Dongxiang nationality in Gansu has its own national characteristics and culture. Their culture is so long that people can't help but want to explore one after another. "Food is the most important thing for the people". Of course, Dongxiang nationality is no exception. Their long-standing culture has created a rich diet culture. Do you want to know the different daily diets of Dongxiang people?

Daily meal

Dongxiang people's daily diet is mainly wheat, highland barley, corn, beans, millet, buckwheat, flax and "Dongxiang potatoes", which are delicious and delicious. Dongxiang potato is rich in water, sweet and sandy, and high in starch. Dongxiang people often take potatoes as snacks, vinegar, vermicelli and other foods, which are deeply loved by people.

Non-staple foods are tender and mellow "stacked sheep", cattle, chickens, eggs, vegetables and fruits. They eat three meals a day, and cooking with a variety of raw materials is a prominent feature of their diet. Such as highland barley fried noodles, mixed with sesame seeds to cook thick soup; After the ears of wheat are tender and ripe, they are ground into "wheat straw" and mixed with stir-fried dishes, oil peppers and garlic paste. Mixing highland barley and soybean, grinding into powder, and mixing with acid water to make dough; Stir the flour into paste, add potato pieces and sour water to make "scattered rice". Add leeks, carrots, pickles, green onions, peppers, garlic paste and acid water into the thick batter to make a "mixing ball". "Rehoboam porridge" is made of various grains, including the soup of cattle, sheep, head and hoof.

Dongxiang people's diet is also a single ingredient, such as the bottom of the pot after highland barley is fermented, Guo Qiong steamed buns after hard dough is put into the pot, the bud flavor of germinated wheat after being ground into paste, rice nests in double-layer pancakes, and rice noodle nests baked in the kang cave after millet flour is stirred into paste with boiling water. Because a lot of grain has to be crushed in advance, every family in Dongxiang has a pair of exquisite small stone mills.

In daily diet, Dongxiang people have a special preference for potato products, which is almost inseparable from diet. At the same time, baking in the ashes of kang fire, sometimes on the fire, sometimes fried with shredded mutton, sometimes cooked with highland barley powder, sauerkraut and garlic paste, is really a changing process.

Dietary pattern

Dongxiang people eat three meals a day and sit cross-legged around the kang table. Women usually eat at different tables. Guests must sit on the kang when they get home. Then entertain the guests with teacups, cakes, straws, fried potatoes with Chili peppers, etc. "Maisuo" is a kind of food with Dongxiang flavor. Immature barley or barley is picked and steamed. Make a chopstick-head-sized cylinder with a small stone mill, and then mix with garlic and Chili powder to eat. With unique local characteristics, it is a precious food for Dongxiang people to entertain guests.

Sometimes they also entertain customers with food such as oil, mutton and chicken. Dongxiang people attach great importance to entertaining guests with chickens. The host must respect the guests and let them eat the chicken tail first. If the guest refuses, it is impolite and will cause the host's unhappiness. The burial custom of Dongxiang nationality is also very unique. The host entertained the male guests. Generally speaking, the host will add tea and vegetables to the guests on the edge of the kang. They don't sit or eat alone, and women usually avoid them. The hostess entertains the guests, and the hostess can sit down and have dinner with the guests.

Dongxiang's meat food

Dongxiang meat products, especially hand-grabbed mutton, are very distinctive. If you eat sheep, the whole sheep will be cooked in the pot. Put the chopped viscera into a bowl, mix with ginger rice, pepper, onion and salt, and steam in a cage. When eating, the whole sheep's fur will be put on first, so there is a saying that "the fur put on first is more fragrant than the meat put on later" When the whole sheep is served on the table, all parts should be put on the table one by one, so that the things on the table are complete.

Add a little lean meat and various seasonings to the mutton soup, and finally add "full fat". Now Dongxiang people have changed this way of eating to catch mutton, which is popular all over the country. Another example is chicken, which is usually divided into chicken head, crotch, thigh, spoon meat, wishbone, chicken wings, chicken head, etc. 13. Old people eat big pieces, young people eat small pieces, and chicken strips are the most valuable. Generally speaking, only the guests at the table and the elderly are eligible to enjoy it.

Dongxiangde banquet

Dongxiang's banquet is also very distinctive. Every festival has a "Gulong Yi Jie Banquet", which means "eating spaghetti". The main foods are fried oil flavor, sesame sauce, shortcake, medium cake, Shiha, shabu-shabu, buckwheat pancakes, bean sprouts, rice noodle nests and so on.

In addition, we also need to eat a special delicious meat porridge, similar to the meat and oil rice that the Hui people like to eat. Dongxiang people call it "Rehoboam". Its practice is to add wheat, highland barley, broad beans, lentils, corn and shredded pork to the broth and boil it into a delicious paste. If soaked in oil, this is the best food for Dongxiang people. When the guests arrive, they all go to Kang, and the host is responsible for entertaining and not accompanying them. Before the banquet, the venerable old man gave a eulogy, and everyone listened attentively. This is the end of the sentence. After that, everyone ate and talked about mountains, the South China Sea and the North Sea. This is the theory. The greater the appetite, the calmer the mood, the happier the host will be, which shows that the food is exquisite, the guests are satisfied and hospitable.

"End the whole sheep" is a grand etiquette for Dongxiang people to entertain distinguished guests. The "whole sheep" of Dongxiang nationality does not mean putting the cooked whole sheep on the dining table, but gradually putting the neck, ribs, front legs, rear legs and tail on a plate according to the parts of the whole sheep. Picky people entertain guests, and sometimes they fry pork liver to serve, which is the so-called "mutton kebabs". "Mutton kebabs taste like meat on both sides" is a proverb of Dongxiang nationality.

Have a cocktail party. According to Dongxiang people, the top of a chicken is its head. When visiting Dongxiang nationality, the host will serve the guests according to the identity of the newcomer. Give your seat first, let the elderly guests sit in the middle of the table, and then the host will make a "three-bubble table" and cover the guests with tea. After drinking three rounds of tea, a young man brought oil, which was yellow and crisp, followed by wool, stir-fry and mutton. The last course must be chicken.

When Dongxiang people eat chicken, they will ask the imam to kill the chicken and cook it, and then cut it into 13 pieces according to the parts of the chicken. First cut off two legs, two legs and two spoonfuls of chicken, then cut the chicken wings and legs into four pieces, cut the fork meat on the chicken breast into two pieces, and the remaining piece is the tail bone or the head of the chicken.

According to the qualifications of the guests, after the cut chicken pieces are eaten, the host will give some chicken pieces to the most distinguished guests. The guests who tip don't eat immediately, but pick up the tip to show their courtesy to those who they think are prestigious and their peers. Generally speaking, guests attending dinner parties show courtesy to each other. This is a polite procedure, which adds a warm greeting and a humble atmosphere.

However, no one can accept polite tips. If someone eats chicken wings on Dongxiang noodles, it means that he represents the guests at the dinner table and accepts the host's hospitality. This shows that he is the host and guest, and today's banquet is prepared for his arrival. The guests who eat chicken wings are also very satisfied and proud of being respected by the guests.

There is also a story about how to eat cocktail parties. It is said that a long time ago, a Dongxiang nationality invited a celebrity from Waizhuang village and a gentleman from the village to their home. Surprisingly, the chicken head at the party was rudely eaten by the village gentleman. The guests from another village left immediately, thinking they were distinguished guests and wanted to eat the head of a chicken. The result was eaten by others, indicating that his personality was not respected and he left angrily. After the incident, the respected man made a judgment. Finally, the gentleman in this village got an S.

In the spare time life of Dongxiang people, a dozen people who get along well often have the habit of "tying the knot", that is, except one person who has no money to work, everyone else shares a sheep with his master. In the future, each family will take turns to make decisions. If Dong Dan takes out his sheep and folds them into money and food, they will share them. When cooking, the host should prepare sesame oil, steamed bread and tea with a bowl of tea. He wants to cook the mutton and divide it into six pieces: breast meat, pork, ribs, front leg meat, hind leg meat and tail meat, and then pile them into a pile, one for each person.

Chopped mutton offal and neck meat are boiled into soup, which is also a big bowl for everyone. You can take it home if you can't finish it. Besides a piece of meat and a bowl of soup, the owner got sheepskin. When eating, everyone "chats" happily while eating. No matter how long it takes, the master will take care of it to the end. This gathering shows Dongxiang farmers' psychology of seeking friendship and support, and their desire for equal cooperation and good-neighborly relations.

Daily drink

Dongxiang people like drinking tea. They like to drink Yunnan spring tea and Shaanxi green tea. Guests will enjoy "three fragrant teas". Ordinary people can't drink tea every meal. Most people make tea in bowls, and some people like to make tea in small teapots. When the demand for tea is in short supply, people will also pick some local hay as tea. Dongxiang people call drinking tea "scraping bowls", which means not only drinking tea, but also chatting. Tea, rock sugar, longan or red dates, raisins, dried apricots, etc. Put them all in a bowl of tea, which is called a' three-bubble table'.