Bottom line: Jade Rabbit Cheng Xiang

Elements of couplet table

The name "antithetical couplet" itself has extremely rich connotation, which is unmatched by any other literary form. "Right" is of great significance, such as symmetry, contrast, opposition, equivalence, duality, duality and convection. "Lian" also has many meanings, such as union, connection, union, alliance, connection, association, alliance, Unicom and so on.

The characteristics of couplets: antithesis-antithesis of words; Combination-harmony of sound and rhythm. Couplets, that is, antithetical sentences and couplets, consist of two or two sentences that take care of each other. The basic characteristics of couplets are the antithesis of words and the coordination of melody. "Right" and "cheap" are put together, which in itself establishes a harmonious and perfect organic whole of unity of opposites.

Poetry has rules, and parallel prose has rules. Couplets are evolved from parallel prose and poetry, so couplets also have meter. The rhyme of couplets means antithesis. The so-called duality is the strict duality. The metrical requirements of antithesis of couplets are: sentence equivalence, part-of-speech antithesis, structural correspondence, rhythm antithesis, hierarchical opposition and association of form and meaning. We call these six items the six elements of couplets. The six elements of couplets together constitute a concrete and complete meaning. In other words, only those with the above characteristics can be called couplets in the true sense.

Sentence equivalence and association of form and meaning are two basic elements of couplet rhyme.

Part of speech corresponds to product and structure, which are two grammatical elements of rhyme.

Rhythm, as opposed to the beat and the tablet, is two rhythmic elements of couplet rhythm.

Let's briefly analyze the six elements.

1, sentence equivalence: the number of words in the upper and lower couplets and their sentences should be equal.

Couplets are divided into single sentence couplets, double sentence couplets and multi-sentence couplets, and the number of words and sentences is not limited. The so-called "couplets have no definite sentences and sentences have no definite words". However, whether it is a few words short, a dozen words long and hundreds of thousands of words long, the key is to be consistent from top to bottom, which is the minimum condition for forming couplets. It can be said that two equal paragraphs are not necessarily couplets, and two unequal paragraphs must not be couplets. The number of arithmetic words is the basis of couplet. In principle, a pair of couplets can be any number of words, as long as the number of words in the upper and lower couplets is equal. The upper and lower couplets are each a word, so they are called couplets, each a four-word couplet, each a five-word couplet, and so on.

Sentence: Autumn apricot blossoms and rain in Leng Yue.

Dialogue: sadness, dreams, tears, a thousand lines of willow shadows among flowers

This is a single-sentence couplet, which consists of seven words. We call it a seven-character couplet. The previous sentence consists of seven words, and the antithesis also corresponds to seven words. This sentence and antithesis form a couplet.

Sentence: oblique wind and dusk rain, phoenix tree language apricot rain sound

Dialogue: Jade refers to clear strings, with a hint of euphemism.

This is a multi-sentence couplet, also known as clause couplet. One side of a * * * is made up of eleven words, and there are also four words and seven words. We call it four-seven-style couplets.

No amount of words should be equal.

2. Part-of-speech counterpoint: the corresponding positions of the upper and lower syntactic structures should have the same part-of-speech attributes; Try to type 27 sub-categories of couplets, and borrow adjacent sub-categories when necessary.

Part of speech refers to the characteristics of words; Products have the meaning of "class"; "Correspondence" means similarity, similarity and equivalence.

Generally speaking, words with the same position in the upper and lower parts have the same part of speech. The "counterpart" used in general principles has three meanings (it refers to the general principle of joint law).

First, people with the same part of speech can be relative. The ancients asked astronomy, asked astronomy, asked seasons, asked numbers ... that is to say, from the part of speech.

Second, people with the same part of speech can be relative. Now people talk about noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective, content word to content word, function word to function word from the part of speech.

Third, those with the same grammatical function can be relative. For example, verbs and adjectives can be opposed to nouns when they are all subjects, adjectives and numerals can be opposed to adverbs when they are adverbials, and so on.

With regard to the classification of words, modern Chinese can be divided into two categories: notional words or function words.

Words include nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, numerals and quantifiers. Function words include adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliary words, exclamations and modal particles.

Such as: forgetting honor and disgrace = heartless, empty right and wrong.

In this couplet, "Da" and "Zhi" are adjectives, "Xing", "Dao" and "Qing" are nouns, and "Jue", "Wu", "Forget" and "Empty" are verbs. "Honor and disgrace" and "right and wrong" are both nominalized adjectives.

Such as: the principle of life and death of ginseng = Yunfu long-term ups and downs machine

Among them, culture and luck, reason and discipline are nouns, Luo and Fu, God and things are verbs, Fang and Chang are adverbs, and life and death and ups and downs are adjectives.

The parts of speech of the upper and lower couplets are basically the same, although they are different but quite consistent. There are many such couplets. Lin Ru presented Zexu to a county magistrate association in Hunan:

Stay in a good mountain in a county = = five streams of autumn water for you to clear.

Several names are verbs-nouns-verbs = = Several names instead of shapes.

This seven-character couplet has three similarities, namely, numerals "one" and "five", nouns "county" and "stream", nouns "mountain" and "water"; The other four relative words have different parts of speech, such as Hao and Qiu, Ke and Jun, Ju and Qing, but the verb Liu is far from the preposition Wei. But after reading it, I still think this couplet is good and the antithesis is good, because it also meets other requirements of antithesis.