Notes on the astronomical phenomena of the moon and the sun

On February 8, Mercury was 28.

2 1 1 Saturn solar eclipse

Total lunar eclipses in March and April

3 19 partial solar eclipse

March 22nd March 22nd Mercury westward distance

The Chang 'e satellite is expected to be launched into space in April.

Comet 4 1 Cohen had a short observation period before it passed the perihelion in early April.

Mercury is 6 2 east. Venus is about to move eastward, and these two planets can be seen in the western sky in the evening.

6 6 Jupiter rushes to the sun.

East distance of Venus is 6 9.

Venus and Saturn will be very close.

Venus is the brightest.

8 13 Perseid meteor shower

Total lunar eclipse in August and August

9 1 forecast results of oriya meteor shower. The maximum value will be around 1 1: 37 UTC (Beijing time 19: 37).

9 15 Gemini meteor shower

Venus is the brightest.

The maximum value of Longzai 10 9 days is Beijing time 10 9.

10 28 westbound distance of Venus 10 28

10 3 1 swan comet brightest 4, etc.

12 15 Gemini meteor shower

12 25 Mars hits the sun, which can only be regarded as a "small impact".

Comet Tuttle (12 3 1 8P) will pass the perihelion in June+10/October, 2008, and may reach its brightest at the end of 2007.

In the past year of 2006, Sky Cinema staged a series of celestial dramas, which can be described as climaxes. And what expectations will the wonderful astronomical phenomena in 2007 bring us? Here,

I'll come for everyone.

Speaking of astronomical phenomena, we should first start with the sun, which has the best relationship with us. In 2007, the sun will still be in a "quiet" period, but the huge sunspots that appeared during the transit of Mercury at the end of 2006 once again remind us that we can't relax our monitoring of the sun at all times.

I believe everyone was deeply impressed by a total solar eclipse and an annular solar eclipse in 2006, and such a spectacular sky phenomenon is invisible in China, which also left some regrets for everyone. The partial solar eclipse that will occur on March 19, 2007 will cover most parts of China, and the observation time is also very favorable. As far as Beijing is concerned, from the initial loss of contact at 9: 27: 24 to the last contact 1 1: 2 1: 22, the duration is nearly two hours, and the food consumption time is1023:1:. For lovers who rarely have the opportunity to see the solar eclipse, this partial eclipse should be regarded as the "first wave" of wonderful astronomical phenomena in 2007.

There will be another partial solar eclipse on September 1 1 day, 2007, but the solar eclipse belt is located in South America and Antarctica, and can't be seen in China. Speaking of which, we can advance the notice a little. Since the total solar eclipse in 1997 passed through the Mohe River in the northernmost part of China, the total solar eclipse has unconsciously "bid farewell" to our territory 10 years. Waiting silently will eventually bring infinite excitement, and a spectacular total solar eclipse will soon appear in China. In 2008 and 2009, there will be two total solar eclipses in the northwest of China and the Yangtze River basin respectively, which is definitely worth looking forward to.

Speaking of the sun, let's talk about the moon that is also "close" to us. In 2007, China's Chang 'e 1 satellite will fly to the moon, which has attracted the attention of the whole country. The moon is the only natural satellite on our planet and the most easily observed celestial body. Observing the moon is the first step for enthusiasts to get started, whether it is visual observation or taking pictures. In addition to its own phase changes, lunar occultation is also very suitable for enthusiasts to observe. In fact, the occultation of the moon and the phase change are the same root. Because the moon revolves around the earth, it is moving relative to the background starry sky. It moves about 12 degrees a day and 0.5 degrees an hour. Speaking of this, careful friends may think that the apparent diameter of the moon is not about 0.5 degrees. Yes, this means that the longest time of an eclipse will not exceed 1 hour. In fact, the occultation of the moon occurs all the time, and what attracts our attention is the phenomenon that the moon covers the sky of brighter stars or planets. Although it is not uncommon for the moon to cover bright stars, it is not easy to observe them in practice. For example, it is impossible to observe them when they cover the stars during the day or when the moon is below the horizon. Not all the stars can be covered by the moon. We call the projection of the moon's orbit around the earth on the celestial sphere the white road. Obviously, the moon can only cover the stars near the white road. However, the position of the white road relative to the celestial sphere is not fixed. Its intersection angles with the ecliptic are 4 565 438+0 ″ and-5 9 ′ (the intersection angle of yellow and white), and the intersection point (the intersection point of yellow and white) also retreats westward by 65 438+0 06 ′ on the ecliptic every month. Therefore, the bright stars that the moon can hide are all near the ecliptic, including the five planets of water, gold, fire, wood and earth, the bright stars on the ecliptic, such as Xuanyuan XIV, Antares, arcturus I and Pisces V, and the bright deep-space objects near the ecliptic, such as the Pleiades cluster and the honeycomb cluster. There are not many occultation phenomena suitable for our observation in 2007, and the sky forecast of each magazine will be introduced to you.

Another astronomical phenomenon caused by the movement of the Earth-Moon system is the lunar eclipse. Two total lunar eclipses in 2007 can be seen in China. The eclipse time of the total lunar eclipse on March 4th is 7: 021minute Beijing time, and the eclipse time is 1.237. The total eclipse time on August 28th is 18: 37, and the eclipse score is 1.4438+0. However, the observation conditions of these two eclipses are not very good, one is "lunar eclipse" and the other is "lunar eclipse". Few places in China can observe the whole process of the eclipse.

Man's dream of landing on the moon has long been realized, and Chinese astronauts are making unremitting efforts to make China people land on the moon. 2007 is a very important year for China's moon landing program. The Chang 'e satellite is expected to be launched in April, and then we may have a few days to observe it. The specific orbit prediction will be given on the website of Beijing Planetarium or online astronomy forum. Let's cheer for China's lunar exploration project!

Like the earth, several other planets in the solar system are orbiting the sun at different speeds along their respective orbits. At the same time, their positions are constantly changing relative to the background of stars, so we can't see them every night. For Mercury and Venus, which are orbiting inside the Earth, the easterly distance and the westerly distance are the moments when they are separated from the sun at the largest angle in every half of period of revolution, while the collision is the moment when the extraterrestrial planets and the sun are relative to the Earth. Is it the best time to observe the planets? It is still necessary to analyze specific problems.

In 2007, the distance between the east and the west of Mercury was three times. On February 8, the east distance, the angular distance between mercury and the sun is only18'; On March 22nd, Mercury will be 28 feet away from the sun in the great west. It is also a "big distance", but the gap is so big. Which of these two big distances is the better observation condition? Some friends may think that the greater the angle between mercury and the sun, the easier it is to observe, but it is not. If the declination of mercury is higher than that of the sun, it is more suitable for people in the northern hemisphere to observe, otherwise it is suitable for people in the southern hemisphere to observe. On February 8th, Mercury was more than 7 degrees higher than the sun at the declination in the east, so we can easily find it in the western sky after sunset. On March 22nd, although Mercury is far to the west, its declination is about 1 1 degree lower than that of the sun, so the time for observing it in the morning will be shorter.

Compared with the "rare" mercury, Venus can be observed for a longer time. In 2007, the east-west distance of Venus occurred on June 9 and June 28 of 10 respectively. At this time, the angular distance between Venus and the sun is about 45', and the phase reaches 50%. Venus can reach -4.6 at its brightest. With the help of astronomical telescope, we can also see it during the day. If you want to observe Venus during the day, you must choose the best observation time. After the conjunction, the bright side of Venus will gradually strengthen, but at the same time it will gradually move away from us. Therefore, the brightest time of Venus should be between the eastward distance and the conjunction, and the downward distance is the westward distance. The brightest time of Venus in 2007 is July 12 and September 24th. At that time, you can look for Venus with a telescope during the day, which is a great test for observation skills and eyesight. Need to remind everyone that since telescopes can't add or subtract light equipment when observing Venus during the day, they must avoid pointing at the sun.

At the beginning of June, 2007, Mercury and Venus successively reached a large distance, which was a good opportunity to observe the two planets of the Earth. On June 2, Mercury reached the easterly distance. At this time, its angular distance from the sun is about 23 degrees, and the declination is also higher than the sun. At this time, Venus is about to move eastward, and we can easily see these two planets in the western sky in the evening.

The revolution speed of extraterrestrial planets is much slower than that of the earth, and there is an impact almost every year. Mars will be closer to the earth, and its apparent circle will be larger at this time, which is why we should take time to observe it when Mars is rushing. Mars is at perihelion and the earth is at apohelion. We call it a big impact. Observing Mars is definitely a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.

Although the March of Mars on February 25, 65438 can only be regarded as a "small rush", it is also very interesting. We all know that Mars and the earth have similar angles, and there are also changes in four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. During the big run, we mainly observed the Antarctic region of Mars, while during the small run, we had the opportunity to observe the Arctic region of Mars. Of course, Mars is only 1/8 the size of the earth, and it is quite far away from us, so it is difficult for ordinary telescopes to see its surface details.

Jupiter, Saturn and other extraterrestrial planets are different from Mars. They are very far from the earth. Even at the time of impact, their apparent plane dimensions are not much different from usual, and their phase changes are even minimal. The only difference is that we can observe them all night at the peak. I think it is better to find a good time to observe them immediately after dark than to wait until midnight at the zenith. Isn't it fun to feast your eyes and stay up all night? Uranus and Neptune are farther away from the earth, giving people a feeling of cold and darkness. Indeed, we need large telescopes to see Uranus and Neptune, so they are not suitable for ordinary amateurs as observation targets. On June 6, Jupiter rushed to the sun.

In addition, because of the different laws of planetary motion, they sometimes "get together", which brings us very interesting astronomical phenomena. On June 30, 2007, Venus and Saturn will be close together, and at night, * * * will appear in the western sky. On June 30th, their angular distance will be within 1'. What happens when a crescent moon meets a straw hat?

After Planets in the Solar System, let's take a look at the interesting astronomical phenomena brought by Xiaotian's experience in the solar system in 2007. Some friends can't wait. Tell us about the meteor shower in 2007. Will there be a "rainstorm" like "200 1 lion"?

First of all, I can tell you that the lion in 2007 seems to be still very lazy. Although there is no moonlight interference, it is already daytime in China, and the traffic volume will be very small. As the three major meteor showers in the northern hemisphere, quadrant, Perseus and Gemini are different. At the beginning of the year, the quadrant meteor shower was particularly large, which could not be seen in China and was disturbed by the full moon, so it was not suitable for observation. The biggest moments are Perseid meteor shower on August 13 and Gemini meteor shower on September 15. Stable flow, no moonlight interference, suitable for observation. It is basically impossible for a unified meteor shower to reach the level of "200 1 lion", but what about the "unpopular" meteor shower that we don't often hear about in 2007? "Senior" astronomy enthusiasts are familiar with the Draco meteor shower, which once had a strong outbreak in 1930s and 1940s, with a ZHR value of around 7000. Comet Giacobini-Zinna, the mother comet of the Dragon Meteor Shower, returned in 2005. Whether the meteor shower can break out this year depends on whether the earth can pass through the center of the comet explosion. Because the radiant point of the Draco meteor shower is located in the arch pole area, it does not fall all night, and the maximum value of Draco in 2007 is 65438+ Beijing time1October 9, just in time for the new moon, so the observation conditions are very ideal.

If you are familiar with the Draco meteor shower, I'm afraid everyone has rarely heard of it. The mother comet of Auriga meteor shower is comet Keith, which returned at 19 1 1. The period of its revolution around the sun is about 2500 years, and there were major meteor showers in Auriga at 1935, 1986 and 1994. Astronomers from the United States and Finland announced him at the 2006 International Astronomical Congress.

Scientists' prediction of the 2007 auriga meteor shower. The maximum value will be around September 10/day1:37 universal time (Beijing time 19: 37). At that time, the earth will pass through a large number of ejecta from comet Keith and form a spectacular meteor rainstorm in Auriga. For observers in China, it was not completely dark at that time, but the twentieth day of the twelfth lunar month of the lunar calendar. If the delay is too long, the observation will be disturbed by moonlight. For most parts of China, the maximum radiation point is below the horizon, but this does not affect our observation. If it is visual, you can mainly pay attention to the constellations such as bear and dragon in the northern sky.

The most spectacular sky is a meteor storm. When I observe the meteor shower myself, my heart will be full of expectations, but the result is often disappointing. What I want to remind you here is that the role of meteor shower forecast is only to guide our observation, and we can't fully believe it. In my opinion, about three or five friends came to the suburbs, set up cameras to shoot, and huddled in warm sleeping bags to look at the bright stars, even if only a few meteors could be seen, it was a very happy thing.

Comets used to be called "broom stars" and were considered ominous. The era of superstition is gone forever, and the Great Comet seems to have not appeared for a long time. We know that some comets are periodic. Ten years have passed. Will the starry sky in 2007 give us a surprise? It is impossible to predict the return of comets. We can only hope that comets like 1996 Wu Bai will become very bright in a short time after being discovered.

Bright comets returning in 2007 mainly include 2P Enke and 96P Holtz. Comet Cohen is a short-period comet that passes through perihelion once every 3.3 years. The return of 2007 can only be observed in a short time before the perihelion in early April. It will pass the perihelion on April 19, during which the brightness will increase but it will be too close to the sun to be observed, and then it will become the observation target in the southern hemisphere. The situation of another periodic comet, McHoltz, is similar. On April 4, when it passed the perihelion, its brightness reached 2, but its angular distance from the sun was only 7, which was really disappointing. Tuttle will pass the perihelion on June 5438+ 10, 2008, and it may reach the brightest point at the end of 2007, even to the naked eye. At that time, it will enter Pisces through constellations such as Wang Xian, Hou Xian and Fairy. I hope it will live up to us and bring you the last feast of heaven at the end of 2007.