189 1 year, Kang Youwei, a modern bourgeois reformist in China, rented some houses in Qiu's study room in the provincial capital to give lectures, propagandized the reform ideas, and became the birthplace of the Reform Movement of 1898.
Chinese name: Wanmu Caotang mbth: Wanmu Academy Location: No.3 Li Changxing, No.4 Zhongshan Road, covering an area of 663m2 Opening hours: 9: 00-12: 00; 14:00— 17:00 (closed on Monday) scenic spot level: Guangdong cultural relics protection unit ticket price: 0? Famous scenic spot: autumn sculpture? Country to which Kangliang Sculpture belongs: China City to which it belongs: Required reading before departure in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, scenic spot dynamics, scenic spot introduction, key information, history, lecture scope and state change. Qiu Historical Library was built in the 9th year of Jiaqing, Qing Dynasty (1804), facing west to east. It is an ancestral hall building with three entrances, two wells and a hard roof. It is a combination of western architecture in Luoyang, Henan and Lingnan architecture. Lu grey pipe tile, with grey plastic on both sides, blue brick wall and stone foot, brick and wood structure, width15.8m, depth 35.3m, covering an area of about 663m2. The facade is15.8m wide, with the word "autumn study room" engraved on the doorway, and three frames about 5m deep 12. There are three rooms in nave, about 3 rooms wide and 8.5 meters deep, with 15 frames, stone eaves columns, wooden gold columns and bucket beams. The back hall is three rooms wide and three rooms are about 9 meters deep, with a total of 18 squares, and there are two corridors in front. In the 9th year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1804), the proposal of Zengcheng to be a juror of Qiu Jue (Hong) was decided by the Qiu clan in ten prefectures of Guangdong Province, and it consisted of Zengcheng County, Yangshan County, Ruyuan County, Pingyuan County, Boluo County, Heyuan County, dapu county, zhenping county, Conghua County and Huayuan County. Because the retrocession of Qiu family is a branch of Qiu family in Henan province, Henan hall is the hall number. After the Sino-French War, Kang Youwei rented the Autumn Academy as a lecture school in 189 1 (the 17th year of Guangxu), founded a 10,000-acre thatched cottage, gathered disciples to give lectures, publicized reformist ideas and carried out political activities, which became the source of the Reform Movement of 1898. 1892, 10,000 mu of thatched cottage was moved to Kuang's Ancestral Hall in Bian Wei Street (now near Guangwei Road). 1893, Inshiduo moved to Yanggao Temple in Gong Xue, Guangfu (now the First Workers' Cultural Palace in Guangzhou, Wen Ming Road). Traditionally, the schools run by Kang Youwei in these three sites are collectively called "ten thousand mu thatched cottage". Kang Youwei was born in a scholarly family. He comes from a broad and profound family and has read some western books at home. He has great ambitions since he was a child. At the age of 19, he studied under Zhu Ciqi, a famous Confucian at that time, and studied hard for three years. Later, I traveled to Hong Kong and Shanghai and came into contact with a lot of western books. Self-proclaimed "new and thoughtful, wonderful and refined, reading and thinking, great progress." (Chronicle of Kang Nanhai) Facing the profound crisis of the nation, he sprouted the idea of learning from the West, carrying out political reform and reform, and saving the national crisis. /kloc-in the winter of 0/888 (the 14th year of Guangxu), Kang Youwei resolutely wrote to Emperor Guangxu in Beijing as a cloth man, demanding political reform. Not only was there no result, but it was also laughed at. 1890 (16th year of Guangxu) In the spring, his family moved to Guangzhou and began to give lectures. Because of his great fame in cloth writing, Chen and Liang Qichao, who were studying at Xuehaitang Academy at that time, came to seek profits one after another, impressed by his knowledge and willing to be disciples. At this time, young students are also attracted by the news. At the invitation of Chen and Liang, Kang Youwei rented the Changxing Qiushi Bookstore, officially opened the school building and created a 10,000-mu thatched cottage. At the beginning of the establishment of the 10,000-acre thatched cottage, Kang Youwei advocated "breaking the old framework and opening up a unique new theory". The name of Caotang means to cultivate thousands of trees and talents for the country. 189 1 In March, Kang Youwei wrote "The Study of Changxing" as the study criterion of the 10,000-acre thatched cottage, and took the Analects of Confucius as the key link to conduct a comprehensive education for students. In moral education, Kang Youwei advocates strict discipline, cautious independence, quiet rest, nourishing the heart, respecting dignity, filial piety, caring for others, being hungry with the same body and other traditional moral accomplishments. The content of traditional moral cultivation is still not divorced from feudal education, but his purpose is to inspire honesty, carry forward the spirit and make a fortune. In terms of intellectual education, Wanmu Caotang set up four courses at that time: the study of Confucian classics, the study of statecraft, the study of textual research and the study of diction. The study of righteousness and reason includes Confucianism, Buddhism, the study of Zhou and Qin philosophers, Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, and Taixi philosophy. Practical learning includes the study of political principles, the gains and losses of political evolution in China, the gains and losses of political evolution in various countries, political application, and the study of groups. Textual research, including China's Confucian classics, history, world history, geography, mathematics and philosophy. The study of characters (the study of ci chapters) includes the study of ci chapters in China and the study of foreign languages and characters. Although these courses are mainly traditional academic, they are in sharp contrast with the traditional schools specializing in stereotyped writing at that time. In sports, besides physical education class, Kang Youwei also combined sports with etiquette, incorporated sports into etiquette music, and held military exercises and shooting exercises. Kang Youwei, with the help of his disciples, compiled the Textual Research on New Learning and the Textual Research on Confucius' Reform, trying to reform the ancient system, publicizing the theory of modern Confucian classics and advocating reform. At first, the number of students was less than 20, and later it increased to more than 100, and a number of famous talents were trained, among which Liang Qichao, Mai and Xu Qin became the backbone of the Reform Movement of 1898. 1894, Kang Youwei went to Beijing to take the exam, which was once suspended. There will be a short lecture after 1896. It is precisely because Wanmu Caotang is based on Confucianism, Buddhism and Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties and is used by psychology and western learning that its lectures are quite distinctive. This is manifested in: first, the combination of Chinese and western academics. While he was teaching philosophical theory, he also talked about Tessie philosophy. When we talk about textual research, classics and writing, we often add western contents such as world history, geography, mathematics, geography, foreign languages and writing. Second, pay attention to sports. Besides physical education class, Kang Youwei also combined sports with etiquette, integrated sports into etiquette music, and held military exercises and shooting exercises. Third, admire Confucian classics. Kang Youwei believes that the ancient classics of China advocated by the rulers of past dynasties are all "false classics", which were forged by Liu Xin at the end of the Western Han Dynasty to "decorate the classics to help the inverse" and provide theoretical basis for Wang Mang to establish a "new" dynasty, so it should be called "new learning"; The "false classics" fabricated by the "new learning" under the false trust of saints completely lost the original intention of Confucius to "speak with righteousness" and "reform the ancient system" Kang Youwei used textual research to distinguish the authenticity of modern Confucian classics and criticized the ancient Confucian classics advocated by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, so as to shake the theoretical basis of feudalism, attack the ideological roots of the die-hards' "ancestral religion" and clear the ideological obstacles for the reform and reform. Fourth, attach importance to Lu Wang's thought. When Kang Youwei taught Neo-Confucianism in Wanmu Caotang, he focused on Lu Jiuyuan's and Wang Shouren's psychology, which is also an important part of Wanmu Caotang's lectures. When Liang Qichao wrote his disciples in the thatched cottage, he asked Kang Youwei for "learning strategies". Kang Youwei immediately replied: first teach Wang Lu Xin Xue, and then talk about some history and western learning. This is because the scholars at that time, without ambition and knowledge, were mercenary and their thoughts were bound by Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism. When he talked about psychology, he emphasized the spirit, moral education and people's subjective spirit, thus cultivating a number of famous talents for reform and reform, such as Chen, Liang Qichao, Xu Qin, Han Wenju, Cao Tai and Mai. Because the ten thousand mu thatched cottage clearly put forward the purpose of running a school and adopted the educational content of paying equal attention to China and the West. It had a great influence on the college teaching at that time. Later, Liang Qichao gave lectures in Hunan, and basically inherited the spirit of running a school of ten thousand mu thatched cottage. State transition 1954, Guangzhou Real Estate Administration took over 10,000 mu of thatched cottage. After liberation, the 10,000-acre thatched cottage once became the workshop of Dongfeng Lock Factory. Later, it became a miscellaneous house where 44 families lived. Residents repaired toilets and hit walls inside, which seriously damaged the building structure. Only the wall was damaged by 20%, and many building components and cultural relics were damaged or lost. August 3rd19.83 million mu thatched cottage was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Guangzhou. In 2004, Guangzhou invested 6.5438+0.3 million yuan, moved out more than 40 households, completely renovated the thatched cottage, and planned to build the 10,000-mu thatched cottage into Yuexiu District Museum, displaying cultural relics and historical materials of Kang Youwei and other historical figures. In 2006, Guangzhou Urban Reconstruction Company combined with the reconstruction project of Zhongshan No.4 Road, and in accordance with the principle of "not changing the original state of cultural relics", invested more than 2.3 million yuan to comprehensively repair the old building of 10,000 mu of Caotang, and the main building of the old site was basically restored to its original appearance. After the renovation was completed in September 2007, it has been surrounded by surrounding temporary buildings and illegal buildings. The relevant departments demolished the surrounding unsightly buildings, and the century-old thatched cottage was able to "see the light of day". On June 14, 2008, the newly renovated 10,000-acre thatched cottage was reopened to the public free of charge on the occasion of the third cultural heritage day in China. 20 12, 10 year120 October became the cultural relics protection unit of Guangdong province. Guangdong cultural relics protection units 20 16 and 10 are listed as patriotic education bases in Guangzhou. Guangzhou patriotism education base