called "Tujia" is relative to the "Hakka", which mainly refers to the Han nationality. "Tujia" means "local" and "Hakka" means "foreigner", which only appeared after more Han Chinese moved to Tujia area. It turns out that Tujia people call themselves "nose", and so do Cubans, but "nose" does not mean "local". "Bitz" is a self-proclaimed Tujia nationality, which existed in ancient times, while "local" is a Chinese title that appeared only after more Han people moved to Tujia areas.
Tujia is a hardworking and brave people. Tujia people living in Zhangjiajie city have increased their courage because of Wuling Mountain, and Wuling Mountain has also shown more and more spirit because of Tujia people. It really means that birds of a feather flock together.
Bai (ba)
Bai nationality is also an ancient nation. Bai people call themselves "Bai Zi" and "Bai Ni", which means "Bai" in Chinese. The history of Bai ancestors is called Bo Bu, Lao, Xi Cuo, Bai Man, Bai Man and Folklore.
Bai people are mainly distributed in Dali, Yunnan, China. The Bai people living in Sangzhi and Tianzi Mountain are from Dali, Yunnan. According to relevant historical records, as early as 1253, the Mongolian army occupied Dali, Yunnan Province, forcing an "inch white army" to attack the Southern Song Dynasty. There are three Bai brothers in this "inch white army", named Zhong, Gu and Gu respectively. Dissatisfied with the Mongols and disgusted with the war, he fled the army to Jiangxi and then moved to Dongting Lake, Hunan. Once again, they went up the Lijiang River, settled in mulberry fields and thrived. The three people at that time, after more than 700 years of reproduction, have now grown to nearly 10 thousand people. After liberation, after decades of investigation and study, seven Bai townships were formally established in the autumn of 1985, and finally the ethnic autonomy of the Bai nationality was realized. Although the Bai people in Sangzhi come from far away, some of their customs and habits are similar to those in Dali, Yunnan. The language of the Bai nationality is basically Chinese, which has long been the common language of the Bai nationality. Because the Bai people have already established flesh-and-blood ties with the Han people.
Bai is also a hardworking and brave people. Not only fought bravely against imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism in history, such as participating in 1884 "Zhennan Victory" and 1949 Jianchuan Armed Uprising in April, but also created rich experience and splendid national culture in the long-term production struggle, such as Chongsheng Temple and Jin, which stood in Dali. The famous love epic Wang Fuyun and folk stories Beauty Stone and Snake Bone Tower are famous at home and abroad. Every year, the "March Street" in Dali is not only a grand traditional festival, but also a grand gathering of business activities, attracting many domestic and foreign tourists.
Miao ethnic group
Miao people call themselves Zhuang, Meng, Mo and Mao, and some also call themselves Gan Ao, Guo Xiong, Dai Ao and Cage Er.
Miao nationality is a large and widely distributed ethnic group in the national family, and it is also an ancient ethnic group. Miao pre-democracy should be distributed in the south of the Yellow River basin, the north of the Yangtze River basin and the "Jingchu area" in China. Later, they went up Dongting Lake, slowly arrived in Xiangxi and Qiandong, and then settled down here and thrived. According to historical records, Miao people were called "Man" in Zhou and Qin Dynasties, and were also called "Wu Xi Man" and "Changsha Man" after moving to Hunan and Guizhou in Han Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, the feudal rulers established the "five village heads system" in Hunan Miao area, and established the military and civilian appeasement department in Shunyuan Miao area of Guizhou to strengthen the rule of the Miao people.
In the Qing Dynasty, the policy of "changing land into streams" was implemented, and hereditary chiefs were abolished, stream officials were appointed, land inspection, tax collection and household inspection were carried out, and the government, department, state and county were unified, which further strengthened the rule of the Miao people. This has caused many Miao people to live in poverty, be on the verge of death for a long time, and have no food and clothing all the year round. Only under the leadership of the * * * Production Party can the Miao people truly turn over and become masters of their own affairs.
Miao is a hardworking and brave people. In history, they waged an indomitable struggle against imperialism and feudal rulers. For example, in the thirteenth year of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (AD 37), "Wuling Man Jing's husband was in one direction, and Dakou County" greatly shook the feudal ruling dynasty; In the sixty years of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 1759), the "Ganjia Uprising" broke out, which was jointly participated by Miao and Tujia people. It was first initiated by Miao leaders Shi and Shi Mi Mei (female) in Songtao Pavilion, Guizhou, followed by Shi from Cucumber Village in Huayuan, Xiangxi, Wulong Deng and Wu Banshou from Wild Leopard Village in Fenghuang Hall, and Wu Bayue and Wu from Sanchaping, Jishou. The rebel struggle lasted for 13 years and dealt a heavy blow to the Qing army. During the period of Kuomintang rule, Miao and Tujia people in Xiangxi persisted in their struggle and abolished the "farming" system that exploited Xiangxi people for more than 0/00 years since Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, and achieved great victory.
In the long-term struggle, the Miao people have accumulated rich experience and created splendid national culture.