1, champagne producing area
Champagne means champagne province. Located in the north of France, the climate is cold, the soil is hard and the sun is abundant. The grapes grown are suitable for making champagne. Champagne was invented in 1660 by Don Perignon, a monk of Benedictine monastery in Champagne province. It is a kind of sparkling wine brewed by secondary fermentation. Champagne got its name from this.
The French government is very strict about the protection of champagne brands. Only the wine produced in champagne area can be called champagne, and there are only three kinds of grapes for brewing: Pi Nuo monier; ; Black Pi Nuo and Chardonnay, produced by the same method, the same grapes or other grapes in other regions, can only be called "Vin pétillant", not champagne. Champagne producing area is mainly sparkling wine.
2. Alsace Alsace producing area
The wines produced in Alsace are all AOC wines, and the cold climate is suitable for the growth of white grapes. 94% of the wine is white wine, and most of them are made of a single variety, and the grape varieties used will be indicated on the label. Most of the wines in this area are not sweet, but sour and very refreshing. Local production is great. Alsace mainly brews a single variety of white wine, the most famous of which are Riesling and Qiong Yao pulp. The wine in this area has always been famous for its fresh and delicate floral and fruity fragrance. Whether it's pure or with food. It is recognized as one of the best white wine producing areas in the world.
The wine road in Alsace is more than 50 kilometers long, and most of the vineyards are scattered on the sunny slopes of the Voss Mountains. In the oil-green vineyards stand intact medieval villages. Overlooking the plain, the most beautiful vineyards in France shine against the blue sky and pine forests.
3. Loire Valley.
There are many kinds of fine wines produced here. Because the climate in different parts of the region is very different and the grapes planted have their own characteristics, the taste of fine wines brewed in various vineyards is also very different. The vineyards here have a history of hundreds of years. Today, we are still trying to study how to grow grapes with better quality. While trying to keep our own wine characteristics, we are also constantly trying to improve the composition and wine quality. The vineyards in the Loire Valley are mainly operated by small family businesses, among which 65,438+07 and 5 brands have been approved by AOCs and VDQS respectively, accounting for 70% of the whole region. Therefore, this food paradise with rich cultural flavor can be described as outstanding, and it is really the best among the best.
There are many varieties of grapes in the Loire Valley, and whether they are single-brewed or mixed-brewed, they have their unique charm. This area produces countless top grapes and classic wines, all of which have a history of centuries.
White grapes: Sauvignon: It can make a fragrant and cold wine. This grape originated in the Loire Valley and can be found all over the world now. Chenin Blanc or Pineau de Loire: Grape varieties with a long history in this area have a late harvest. The wine can be brewed, with rich aroma, rich taste and sweet taste. Because of its high acidity, it will age for a while. Pineau d'Aunis: a grape variety with a long history in this area, which is mainly used to brew various high-quality wines in Loire region. Romorantin: a unique grape variety in Chevy, usually mixed with Chenning and Sauvignon grapes, with fruity taste and fresh and fragrant taste.
Red grape: Cabernetfranc or Breton: Originated in Bordeaux, it is the main component of Dulan wine, and the wine has a strong fruity aroma. Jiamei: A high-grade grape variety in beaujolais, which can be used to make mild fruity wine, with young grapes as the top grade.
4. Burgundy in Burgundy producing area
Burgundy, located in the northeast of France, is an ancient wine producing area in France. There are four major wine producing areas in Burgundy, namely beaujolais, Bonn, Nouveau and Charente. Different from Bordeaux's mixed wine, Burgundy's wine is dominated by a single variety. The legal grape varieties in Burgundy are Black Pi Nuo and Jiamei, and the white grape varieties are Chardonnay and Aligott.
5. Jura and Sava in Jura and Sava producing areas
In addition to producing red wine, mellow dry white wine and bottled sparkling wine fermented twice, Jura also produces "Vin Jaune yellow wine" and "Vin de Paille straw wine" with local characteristics. Vin Jaune originated in Chateau-Chalon production area, and now it is produced in all AOC production areas. Brewed with Savagnin white grape varieties, it must be stored in 228 liters oak barrels for more than 6 years after slow fermentation to become dry white wine. French wine (Vin de Paille) is a sweet liquor with high residual sugar and alcohol content, which is usually bottled after two years of oak barrel culture. Coates du Jura is the local AOC in this area. In addition, Arbois, L 'etoile and Chateau-Chalon all produce red and white wine, only white wine. Mant sparkling wine (Juramant).
Sava wine producing area belongs to plateau climate. Grapes grow on the sunny mountainside with an average elevation of 200-450m, so grapes can't be planted in a large area in cold climate, and the legal AOC area is only about 1500 hectares. There are as many as 23 grape varieties used in this area, many of which are endemic to the region. There are mainly five white varieties, including Chasselas, Chardonnay and Hu Shan from Switzerland (locally known as Belges Dragon Bergeron). Jacquère is a local native and the most widely planted variety in Sava province. The produced wine has a light taste, low alcohol content and often flint flavor. Artese (also known as Rosette) has the potential to exist for a long time because of its low yield, high alcohol content, heavy taste and strong fragrance. Mainly made into a single variety (or mixed Chardonnay) of dry liquor. The main black varieties are Pinot Noir, Camry and Mendes (which can brew red wine with deep color, strong taste, compact structure and long shelf life). Savoie province produces mostly white wine, mainly producing pale white wine and red wine suitable for young people, most of which belong to a single variety of wine. In order to maintain the fresh fruit flavor of wine, it is usually bottled earlier, and a little carbon dioxide is often left in the bottle to make the wine taste fresher. Besides red wine, there are also a small amount of pink wine and sparkling wine. There are two local AOCs: "Savoie Vin de Savoie" and "Savoie-Roussette Roussette de Savoie". There are two AOCs in the village, one is "Creppi Crépy" in Chasselas, and the other is Seyssel in Longhe, which produces white wine and sparkling wine.
6. Rhone Valley Rhone Valley
White wines here include viognier, Hushan (rare) and marsanne. South Rhone Valley is mainly red varieties such as Gehenna and Carignan from Spain. Among them, the fire pit can also be brewed into natural sweet wine VDN. Jiali wine is an old tree wine. And malvid and claim grapes. Local white grape varieties include White Fire Pit and Clairette, Clairay and bourboulenc, Bai Youni, Rose and others.
The quality of wine produced in Changgu area is uneven. In the same AOC origin naming, excellent and mediocre wineries coexist. Pay attention to wines named after regions (such as Rhone Valley, Saint Joseph or new castle), because they are very good and very poor. The wine in Rhone Valley is rich and colorful, and its red wine is characterized by rich taste and slight spicy taste.
The North Rhone River is at the same latitude as Bordeaux, but further east belongs to the interior of France, with a typical continental climate. Autumn grape harvest season temperature is low, tend to plant early-maturing grape varieties. North Rhone is adjacent to the Burgundy producing area, so it is similar to Burgundy wine, mainly composed of a single variety of wine or two or three kinds of grapes. The planting area in the northern region is small, and the grapes planted are mainly located along the Rhone River. The dry and cold north wind accelerated the ripening of grapes. Most vineyards are located on steep banks and slopes, shaped like terraces. The planting area here is about 3200 hectares, far less than the 7578 1 hectare in Nanlong Valley.
South Rona is bathed in Mediterranean sunshine and sea breeze, with abundant rainfall. Like Provence, cold and dry northwest winds often blow here in winter. The landforms here are very diverse: from calcareous sandy land to pebble land, from steps, plains to plateaus. Because the climate is warmer, the high temperature in autumn harvest season retains more sugar and higher maturity, but it is difficult for a single grape to have a balanced performance, so the wines in this area are made from a variety of grapes. The wine with the highest alcohol content in the world is in this area, reaching 16.2 degrees. This is mainly due to the unique cobblestone landform in the south. Pebbles absorb the heat of the sun during the day and then give it to the vines at night, which makes the grapes more mature and have high alcohol content.
AOC Chateauneuf-du-Pape, the first French wine named after its origin, is located in the south of the Rhone Valley, ranking first among the three major producing areas in the South Rhone Valley, along with Gigondas and Vacqueyras. Pope new castle has plenty of sunshine, and the unique soil structure of red clay covered with pebbles enables grapes to ripen very well, so sugar addition similar to that in the colder producing areas of Bordeaux or Burgundy is prohibited by law here. The red wine brewed by Pope new castle has the common characteristics of red wine in the Rhone Valley, that is, it has good color, aroma and richness. What is more prominent is its complex and changeable wine fragrance. The wine brewed by Pope new castle uses glass bottles with a common symbol printed on them, namely, two crossed keys and a teaching crown (not all). Most of the wines here have the ability to age.
7. Bordeaux, Bordeaux producing area
Bordeaux producing area: Bordeaux is located on the Garonne River. There are five kinds of grapes in Bordeaux, Cabernet Sauvignon (Cabernet France), Merlot, Cabernet Fran (Cabernet France), Petite Verdot and malbec. The main varieties are Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. The main grape varieties used in white wine are Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon. Bordeaux has four main sub-production areas: Medoc, Grave, St. Damien and Pomerol. In addition, there is a Suttern (Xie Su) producing area, which specializes in liquor production.
8. Southwest China
Southwest producing areas have a hot climate, and vineyards cover an area of more than 30,000 hectares, producing all kinds of wines. Among them, 16000 hectares produces AOC wine. The production area also includes more than a dozen legal districts. The ancient Berger -ac is the most important wine producing area in southwest China, and the expensive and rotten sweet wine produced by Montbazlak of Berger -AC is one of the best sweet wines in France.
9. Languedoc-roussillon Languedoc-roussillon
Languedoc, located in the southernmost Mediterranean coast of France, is the largest wine producing area in France. Covering an area of 380,000 hectares, it ranks second among the top ten wine producing areas in France. In the early 1980s, there was no good wine production in this area, mainly producing low-grade Japanese table wine. With the continuous development and progress of vineyards and wineries, grape varieties are diversified and wine-making technology is gradually improved. At present, the output of AOC wine in this region is increasing, and the products of AOVDQS are also expanding day by day.
The famous AOC (except natural liqueur) wines are: Cotes du Roussillon and Cotes du Rous Sillon-Villages Cotes du Rous Sillon, which are produced in the southernmost county of the mainland. The produced red wine is dark in color, rich in bouquet and fruity. After strict quality inspection, red wine from 28 villages can be listed under the name of Cotes du Roussillon-Villages. The alcohol content of this wine must reach 65,438+02%, unlike that of Cortes Dulucillon, which only needs 65,438+065,438+0.5%, and the output per hectare cannot exceed 4,500 liters. Collioure Collioure AOC wine originated from Banyuls Vineyard, which is a kind of red wine brewed with the grape variety of Gehenna. It is a very rich and excellent wine, but the output is very small.
10, Provence-Corsica producing areas Provence and Corsica
The largest legal origin is C? Provence, with an average output of 80 million liters.
c？ Tes de Provence is famous for its fresh and fruity dry pink wine, and also produces excellent dry red wine and dry white wine. Red wine takes three or four years to ripen.
The other five AOCs in Provence also have their own characteristics: Palette white wine is produced in a circular canyon surrounded by mountains, and the soil is small calcareous, which is not affected by monsoon. The red, white and pink wines produced have long enjoyed a good reputation. Casis Vineyard is located on a limestone terrace in a circular canyon, surrounded by a small port, facing the sun and the sea, and is famous for its extremely dry white wine with low acidity. Bandor Vineyard is a dry calcareous silica terrace with a high proportion of Mourvèdre varieties. The produced wine is soft and refreshing, has a special aroma and can be preserved for a long time. Bellet is a small vineyard surrounded by some flower beds on steep slopes, and the wine produced is very fresh and refreshing. Aix Provence produces 60% fruity red wine, 35% soft and delicious pink wine and 5% high-quality fragrant white wine.
Grapes and wines in Corsica were probably created by rare wax figures long before the era, and they have an ancient tradition. Existing area 12000 hectares. Corsica produces about 7 million liters of high-quality AOC wine and 20 million liters of regional wine every year, in addition to daily table wine. Pink wine and white wine with fresh fruit flavor should be drunk when the wine is young, usually within one or two years after brewing. Red wine can be stored for many years. Provence is famous for producing fresh, delicious and fruity rose red wine, but it also produces many red wines with southern characteristics and rich flavor, such as Bondo and C? Beaux winery is the most famous, and black currant dry white wine is also very popular.
Corsica also mainly produces heavy red wine, but there are also some fine dry white wines. Patrimonio and ajaccio are the two most famous producing areas.
southwest
Southwest producing areas are scattered and diverse, producing all kinds of wines. There are many Bordeaux-like red wines in this region, such as Bergerac and Buzet, but there are also local red wines with strong colors and firm taste, such as Cahor and Madurand.
Besides, what about Mumbazlak and Ju Ran? Ann's sweet white wine is also famous.