Gao Yaqi, deputy director of the Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, said: "The cold weather in winter is the high season for respiratory diseases such as colds, flu and pneumonia. Fever, cough and rapid heartbeat caused by various infections will increase the burden on the heart, while cold will stimulate the contraction of peripheral blood vessels, leading to increased burden on the heart and blood pressure fluctuation in patients with hypertension. All these factors can induce acute heart failure with high mortality. Therefore, often every time the weather gets cold, it may theoretically become a hurdle for patients with heart failure. "
How to prevent heart failure in winter? What should heart failure patients pay attention to in winter to reduce their attacks? Here is a detailed explanation for everyone:
1. Keep warm to avoid respiratory diseases.
Cold weather may stimulate coronary artery spasm and contraction, aggravate myocardial ischemia, induce angina pectoris and even myocardial infarction, thus increasing the probability of heart failure and sudden death in patients with coronary heart disease.
Clinically, many patients with heart failure have respiratory tract infection, especially some patients have improved symptoms such as fever and cough caused by cold or pneumonia, but asthma is getting more and more serious, which is easy to cause heart failure. This will also happen to some elderly people who usually have no history of heart disease. Everyone must be vigilant.
People with hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, cor pulmonale, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, valvular disease, anemia, and a history of sudden heart attack or cardiac insufficiency all belong to the high-risk group of heart failure, as do the elderly over 80 years old. These people should pay attention to prevent colds in winter, and they can be vaccinated against influenza to actively prevent upper respiratory tract infections and reduce the occurrence of heart failure.
2. Eat less and eat more meals, and eat easily digestible food.
Patients with heart disease are prone to gastrointestinal congestion and edema due to reduced blood circulation, which affects the digestion and absorption of food. Therefore, to choose easy-to-digest food, start with liquid and semi-liquid diet, and then switch to soft rice. In addition, patients with heart disease should not overeat. They should consume total heat energy 4-5 times a day, and eat early and light dinner.
3. Appropriate intake of high-calorie foods such as high-quality protein.
Patients with heart failure can eat some high-calorie foods in winter, among which high-quality protein is a better choice, and they can eat more high-quality protein such as fish and chicken. When heart failure occurs, the daily protein can be controlled at 25.30g and the thermal energy is 600kcal. After 2 3 days, protein can increase the heat energy to 4050g, and the heat energy is 1000~ 1500 kcal. Protein and thermal energy gradually increase after the condition improves, but should not be too high, so as not to increase the heart load.
Step 4 limit water and salt
If patients with severe heart failure have severe dyspnea and swollen legs and feet, they must drink less water. The drinking principle of patients with heart failure is to live within our means, and the output is greater than the input. It is recommended that patients with heart failure take a sip of water and drink it slowly. Don't drink three or four hundred milliliters at a time, and don't drink too much water without thirst.
In addition, patients with heart failure should also pay attention to salt intake and eat a low-salt diet. According to the degree of heart failure, the daily salt intake of patients should be controlled at 2.5-5 grams, and the daily salt intake of patients with severe heart failure should be controlled within 3 grams.
Step 5 Exercise moderately
Rest can obviously reduce the oxygen consumption of the body, which is beneficial to the regression of edema. For patients with acute and severe heart failure, they should stay in bed and pay attention to getting out of bed for proper activities, such as walking and playing Tai Ji Chuan. Exercise should be based on the principle of not being short of breath.
Patients with heart failure are not suitable for getting up early in the morning to exercise, because the cold in the morning is easy to induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents, so you can choose to exercise when the biological clock is the most stable at around 4 pm every day. Hypertension patients often get up early in winter, and their blood pressure is unstable. At this time, exercise may also induce heart disease, so it is recommended to exercise properly after 10 am. At the same time, don't use too much force during exercise, pay attention to the changes of mood, especially in winter, people's limbs are prone to stiffness, so don't do strenuous exercise.
Monitor weight
Daily weight measurement is very important for early detection of fluid retention. If you suddenly gain more than 2 kg in 3 days, you should consider sodium and water retention (latent edema), need diuretics or increase the dosage of diuretics, and find a specialist to adjust medication when necessary to reduce the frequency of heart failure.
In daily life, in order to strengthen the prevention of heart failure, we should first strengthen the self-management of patients with heart failure, and then combine family management, community management and doctor management to do a good job in conditioning heart failure.
Heart failure attack, how to carry out family first aid?
1, tell the patient to be calm and not nervous. Emotional excitement caused by any reason can increase myocardial oxygen consumption and further aggravate the condition of heart failure.
2, the key measures: let the patient sit down. You can sit by the bed, or in a chair, with your legs drooping naturally, or on a small bench. This posture can effectively reduce the backflow of blood from the venous system to the heart and reduce the burden on the heart.
Call the emergency number and go to the hospital in time.