Basic introduction Chinese name: bear alias: Xiong Weigen Nationality: China Nationality: birthplace of Han nationality: Ganquan, Jiangsu (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu) Date of birth: 1887 Date of death:1965438+February 27, 2000 Graduation school: Anhui Military Training School, Nanyang Artillery College Related events: Introduction to the uprising figures of Ma Paoying, uprising. He has participated in Anhui Wang Yuehui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Guangfu Association and other revolutionary groups. 1907 After the failure of the Anqing Uprising in Xu Xilin, Yue decided to launch another uprising, and he was promoted to the commander-in-chief of the uprising. /kloc-in the winter of 0/908, the Qing court ordered the Nanyang New Army and the Hubei New Army to gather in Taihu Lake, Anhui Province to hold autumn exercises. When Guangxu and Cixi died one after another, they took the opportunity to launch the Anhui New Army uprising and fled to Tokyo after the failure. Xiong returned to China in 19 10 and went to the northeast to carry out revolutionary activities. 1910 65438+10. In October, Xiong conspired to bomb the Qing court's inspector, Zai Xun, and Sa Zhenbing, and Xiong was arrested on June 30, 65438 because of his greed for officials and officials. In prison, Xiong Zishu confessed: "I died a day earlier today, and our tree of freedom was stained with blood a day earlier;" Draw blood one day earlier, flourish one day earlier and blossom one day earlier. "19 10 On February 27th, Xiong, who had organized the Anqing Uprising, said before his execution," This life is over. When I die, I hope that the prosperity of China will advance day by day. "Uprising flag bearer Xiong, 1887, a native of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, has lived with his father in Anhui since childhood.
Xiong studied private school and medicine when he was a child. When I was young, I liked the army. I often ride horses, fencing and read military records. He revered Yue Fei and Shi Kefa, national heroes in history. He once said to people, "It is shameful that a gentleman cannot contribute to his country. Now that the country is weak and bullied by foreign powers, only by practicing martial arts in the army can we avenge the country. " Later, he entered Anhui Anqing Military Training School to study military affairs and was determined to serve the motherland.
Soon, the military training school was closed. Xiong left Anqing to enlist in Jiangsu. Xiong attended the Guangfu Association at the end of 1905. 1906, Xiong Jicheng graduated from the artillery crash school; In the spring of the same year, introduced by Zhao Sheng, he joined the League. Xiong Jicheng Statue 1907, Xiong Jicheng was transferred back to Anqing as an officer of Maying Team of 3 1 Mixed City Association. He continued to secretly carry out revolutionary propaganda activities in the new army, develop organizations, unite revolutionary forces, and run for contact in preparation for the uprising. In July of the same year, Xu Xilin's uprising in Anqing failed. Xiong, Fan Chuanjia and others were extremely indignant at Xu Xilin's murder and decided to launch an uprising in Anqing again. At that time, Ni Yingdian, Xiong and Fan Chuanjia were the main leaders of Anhui Anqing Branch. They thought that if the revolution was to succeed, it was necessary to use force, so they decided to take the new army as their main goal. They organized activities to actively publicize revolutionary ideas in the new army and develop party member. The rapid development of revolutionary forces laid the foundation for the uprising of Anqing New Army.
1908 1 191October 19, Xiong held a secret military meeting in Kaotang, thinking that time was tight and it was necessary to make a detailed uprising plan to prepare for the uprising. The plan is to take the artillery battalion and the horse camp as the main force of the rebel army, and first uprising outside the city; Xue Zhe led the second infantry battalion to meet Fan Chuangu's engineering team in the city; After the invasion of Anqing, as a rebel base, he rushed to Taihu Lake overnight, arrested Yin Chang and Duan Fang, the ministers who reviewed the autumn performance, and called on the new troops who participated in the autumn performance to participate in the uprising. At the meeting, Xiong was elected commander-in-chief of Anqing Revolutionary Army, responsible for commanding the whole army. Xiong announced at the meeting that he had drawn up the operational secret order 13 and decided to revolt that night.
Let's work separately as planned. That night, Xu Zhaobo, an officer of the left artillery battalion, reported to the city. After receiving the tip-off, Zhu Jiabao ordered the city gate to be closed, and mobilized troops to strengthen the city defense and strictly control it.
At 9 o'clock that night, Xiong announced an uprising in the artillery battalion, and the soldiers actively participated. Chen Changyong, who was in charge of the artillery battalion, came to stop him and was killed by Zhang He's soldiers with a bolt. The rebel army immediately set fire to the artillery camp, sending a signal to the battalions of the uprising and marching toward the north gate. The horse camp, which has already been prepared, also raised the torch as a signal and acted synchronously. Ma Ying revolutionaries Tian Jiyang, Zhou Zhengfeng and others suggested that the artillery battalion take Chris Lee to participate in the uprising. After being rejected, Chris Lee ran away from the window. Tian Jiyang and others set fire to Maying and headed for the north gate. Xiong commanded the artillery to create a villain and meet up, then went to the Army Primary School to get a gun, and then went straight to the Hu Ling Mouth ammunition depot about 5 miles from the north gate to get bullets and shells. Then, use gunpowder to blast the front and rear doors of the 62nd Bid 3rd Battalion and kill the platoon leader Zhou Tianchang and others who stopped the uprising. The front, left, right and trench teams of the 3rd Battalion stationed outside the city echoed the uprising. At the same time, the wall of 6 1 Biaoying was destroyed, and the frightened 6 1 Biaoying Jiang and Quan knelt on the roadside to meet the insurgents. Most of the 3rd Battalion in the whole bid echoed the uprising, and the uprising army was huge, advancing to the north gate and east gate of Anqing City.
Xiong led the insurgents from all walks of life to approach the city wall, that is, they deployed siege, artillery occupied the original positions of highland and artillery battalion near Yingjiang Temple, fired at the governor's yamen and the viceroy's office, infantry attacked the northeast corner of the city, cavalry and the trench team attacked the northwest corner, and prepared to enter Anqing City while it was dark.
Xue Zhe, who agreed to be a city guard, reacted slowly. Hearing the dense gunfire outside the city, he sent two teams to the north gate and the east gate, ready to open the city gate to meet him. When Zhu Jiabao saw that he had sent heavy troops to guard the city gate, he knew that he was outnumbered and stopped his action, so that the rebels could not take care of each other from beginning to end.
Fan Chuanjia was stationed in the Guandi Temple Engineering Team in the city, and was closely watched by the officers in the team, so he could not see him. Fan Chuanjia used his quick wits to rush out in the chaos and set fire to the temple. However, many fires were set, but they were discovered and put out by reactionary officers. All revolutionaries were imprisoned in the barracks of Guandi Temple, unable to move. Zhang Jinfu, a revolutionary in Wujiang Hall, heard the gunfire outside the city, and prepared to lead the people to rush out to meet the rebels who besieged the city. Due to the lack of weapons and ammunition, and under the close surveillance of reactionary officers, he was unable to fight back. In this way, Hui's original plan to attack the city and open the city gate fell through.
Outside the city, the rebels fought until midnight, and Xiong led a team to Sifang City in the northwest corner of the city, where the city roots were high and easy to climb. Bear organized death squads to take turns to attack the city, and the Qing army tried its best to resist. Xiong saw that many times of storming failed, so he made the rebels pretend to be scouts and Taihu guards twice and tried to blend into the city, but both failed.
Due to the failure of the revolutionaries in the city, although the insurgents outside the city bravely attacked the city, they eventually lost because of insufficient ammunition. Chu Cai and three warships moored on the Anqing River were lured by Zhu Jiabao's threat, abandoned the previous agreement, turned the muzzle and stormed the rebel positions. At this time, Zhu Jiabao's reinforcements transferred from Taihu Lake are approaching the suburbs. Under the command of Da Hong, the Qing army in the city attacked the rebels with gunboats in the river. The rebels were caught between Scylla and Charybdis, so Xiong had to order his troops to retreat to Jixian Pass. After deliberation, it was decided to take Luzhou as the base first, and then contact the revolutionary forces of Fengyang and Yingzhou to advance to the Central Plains. The Qing court urgently dispatched troops from Anhui and surrounding provinces to pursue and intercept the rebels. After the insurgents crossed Shucheng, they were divided into three roads, and retreated to Luzhou, Shouzhou and Lu 'an respectively. Xiong led the team to Luzhou, and defeated the pursuers led by Jiang Guiti many times along the way, but suffered from the lack of assistance in the war along the way, and the team was lost from time to time. At the end of Luzhou, there were only more than 300 people left, and the rest had to be dissolved. The other two roads were also scattered by the Qing army. This is how the Anqing Mafaoying uprising, which shocked the whole country, failed. As many as 300 people in the province were involved in the uprising.
After the failure of Anqing uprising, Xiong evaded Anqing for a few days with the help of the revolutionary family, and returned to the uprising site in disguise. Xiong learned that most of his comrades in the uprising died at the same time, and the artillery battalion was dissolved. He left Anqing with regret and deep feelings and went to his aunt's house in Wuhu. Later, because of the tight wind, his aunt helped him disguise himself as a monk, fled to the north, trudged all the way from Yantai, Shandong Province to Dalian, and arrived at the seat of the China League in Tokyo, Japan at the beginning of 1909, alias Long Gan, and became an exiled revolutionary.
/kloc-0 In the spring of 909, Xiong accepted the assignment of Huang Xing and returned to China. In order to complete the task of raising money and preparing for the uprising, Xiong and members of the League ventured to the three northeastern provinces in September. Xiong Jicheng lived in Zang Guansan's family through Zang Keming, the son of Zang Guansan and an international student at Tokyo Zhicheng School. Zang Guansan is a profiteer. He told Jilin Provincial Governor Chen He Xiong that he was arrested in Harbin in June 19 10. Liao, a member of the League, and other members of the League, such as Shang Zhen, who are active in the three northeastern provinces, tried to rescue the bear in many ways, but failed.
In prison, Xiong denounced the reactionary rule of the Qing Dynasty and dictated his personal revolutionary interests and experiences. In prison, he wrote thousands of words of "confessions", and his revolutionary purpose was "to overthrow * * and reform politics, not to mention the views of Manchu and Han races". He thought that the revolution was bound to bleed, and warned Qing * *: "Never kill our party, the more you kill it, the more you die." Chen asked him to sign the surrender book, and Xiong finally wrote the word "revolution". This is a protest against the enemy and an entrustment to future generations!
19 10 On February 27th, the revolutionary Xiong, who was only 23 years old, was taken to the execution ground outside Barkhumen, Jilin City. Before his execution, he proudly took the execution ground as a platform, once again loudly accused Qing * * * of corruption, and called on the people to unite for revolution, overthrow Qing * * and create a free and democratic republic. Say it, be generous. Bear Martyrs Memorial Stamp Bear Statue Sun Yat-sen's Funeral Former Residence Bear's former residence is located at No.6 Weijiajing near Dongguan Street in the urban area, which is a municipal cultural relics protection unit. Entering the former residence, the first thing you see is the exhibition hall. In this small exhibition hall, there are many graphic exhibition boards hanging on the walls around. Among these exhibition boards, there are photos of the revolutionary conference venue, photos of Xiong's vigorous participation in the revolution, photos of his imprisonment after his arrest, and bills of the traitors who sold the bear to receive the bounty ... Almost all the revolutionary deeds that Xiong Jicheng experienced in his life can be found in these exhibition cards. Xiong's former residence "This is his fiancee, because he has never been married." On the south wall of the exhibition hall, the reporter saw a photo of an old lady. The commentator told the reporter that the old lady in the photo is Shun Qin Yi. At that time, the bear's coffin came ashore from Xining Gate and stopped at Shi Kefa's ancestral home. Cheng Shunyi knelt in front of the bear's coffin, holding the tablet of the bear martyr, crying and saying, "Shunyi was betrothed to you as a wife when she was young, but you died heroically." Shunyi admires your brilliant performance of dying for your country and is unwilling to break the contract. Today, I will marry you and be a widow voluntarily, which will accompany you for the rest of your life. " Say that finish, take the spirit tablet to meet the bride and get married. Later, Cheng Shunyi took off her wedding dress and put on mourning clothes to wake the bear. The reporter saw in Xiong's former residence that the first entrance was the "Historical Materials Exhibition Hall of Xiong's Life", with an exhibition area of about 170 square meters. Among all the exhibits, Xiong's confession from the book in prison was the most shocking and heroic: "I died a day earlier today, and our tree of freedom got blood a day earlier;" Draw blood one day earlier, flourish one day earlier and bloom one day earlier. " There is also the powerful sentence before Xiong's execution: "This life is over. I am dead, and I hope that the prosperity of China will advance day by day. " The staff told reporters that this confession was copied from the Jilin Provincial Archives where Xiong died, which could not be found in other parts of the country. In addition, there is a saber here, which is the original knife of the Qing army officer in Mafoying, Anqing. Although this saber is a replica, its shape is exactly the same as that of a bear, and visitors can get a glimpse of the bear's military life. Opposite the entrance of the exhibition hall is a rectangular glass window with books that Xiong Jicheng read when he was young. These books, including Ten Days in Yangzhou, Revolutionary Army, Chinese Soul, and Sudden Turn Back, are all books promoting the revolution at that time. It is under the influence of these books that Xiong, regardless of his life, resolutely joined the revolution and gave his life to promote the victory of the revolution. In addition to all kinds of graphic materials, the most striking thing in the bear bust photo exhibition is a bust. The reporter saw at the scene that the statue was placed in the innermost part of the exhibition hall and was a bust of the bear martyr. It is understood that the statue was created in its heyday. Before that, he had once sculpted a statue for the Martyrs Cemetery, which was the second sculpture. Compared with previous statues, this statue mainly reflects the just image of the bear before his death. Xiong Jicheng was only 23 years old when he died. The statues in the Martyrs Cemetery mainly reflect Xiong's fortitude and firmness, as well as his sincere feelings for the nation and his heart of serving the country. Now 15 years have passed, and Chang Zaisheng, who carved the bear statue, learned the spirit of being fearless in times of crisis from the bear and gave him a new sculpture. Today's statues, in the eyes of bears, are not only solemn and stirring, but also longing. Xiong's former residence is located at the southernmost tip of Xiong's former residence, which is a column of historical materials of Xiong's life. In the exhibition hall, the reporter saw a piece of exhibition board recording the life story of the bear hanging on the wall. Below the display board is the display window of the articles used by Xiong before his death, showing his confession in prison and the saber he used to participate in the revolution. In addition, there is an image playing room at the end of the exhibition hall, which is mainly used to play audio-visual materials related to bears. Walking into the former residence, you can see the words that Sun Yat-sen gave to the bear hanging in the exhibition hall: the tragic hero is not in the air, but in the whistling wind. In the middle of the building, there is a black plaque on the red background of the "Three Provinces Hall", and below it is a landscape calligraphy and painting, with mountains and rivers flowing. On both sides of the calligraphy and painting, there is a poem written by Zhang Qian, a poet of the Song Dynasty, entitled "Snow with Zhou Dengxue after Rain": "The mountains are clean, and the Bijiang River is endless with new water." There are desks and chairs in Qing dynasty style under the calligraphy and painting. The dedicated shrine for martyrs is located in the west of Yingjiang Temple, Anqing. As we all know, this ancestral hall was built to commemorate the martyrs Xiong and Fan Chuanjia who led Ma Baoying's uprising in Anqing. It has a history of one hundred years. It is also the only memorial hall of the Revolution of 1911 in China. Xiongfaner Martyrs Cemetery Xiongfaner Martyrs Cemetery is located at Jiangyan East Road 150. The original building was 4 halls and 3 halls, but now it is 3 halls and 3 halls. The special shrine is located in a hard mountain with a brick-wood structure facing south and a single roof, covering an area of about 1945 square meters. There are three doors in the lobby 1 ground floor. The front door is inlaid with white marble doorknobs, which are engraved with seven powerful regular script "Xiong Faner Martyrs' Special Shrine", and the edge of the doorknobs is embossed with moire. The left and right doorways are marked with "Ming Xun" and "Ji Jian" respectively. The area is 20m wide and the depth is 1 1 m. There are long corridors on the east, west and upper sides of the back of the temple. Go through the front hall, through the patio and up the stairs, and you can get to the Guangsi Hall in the back hall. Formerly known as Ciyun Temple, it was built in the 16th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1659), and was converted into Han Ying Yingguo Palace in the 27th year of Guangxu (190 1). In the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), the ancestral hall of Xiong and Fan Chuanjia martyrs was rebuilt in Doudufu, Anhui.