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What is the historical background of Anhui Opera entering Shandong and becoming Bangzi Opera?
1790, due to the prosperity of commercial economy and the development of land and water transportation between the north and the south in the Qing Dynasty, Huizhou opera in its heyday spread to Shandong along the Grand Canal.

After Huiban entered Shandong, in order to adapt to the activities such as the Taishan Rushing Meeting in Shandong, Huiban arrived in Tai 'an from Jining Canal Wharf in Shandong via Yudao, and stayed here to perform, which was loved by many people.

During the Jiaqing and Daoguang years of Qing Dynasty, due to frequent exchanges between the North and the South, Huizhou Opera, which spread in Shandong, was also supported by Huizhou classes in the south of the Yangtze River.

In the early years of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty, the traffic between the north and the south was interrupted by the war, and Shandong Huizhou Opera lost contact with the south. As a result, one of the clubs settled in the home of Shi Lang, the king of Xia in Tai 'an County, and formed a new club called "Laochunyang".

LaoYangchun is as famous as DayanYangchun, Xinyangchun, Eryangchun and Sanyangchun in Huizhou. From this point, we can also see the blood relationship between Shandong Huiban and South Huiban.

Around this time, Shanshan Bangzi from Shaanxi and Gansu provinces spread to Wenshang, Shandong Province via Henan, forming a unique local Bangzi cavity. This kind of bangzi cavity is thick and high, which is more in line with the local people's character and taste than Huizhou opera. As a result, Huizhou Opera and Bangzi were circulated at the same time with the Laoyangchun class near Tai 'an.

At that time, the performance activities of LaoYangchun class were far from being developed into theater ticket sales. Generally, local leaders invite the troupe to perform in mountain cities, temple fairs, large gatherings or festivals, celebrations, wishes and other activities, which is called "writing plays" or "ordering plays".

The so-called "meeting leaders" refer to influential local leaders. At that time, due to the limitation of economic conditions, most leaders only ordered a badge to flirt. This provides an opportunity for local bangzi and Laoyangchun class to perform on the same stage.

Huizhou class has always had a tradition of eclecticism. Because the two operas were performed on the same stage, in order to meet the needs of the diverse tastes of the masses, they enriched their respective voices and increased the number of their respective repertoires.

After that, many Huizhou classes began to run classes to accept apprentices. Starting from 1874, the first regular class in Xiaoyangchun. From then on, the troupe began to teach Huizhou Opera and Bangzi at the same time, and also completed the artistic combination of the two.

At that time, because the artists of Huizhou class were all from Shandong, its characteristics gradually became Shandong. For example, to put it bluntly, artists have completely switched to Shandong accent when singing Bangzi opera. However, when singing Huizhou operas such as playing the violin and blowing the cavity, the Jiangnan accent was retained. For example, "Dr. Tea" was pronounced as "cloth cleaner".

In addition, Bangzi also absorbed the meticulous and standardized dance movements of Huizhou Opera, as well as a large number of accompaniment music cards. With the passage of time, there are more and more local actors in Shandong. Influenced by the local people's preferences, these Huizhou classes gradually changed to Bangzi opera, and the components of Huizhou opera decreased gradually, so that they gradually disappeared.

In this way, the bangzi cavity absorbed by Huiban has evolved into a unique Laiwu bangzi.

After the sound cavity of Laiwu Bangzi gradually took shape, it ushered in a period of great development. About 50 years from the end of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty is the golden age of Laiwu Bangzi's development, and it is also the heyday of troupe and troupe. At that time, more than 10 classes were established in Taian, Laiwu, Xintai and other places in Shandong Province, and more than 400 actors were trained.

1874, Zhu Feng, a rich man in Zhangqiu, Shandong Province, held Xiaoyangchun class, and the teacher he hired was Zhuodang from Yizhou, Shandong Province. According to the introduction of later old artists, Xiaoyangchun Club has trained a large number of outstanding actors and performed a wide range of plays and activities. It is a very famous and important class club in the history of Laiwu Bangzi.

Mo Danzi, actor of Xiaoyangchun class, also known as "the last capsule", is a representative figure of Laiwu Bangzi's ancestors, and his surname is Chen Mingfuqing. Forced by life, when 10 was less than 0 years old, he secretly went to Zhangqiu's "Xiaoyangchun Class" to study drama. Because of his cleverness, modesty and eagerness to learn, he soon took classes and studied Hua Dan.

Chen Fuqing studied drama seriously, with a solid foundation and excellent singing and performance. His singing and performance have formed his own artistic style. Yougong, a well-educated woman, is good at rainbow pass, cherry beating and lotus pearl matching.

Folk also have jingles:

Children, children, don't cry, you will soon come out as "Uncle Mo Danzi"; I don't know if I can catch up with the magic egg.

It is said that a village woman heard that "Mo Danzi" was on the stage, picked up the child and ran to the theater. She accidentally tripped in the pumpkin patch. When she went to the theatre, she saw a pumpkin in her arms This shows Chen Fuqing's superb artistic charm.

1895, Tian Yongzi, an artist from Beishan, Miaoshan Town, Laicheng District, Laiwu City, Shandong Province, set up Changshun Class, and later set up dozens of classes including Qing Ji. The teachers in Changshun class are Tian Yongzi, Song Guichun and Zou Shunqing.

Hu is a very famous artist in Changshunban. His nickname is Hu Dacai. He is from Dongguan, Laiwu, Shandong. He is good at playing the red face business. His singing is clear and elegant, and his best play is the Tower of Babel.

There is also Qi Changgui, nicknamed "Bench", from Ligou, Gaozhuang, Laiwu, Shandong. He is good at beating Hua Dan. There is also Zhu, a native of Xihe River in Niyu, Daiyue District, Tai 'an, Shandong Province. He is good at playing big cards.

Qing Ji Class was founded near 1895 by artist He Changchun from Lucun, Yiyuan County, Shandong Province. The teachers in Qing Ji class are He Changchun, Zou Shunqing and Pan Gui. The famous artist of Qing Ji Class is Duan Hongbiao, whose stage name is "Hongfu" and nickname is "Duan". He is from Zhuangyan, Gangcheng District, Laiwu City, Shandong Province. He is good at playing the red face business, and his best play is Sean in The Fisherman Killed the Son.

There is also Sun Jingcheng, nicknamed "Suizi", a native of Lu Village, Yiyuan, Shandong Province, who is good at playing Erhualian. He is known as a living Zhou Cang because of his solid foundation and excellent singing and doing. Sun Jingcheng's famous plays include Battle of Luoyang and Seven Armies under Water.

Hengsheng Class is a class club founded by Fan Zhenfu and Liu Zhenyong in Daiyue District of Tai 'an City around 1905. The teachers in Hengsheng class are Zhao, Liu Fucai, Cui Mingde, Zou Shunqing and Zhao Guangping from Zoucheng.

Xiaochangshun Class is a class club founded by Lv Yongjia, an artist in the western suburb of Dawenkou Town, Daiyue District, Tai 'an City, Shandong Province, in Zhaizhuang Village, xintai city City, Shandong Province. Xiao Changshun's teachers are Lv Yongjia, Zhao Dianqi, Zhang Shuyuan and Zou Shunqing. Fu Shengban is a class club founded by Zhu Yang and Zhao Zongzuo in Daiyue District, Tai 'an City, Shandong Province on 1907. Fu Shengban's teachers are Qi Degui, Wang and Liu from Henan.

Qingfeng Education Society was founded by Liu Jia Liu Senlin and Xu Huandong in the east of Taishan District, Tai 'an City. The teachers of Qingfeng Education Society are Wang, Wang Zuoming, Sun Jingcheng and Ding. These four people specialize in teaching Bangzi opera. Zhao Guidong, Qingzhou native Gao Fengkui and Linqu Matongli are distinguished Peking Opera teachers, mainly teaching martial arts.

Xinghua Class was founded by Liu Helong, an artist from Fanzhen, Daiyue District, Tai 'an City, Shandong Province. The teachers of Xinghua class are Zou Kaixun, Xi Fengxian, Chen Fuquan and Gao Fengkui. Qing Ji Class is a class club founded by xintai city Nanshidian artist Lou Bao Yun. The teachers in Qing Ji class are Sun Jingcheng, Lv Yongjia, Hu, Luan.

Qing Ji Class was founded by Nanwangzhuang Wang, Gaozhuang Sub-district Office, Laicheng District, Shandong Province, with zip code 1934. Our teachers are Liu, Sun Jingcheng, Hu, Zhang Fengshui, impatiens, Guo and Wang Mazi.

These classes are regular class associations, and artists have been suspended for three years. Besides, there are some amateur classes.

The new Changshun class was founded by Zong Hengsen, an artist of Liu and Song Dynasties in Tai 'an City, Shandong Province. The teachers of the new Changshun class are Chen Fuquan and Ren Hongxi.

Yushunban is a jade generation class founded by Wang Jincheng, an artist from Zhangzhuang Village, Yiyuan County, Shandong Province. Yushunban's teachers are Asako, Li Guangjun and Zangren.

In addition, there is an auspicious word class set up by Nanma Changbai Yuhang in Yiyuan County, Shandong Province. The teachers are Fengxian, Sun Jingcheng, Chen Fuquan and Ding. The so-called "wardrobe" means that the people in charge of clothes in the troupe used to be artificial clothes.

The above categories are 14. Among them, there are 7 artists, 6 officials and costumes 1.

Later, according to the memories of the old artists, because the class owner of each class is different, the treatment and rules in all aspects are different. All the courses set by officials have been out of the department for more than three years.

Artists learn drama in ordinary classes, and employers have no worries about food and clothing and hire teachers. After studying drama for a while, I went out to sell drama performances, and all the income went to my master. After the three-year apprenticeship expires, artists can stay or work at will.

Courses formed by artists are generally set up with the help of artists, and most of them leave the courses after three years. Artists concentrate on studying for a few months, and then go out to perform, study and perform. After the expiration, the whole class will become a professional performance club, and the shares will be distributed according to the individual.

Some classes also implement the method of "three years and four years", that is, during the class period, artists do not receive income for three years, and the income for the fourth year goes to the class owner except for a small amount, so that artists can express their gratitude and reward to the class owner. After four years, artists can stay or stay at will.

At that time, the class rules were very strict, including "ten class rules" such as no bringing family members, no drinking on stage, no laughing and fighting.

Apprentices learn drama, because of cultural level, material conditions and other factors, there is neither script nor music score. It is very difficult for an actor to learn hundreds of plays and six or seven art forms from his master by memory and word of mouth. However, it is under difficult conditions that the apprentices insist on learning, which makes Laiwu Bangzi a famous drama.

From the end of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty to the eve of 1937, Laiwu Bangzi flourished. At that time, a large number of professional class clubs emerged in various places, and the performance activities were also very active, and the popular areas continued to expand.

During this period, Laiwu Bangzi was mainly active in Laiwu, Tai 'an and Xintai in Shandong Province. Later, it was popular in Rizhao, Shandong Province in the east, Pingyin, Shandong Province in the west, Linyi, Shandong Province in the south and Jinan, Shandong Province in the north, and was deeply loved by local people.

Laiwu bangzi