Potato, also known as potato (scientific name: Solanum tuberosum, English: potato). Potato is one of the five staple foods in China, with high nutritional value, strong adaptability and large yield. It is the third most important food crop in the world, second only to wheat and corn. Potatoes are tubers and can be used as medicine. It is flat and sweet, and can treat stomach pain, tuberculosis, carbuncle and other diseases. As food, its storage period should not be too long, and it must be kept at low temperature, dry and sealed. Throughout China, potatoes are called potato in the northeast, potato in the north, potato in the northwest, potato in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, potato in Guangdong and Hongkong.
Question 2: What's the difference between potatoes, sweet potatoes, sweet potatoes and potatoes? Potatoes and potatoes are the same thing, but they are called differently.
Sweet potato and sweet potato are also the same variety, but the colors are different. Sweet potatoes are white and orange. It is called sweet potato in Minnan, Fujian.
Question 3: Is the sweet potato a sweet potato? Sweet potato is not sweet potato!
sweet potato
Open classification: plants, sweet potatoes, sweet potatoes.
Sweet potato (also known as sweet potato, sweet potato, mushroom, sweet potato and grandma Sha) has different names, such as sweet potato, cold potato, kudzu vine, kudzu vine, local radish (Records of Chinese Medicinal Plants), grass melon shavings (Luchuan Materia Medica), shage and local radish (Jiangxi Materia Medica Manual).
The northern region mainly refers to sweet potatoes (sweet potatoes, sweet potatoes); In some places in the south, potato is a different variety.
Sweet potato: Convolvulaceae, an important cultivated species of sweet potato, also known as sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, red soil potato. Sweet potato is native to Peru, Ecuador and Mexico in South America. Sweet potato is cultivated in11countries or regions all over the world because of its wide adaptability, strong reproduction, simple cultivation, high and stable yield, rich nutrition and wide use, among which 10 1 belongs to developing countries. The first batch of sweet potatoes in Europe was brought back by Columbus in 1492, and then introduced to Africa by Portuguese and Asia by Pacific islands. Sweet potato was first introduced to China in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty. At that time, Chen Zhenlong, an overseas Chinese in Fujian, often went to Luzon (now the Philippines) to do business, and found that the yield of sweet potatoes produced in Luzon was the highest, so he patiently learned the planting methods from local farmers. Later, after the promotion of the Chen family, sweet potatoes were widely planted all over the country. Its main origin is located in the south of 40 north latitude. At present, the total output of sweet potato ranks seventh in the world, and it is predicted that it will rise to the fifth largest grain in the world in 2 1 century. The total planting area of sweet potato in the world has been stable at about 9.4 million hectares in recent years, and the total output is about 65.438+0.3 billion tons. Among them, Asia is the most important sweet potato producing area in the world, with planting area and total output exceeding 80% and 90% of the world respectively.
Sweet potato has been planted in China for more than 400 years. According to historical records, sweet potato cultivation is widely distributed, starting from the South China Sea Islands in the south, reaching Inner Mongolia in the north, reaching Shaanxi, Longnan and Xinjiang in the northwest, extending to the south of Heilongjiang in the northeast via Liaoning and Jilin, and reaching southern Tibet and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in the southwest. Sichuan basin, Yellow River basin, Yangtze River basin and southeast coastal provinces are the main sweet potato producing areas in China.
At present, the total planting area of sweet potato in China is about 6.2 million hectares, and the total output is stable at more than 654.38 billion tons, accounting for 70% and 80% of the world respectively. China has become the largest producer of sweet potatoes in the world. Among the main crops in China, sweet potato ranks fourth after rice, wheat and corn.
, contains a variety of vitamins, each 100 grams contains vitamin B 10. 12 mg, vitamin B20.04 mg, vitamin C30 mg, calcium 18 mg, phosphorus 20 mg, iron 0.4 mg, nicotinic acid 0.5 mg, crude fiber 0.5 g and carbohydrate 29. 5 grams, protein 655 mg. Has the functions of harmonizing middle energizer, promoting diuresis and invigorating spleen. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that sweet potato is a kind of diet food for promoting diuresis and strengthening the spleen.
Sweet potato has the function of moistening intestines, which can reduce fat absorption. Eating sweet potato can increase satiety and reduce appetite, thus achieving the goal of losing weight.
Brief introduction of potato
Potato; potato
Solanaceae Solanum belongs to panicum miliaceum. Also known as potato, potato, potato, yam, yam egg, steamed egg, potato (commonly known in Hong Kong and Guangzhou) and so on. Foreign appellations for it mainly include: Italy: sweet bean; France: ground apples; Germany: pears; United States: Irish potatoes; Russia: Dutch potatoes. Tubers are edible and are important food and vegetable crops. Some scholars believe that there are seven cultivated species of potato, which are mainly distributed in temperate and subtropical areas in the Andes of South America and its nearby coastal areas. The most important potato variety is tetraploid. Tetraploid potatoes are cultivated all over the world. At first, 1570 was introduced from Colombia in South America to Spain in Europe, and it became a long sunshine type through artificial selection. Later, it spread to Asia, North America, South Africa and Australia. Potato has high yield, rich nutrition and strong adaptability to the environment, and now it has spread all over the world. Tropical and subtropical countries can plant and obtain high yield even in winter or cool season. The main potato producers in the world are the former Soviet Union, Poland, China and the United States. The main potato producing areas in China are southwest mountainous area, northwest, Inner Mongolia and northeast. Among them, the southwest mountainous area has the largest planting area, accounting for about 1/3 of the national total area. Tengzhou, Shandong Province is known as the "granary in southern Shandong", with 323 varieties of crops and 0/45 varieties of livestock. Listed as an enterprise by the state and Shandong Province ... >>
Question 4: Is potato or sweet potato a root or a stem 1? Sweet potato is a root tuber and one of the abnormal roots of plants.
Part or all of the roots are fleshy because of storing nutrients, which is the most common deformed root in plants. According to its origin and morphology, it can be divided into fleshy straight roots and tuberous roots. Fleshy taproots are mainly developed from taproots, and generally form fleshy structures (as shown in the figure) together with the connected hypertrophic hypocotyls, such as carrots, radishes, beets, etc. Its fleshy part can be phloem or xylem with different shapes, such as conical roots of Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Radix Codonopsis, cylindrical roots of Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, and spherical roots of Daphne odora and Radish. Tuberous roots are generally developed from lateral roots or adventitious roots, and their shapes are often irregular, mostly spindle-shaped or blocky. A plant can often form multiple root tubers, such as sweet potato, Polygonum Multiflori Radix, Notoginseng Radix, Radix Asparagi, Radix Ophiopogonis, etc.
2. Potatoes are tubers.
Tuber is a botanical term. It is a kind of metamorphosis of plant stems, which is lumpy, hence the name. Since it is a stem, it has the main characteristics of plant stems, such as buds and leaf scars. The potato we often eat is the most typical tuber. One kind of underground improved underground stem is a transverse stem with short internodes, which has different shapes, and usually the meat expands into irregular pieces, storing certain nutrients to survive in unfavorable climatic conditions. Root system occurs from the bottom of tuber, and the nodes are sunken downwards, such as eye socket, where buds are born, but the scales degenerate or fall off early, such as Pinellia ternata, Gastrodia elata and potato.
Question 5: The origin names of potatoes and sweet potatoes According to the origin, taste and shape of potatoes, people give potatoes many interesting names, such as: Italians call them sweet potatoes, French call them sweet potatoes, Germans call them pears, Americans call them Irish sweet potatoes, and Russians call them Dutch potatoes; China's Yunnan and Guizhou provinces are called taro or potatoes, Guangxi is called sweet potato, Shanxi is called yam egg, and most northeastern provinces are called potatoes. In view of the confusion of the name, botanists gave it a worldwide scientific name-potato.
Potatoes have existed since ancient times and have supported the survival of mankind for thousands of years. The origin of potato is South America, and it has become an indispensable part of the diet and cooking culture of all countries in the world. Potato is the fourth largest food crop in the world, second only to wheat, rice and corn, and is widely planted in about 125 countries around the world.
Around 200 BC, the Indians of ancient Inca countries in Peru first began to grow potatoes. The Incas also used potatoes to measure time, and the time required to cook potatoes was used as the unit time. The Andes in South America is the birthplace of "Irish" potatoes.
At first, in 1570, the short-day type was introduced from Colombia in South America to Spain in Europe, and it became the long-day type through artificial selection. Later, it spread to Asia, North America, South Africa and Australia. Potato has high yield, rich nutrition and strong adaptability to the environment, and now it has spread all over the world. Tropical and subtropical countries can plant and obtain high yield even in winter or cool season. The main potato producers in the world are the former Soviet Union, Poland, China and the United States. The main potato producing areas in China are southwest mountainous area, northwest, Inner Mongolia and northeast. Among them, the southwest mountainous area has the largest planting area, accounting for about 1/3 of the national total area. Heilongjiang Province is the largest potato planting base in China.
Spanish colonists first "discovered" potatoes in villages in the Andes in 1537 and brought them back to Europe. However, potatoes did not gain recognition in Europe soon. Later, with the help of leaders and thinkers from Prussia, France and Britain, potatoes were widely used throughout Europe.
Potatoes were introduced to North America in 162 1, when the Governor of Bermuda gave Virginia two big boxes containing potatoes and other vegetables.
Until American diplomat Benjamin? Franklin discovered potatoes in France, and potatoes became popular in America. Benjamin? When Franklin was the American ambassador to France, he attended a banquet. At the banquet, he enjoyed twenty different ways to make potatoes. After Franklin returned to America, he praised potatoes as the best vegetables. Since then, Americans have followed the trend led by Franklin and planted potatoes in colonies and remote western regions.
1802, Thomas? President Jefferson entertained guests with French fries at the White House, and French fries entered the United States from then on. After that, French fries quickly became the most common potato cooking method in the United States.
The invention of potato chips is a coincidence. 1853, a wealthy businessman is having dinner at a fashionable resort in new york. He complained that the fried potatoes were too thick and sent them back to the kitchen. In order to embarrass the arrogant customers, the chef cut some paper-thin potatoes, fried them in oil pan, and then sprinkled salt on them. To everyone's surprise, this guest likes the "Saratoga potato chips" made by the chef, and potato chips have become popular since then.
Potato originated in Africa, and the Spanish spread it to the Philippines. Indigenous people in the Philippines use it to satisfy their hunger and do business in the Philippines.
Chen Zhenlong, a businessman from China, introduced it to Fujian for planting (locals call it sweet potato because of its red appearance, but this name was actually invented by Chen Zhenlong himself). Of course, the color of potatoes is not just red now. At this time, crops in Fujian suffered from wind disaster and people suffered from hunger.
Chen Zhenlong's son dedicated the benefits of sweet potatoes and how to grow them to Governor Jin He.
Once ordered the whole province to grow sweet potatoes. There was a bumper harvest of sweet potatoes this year, and the people survived the famine by sweet potatoes. So people compete to tell stories about red.
Sweet potato is called golden potato because of its survival. In the Qing dynasty, it was found in the southeast coastal provinces, central, southwest and northwest of China.
Sweet potatoes are grown in all provinces.
The introduction of sweet potato into China can be said to be one of the most important achievements in the ancient trade history of China. Because of its introduction, it saved Qian Qian.
People suffering from natural disasters. If we can bring all kinds of species and sciences in the world to China as much as possible,
Then more people will benefit, and China will no longer be crowded ... >>
Question 6: There is a table about the difference between sweet potatoes and potatoes, which may not look good when copied down. Let me tell you the website.
Table of nutritional components of potato powder
(According to 100g) Component Name Content Component Name Content Component Name Content
Edible fraction 100 moisture (g) 12 energy (kcal) 337
Energy (kilojoule) 14 10 protein (g) 7.2 fat (g) 0.5.
Carbohydrate (g) 77.4 Dietary fiber (g) 1.4 Cholesterol (mg) 0
Ash (g) 2.9 Vitamin A (mg) 20 Carotene (mg) 120
Retinol (mg) 0 Thiamine (mg) 0.08 Riboflavin (mg) 0.06
Nicotinic acid (mg) 5. 1 vitamin c (mg) 0 vitamin e (ton) (mg) 0.28
a-E 0.28 (β-γ)-E 0 δ-E 0
Calcium (mg) 17 1 phosphorus (mg) 123 potassium (mg) 1075
Sodium (mg) 4.7 magnesium (mg) 27 iron (mg) 10.7
Zinc (mg) 1.22 selenium (μ g) 1.58 copper (mg) 1.06
Manganese (mg) 0.37 iodine (mg) 0
Nutrition of sweet potato
According to ancient documents such as Compendium of Materia Medica and Addendum to Compendium of Materia Medica, sweet potato has the effects of "tonifying deficiency and benefiting qi, strengthening spleen and stomach, and strengthening kidney yin", which makes people "live longer and have fewer diseases". It can also tonify the middle energizer, promote blood circulation, warm the stomach and nourish the five internal organs. Contemporary Chinese Materia Medica says: "Sweet in taste and flat in nature. Meridian of spleen and kidney. " "Tonifying the middle and blood, benefiting qi and being holy, widening the stomach and relaxing the bowels. Indications: Spleen edema, sores and swelling, intestinal dryness and constipation. "
It is rich in starch, dietary fiber, carotene, vitamins A, B, C and E, as well as potassium, iron, copper, selenium, calcium and other trace elements 10 and linoleic acid. With high nutritional value, it is called the most balanced healthy food by nutritionists. These substances can maintain the elasticity of blood vessels and are very effective in preventing and treating habitual constipation in the elderly. Unfortunately, most people think that eating sweet potatoes will make people fat and dare not eat them. In fact, on the contrary, eating sweet potatoes will not only make you fat, but also help you lose weight, keep fit, prevent sub-health, and relieve constipation and detoxify. Every100g of fresh sweet potato contains only 0.2g of fat, which generates 99 kilocalories of heat energy, which is about 1/3 of that of rice. It is a good food with low fat and low heat energy, and it can effectively prevent sugar from transforming into fat, which is conducive to weight loss and bodybuilding. Sweet potato contains a lot of dietary fiber, which cannot be digested and absorbed in the intestine. It can strengthen intestine, enhance peristalsis, relieve constipation and detoxify, especially for senile constipation. Pay attention to steaming and cooking sweet potatoes. Eating sweet potato should not be excessive, and it should be used with caution for those diagnosed as dampness blocking the spleen and stomach and qi stagnation in traditional Chinese medicine.
The list of 20 kinds of anticancer vegetables recently published by the National Cancer Research Center of Japan is: sweet potato, asparagus, cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli, celery, pumpkin, sweet pepper, carrot, cauliflower, amaranth, shepherd's purse, kohlrabi, mustard, tomato, green onion, garlic, cucumber, Chinese cabbage and so on. Among them, sweet potato. Japanese doctors found that the cancer inhibition rate of cooked sweet potatoes (98.7%) was slightly higher than that of raw sweet potatoes (94.4%) through a dietary survey of 260,000 people. The hospital in Philadelphia, USA also extracted an active substance-androsterone from sweet potato, which can effectively inhibit the occurrence of colon cancer and breast cancer.
Sweet potato leaves, that is, the tender leaves at the top of the stems of sweet potatoes after they mature in autumn. The experiment showed that every 100 grams of fresh sweet potato leaves contained 2.28 grams of protein, 0.2 grams of fat, 4. 1 g of sugar, 2.3 mg of potassium 1.6 mg of iron, 34 mg of phosphorus, 6.42 mg of carotene and 0.32 mg of vitamin C. Compared with ordinary vegetables, the contents of minerals and vitamins were superior, and the content of carotene was even higher than that of carrots. Therefore, the Asian Vegetable Research Center listed sweet potato leaves as a high-nutrient vegetable variety and called them "vegetable queens". Studies have found that sweet potato leaves have health care functions such as improving immunity, stopping bleeding, lowering blood sugar, detoxifying and preventing night blindness. Regular consumption can prevent constipation, protect eyesight, keep skin delicate and delay aging. In recent years, there has been a "sweet potato leaf fever" in Europe, America, Japan and Hong Kong. Food made from sweet potato leaves has even been put on the tables of hotels and restaurants. In China, there are no sweet potato leaves in city supermarkets. It is a pity that farmers throw sweet potato leaves and stems in the ground after harvest, or use them as feed for livestock. There are many ways to eat sweet potato leaves. Here is a brief introduction. Select bidding tips ... >>
Question 7: Which is better, sweet potato or potato? Speaking of potato foods, the most famous are potatoes and sweet potatoes. Potatoes are called the most versatile vegetables, and sweet potatoes are also the first anti-cancer food. Which is more nutritious? Recently, the website of American Health Fortress made a comparison between these two health stars. Generally speaking, the energy, fat, protein and carbohydrate content of potatoes and sweet potatoes are similar. Many people think sweet potato is sweet, and it must be high in calories and sugar. In fact, the calories and sugar content of sweet potatoes are slightly lower than those of potatoes. Let's look at vitamins. Sweet potato is rich in vitamin A, and100g contains 125 microgram retinol equivalent, while the equivalent potato has only 5 microgram retinol equivalent. In vitamin B6, sweet potato is still slightly higher than potato. As for the content of vitamin C, sweet potatoes and potatoes are basically the same. In the vitamin competition, sweet potato won. Let's look at minerals again. Potatoes are the mineral that contributes the most to human health. It can counteract the harm caused by excessive sodium intake, stabilize blood pressure and protect cardiovascular system. Of course, the food with the highest potassium content is potatoes. 100 g potato contains 342 mg of potassium, while sweet potato is rich in potassium, but only 130 mg. These nutrients can't represent all. Studies have found that sweet potatoes and potatoes also contain a lot of phytochemicals, which have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. According to the report of USDA in 2007, the antioxidant capacity of sweet potato is 26% higher than that of potato. Purple sweet potato in sweet potato has high antioxidant capacity. In short, sweet potatoes and potatoes are very nutritious. As long as you cook healthily, long-term persistence is good for your health. When buying, buy the whole skin, scrub it carefully, and it is best to eat it with the skin, because the part close to the skin is very nutritious.
Question 8: The difference between sweet potato and potato is that potato is a tuber and sweet potato is a root tuber.
Tubers and tubers
Tubers, such as potatoes, have bud eyes, that is, "nodes" When sowing, they can be cut into pieces in the unit of bud eyes. As long as they have bud eyes, they can reproduce asexually and reproduce into new plants, as shown above. Potatoes and potatoes are nicknames for potatoes.
Root tuber-such as sweet potato, if you want to propagate with root tuber, don't cut it into pieces, but sow the whole grain, as shown in the figure below. Sweet potato sweet potato is another name for sweet potato, and some are called sweet potato.
Tubers and tuberous roots are organs for storing nutrients in plants, and most of them are hidden underground. The difference is only whether there are nodes or not. A tuber can produce as many new plants as a node, while a root can only germinate one new plant.