Reason for being on the list: master of ci poetry, pioneer of traditional Chinese opera, and leader of modern archaeology. He is groundbreaking in many aspects and has a far-reaching impact on future generations. Many works have become classics in academic circles and enjoy high reputation at home and abroad.
Representative works: Textual research on Ci-Hua on earth, Ci-Hua on earth, the history of drama in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and Yin Oracle Bone Inscriptions's poem The Scholars, which is included in Wang Guowei's suicide note. The essays made by traveling to Japan outside the collection are included in the book Wang Guowei's Academic Essays.
Disciples: Gu Jiegang, Zhao Wanli, Jiang Liangfu, etc
Second Liang Qichao
Reason for being on the list: a pioneer of modern new historiography, he has been active in politics for a long time and is a man of great influence on modern politics. He has made great achievements in philosophy, literature, history, Confucian classics, religion and other fields.
Masterpieces: New History, China's Historical Research Law, China's Academic History in Recent 300 Years, Academic Introduction of Qing Dynasty, Eighteen Treatises on Buddhism, many of which are included in The Complete Works of Drinking Ice Room.
Disciples: Xu, Cai E, Hu Shi, xie guozhen, etc
Chapter III Taiyan
Reasons for being on the list: master of modern park studies, master of primary school studies, master of Confucian classics and master of history. In his later years, he devoted himself to studying Buddhism. During his stay in Japan, he studied Sanskrit hard and interpreted Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi with Buddhism, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations. On the primary school side, he is unique in exegetics, and Huang Kan is the only scholar who can match him. In Confucian classics, you can recite four books and five classics when you are young. It is easy for a hundred schools of thought to contend. In particular, he is quite proficient in ancient books before the Tang Dynasty, and he knows them like the palm of his hand, which makes the academic community awe.
Representative works: New Dialect, Zuo Zhuan Chun Qiu Reader, Shu Shu, On Investigation, On the Balance of National Heritage, On the Interpretation of Everything, A Brief Comment on Han Dynasty, A Lecture on Chinese Studies, etc.
Disciples: Ma Yuzao, Shen Jianshi, Qian, Huang Kan, Lu Xun and Zhu Jihai.
No.4 Chen
Reason for listing: A master of modern history, especially good at Tang Shi studies, is recognized as a leading figure in the field of history. His father is a famous scholar in modern times, Chen, who said that the poem "Sanyuan Jingshe" was handed down from generation to generation. Chen Yinque knows many languages, except English, French, German, Italian, Latin and Spanish, especially Sanskrit, Tibetan, Turkic, Xixia and Qidan. At the same time, he also knows many small languages that have disappeared in Asia Minor. According to Cao Juren's statistics (Essay on the History of China's Academic Thought), he knows 18 languages, which is a miracle in the field of linguistics and amazes the world.
Representative works: Biography of Bai Yuan's Poems, Biography of Liu, Brief Discussion on the Origin of Sui and Tang Dynasties System, First Edition of Jinming Series, Second Edition of Jinming Series, Political History of Sui and Tang Dynasties, etc.
Disciples: Jiang Tianshu, Liu Jie, Ji Xianlin, etc
No.5 Huang Kan
Reason for listing: He has profound attainments in Confucian classics, literature and philosophy, especially in the phonology, writing and exegesis of traditional primary schools. He and Zhang Taiyan and Liu are also called masters of Chinese studies, and Zhang Taiyan are also called "masters of primary schools since Ganjia" and "descendants of traditional philology". What is even more amazing to the world is that he never published any works before his death. He once had a classic saying: "Don't write a book before the age of fifty". Half a century later, this sentence is still widely circulated on the campus of Wu Da University, which is enough to prove its rigorous scholarship. Mr. Zhang Taiyan advised him to write a book many times before his death, but he was unmoved. Although he has not published any works, he has become a world-recognized master of Chinese studies.
Masterpieces: Notes on Carving Dragons in Wenxin, Anti-cutting Interpretation, Notes on Rizhilu, Rhyme Collection Table, Huang Kan's Academic Miscellanies, Four Notes on Writing, Initial Compilation of Characters, Notes of Mr. Huang Jigang and Selected Works of Huang Xue (note: compiled for later generations).
Disciples: Xu Fu, Pan, Pan Jin, etc
Liuhaoliu
Reason for being on the list: He was a man of the hour in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. He has not only made remarkable achievements in the political arena, but also made great achievements in academics. He is even as famous as Zhang Taiyan, and is called "Second Uncle" (Zhang Taiyan's word is Mei Shu, and Liu's word is Shen Shu). He is a well-known figure who spans political and academic circles. His most profound academic influence and achievement is to teach the courses of "China Literature" and "Literature History" and publish "Lectures on the History of Ancient Chinese Literature". He won the school of literary selection in the dispute of literary schools and laid a "model" for the teaching and research of literary history.
Main works: Essence of Folk Contract in China, Lecture Notes on China's Medieval Literature History, Chronology of Huangdi, Academic Similarities and Differences between Han and Song Dynasties, etc.
Disciples: Huang Kan, Chen Zhongfan, Hao Liquan, etc
Seventh place Wang Li
Reason for being on the list: I have been engaged in the teaching and research of language science, and have made important contributions to the development of language science and the cultivation of linguistic professionals in China. 1936 published the article "A Preliminary Study of China Grammar", which criticized the situation that China grammarians followed the English grammar research since Ma Shi's "Wen Tong", and made a preliminary discussion on the characteristics and research methods of Chinese grammar. Conjunctions in China Grammar published by 1937 points out that conjunctions are not necessary in ancient Chinese, and Chinese sentences do not necessarily have verbs, which reveals a prominent feature that Chinese is different from Indo-European languages. His works such as Modern Grammar in China (1943), Grammar Theory in China (1944) and Grammar Outline in China (1946) have established their own Chinese grammar system with A Dream of Red Mansions as the main research object. In addition, he also made great achievements in phonology. His Rhythm of China's Poems deeply studied the metrical features and linguistic features of China's ancient poems, and made outstanding contributions to the research and development of China's phonology.
Main works: Ancient Chinese, Poetry Rhyme, Grammar and Grammar Teaching, A Brief Introduction to Cantonese, How Cantonese People Learn Mandarin, Summary of Poetry Rhyme, Rhyme of Chu Ci, Rhyme of the Book of Songs, How Cantonese People Learn Mandarin, Rhyme of Chinese Poetry, Rhyme of Chinese Poetry and Rhyme of Chinese Poetry.
No.8 Ji Xianlin
Reasons for being on the list: contemporary famous linguist, essayist, and expert in oriental culture research. He is familiar with ancient and modern times and is known as the "academic master". His academic research covers ancient Indian languages, especially Buddhist Sanskrit, and can be regarded as one of the few masters who can master Buddhist Sanskrit in the world, such as Tuhuoluo, ancient Indian literature, Indian Buddhist history, China Buddhist history, Central Asian Buddhist history, Tang Shi, Sino-Indian cultural exchange history, Chinese and foreign cultural exchange history, similarities and differences between Chinese and Western cultures, aesthetics and ancient China literary theory, German and Western literature, comparative literature and folk literature, prose and essay creation. And has made outstanding achievements in these fields. In 2006, he became the first scholar to win the lifetime achievement award of translation culture, and was also named as "Person of the Year who Moved China".
Main works: Essays on the History of Sino-Indian Cultural Relations 1957, People's Education; A preliminary study of < Ramayana > (theory) 1979, foreign literature; Heart Shadow of Tianzhu (Prose Collection) 1980, Hundred Flowers; Selected Works of Ji Xianlin (Prose Collection) 198O, Hong Kong Literature Research Association; Lang Runji (Prose Collection) 198 1, Shanghai Literature and Art; Ji Xianlin's Prose Collection 1986, Peking University Publishing House.
No.9 xufu
Reason for listing: 65438-0929 studied at Jinling University, and studied under Huang Kan in writing, phonology and exegetics. 1935 He entered the National Studies Class of Jinling University, and later transferred to Zhang Taiyan to study. He has taught in National Frontier College, Jinling University, Nanjing Normal University and other schools. He has served as an associate professor, professor and honorary director of the Institute of Ancient Literature Arrangement of Nanjing Normal University, a member of the editorial board of Cihai, one of the editors of the Lexical Branch of Cihai, one of the deputy editors of the Chinese Dictionary, a director of the Chinese Language Society, the president of China Exegetics Research Association, a consultant of China Phonology Research Association, the president of Jiangsu Language Society, and an editor of handed down books. His contributions in the field of language and writing are mainly reflected in exegetics, collating, Mongolian and Tibetan language research, writing research, etymology research, dialect research and so on. In the comparison between Mongolian and Tibetan languages and Chinese, there are works such as "The Word" Bad "originates from Tibetan" (Oriental Magazine, E Shi Phonetic Test (Oriental Magazine, the origin of warm letters and Tibetan letters, the phonetic meaning of the word "bad" and its date of production). In exegetics, he is the most diligent and writes a lot. His representative works include Inferring the Writing Age of Peacock Flying Southeast from Language, Notes on Han Changli's Poems, etc.
Representative works: Xu Fu's Essays on Linguistics and Philology, Guangya Yilin, Shuowen 540 Radicals, etc.
10 Qian Zhongshu
Reason for being on the list: I have a gift since I was a child. I read quickly and never forget anything. While studying in Tsinghua, he swept the Tsinghua Library. During my stay in England, I stayed in the library of Oxford University for several years. Later, he and his wife, Jiang Yang, spent a year in France, enjoying the books in the library of the University of Paris. He has read as many books as before, which is rare at home and abroad. If you want to be profound in knowledge, you must integrate ancient and modern in one furnace and integrate Chinese and foreign in one. Proficient in English, French, German, Italian, Latin and Spanish, and unparalleled in Chinese and English. He wrote four volumes1300,000 words of Guanzui Bian in elegant classical Chinese, and made detailed textual research, annotation and explanation on ten ancient books such as Justice, Old Works, Textual Research on Shi Zhu and Taiping Guangji, and quoted 4000 works 13000 articles from domestic and foreign writers. There are more than 90,000 pages of reading notes and tens of millions of words in many languages.
Representative works: Besieged City, Ghost Animals, Qian Zhongshu's Prose, Selected Notes on Song Poetry, Art Notes, Guan Cone Compilation, Notes on Song Poetry, Notes on Rong Anting, etc.
Disciple: Luan Guiming and others.
Criterion of the Master of Chinese Studies
"master"
The so-called "master" refers to people's respect for people who have deep attainments in knowledge or art. Anyone who can be called a "master" should be a leader in the same industry.
In addition, the reason why a "master" is a "master" is not only to look at knowledge, but also to look at works. It also depends on morality, that is, whether personality and literature, literature and personality are unified, that is, whether it belongs to the stream of "moral articles" in which personality and literature are integrated. As Professor Tang said, "A master can only be called a master if he has profound knowledge and noble personality."
"Teacher, so preach and teach." And "learning to be excellent is to be an official." Therefore, a "master" should be a model of learning and morality.
If you have a good education, you can do a lot of learning, and your articles are well written, but your character is very poor, especially your words are out of line with your character, and your words and deeds are different. In lectures and works, it is said that "wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and powerful people can't bend" and "a scholar can be killed but not humiliated", but when a foreign enemy invades, he will betray his country, "wealth can lure his heart, poverty can move his will, and powerful people can bend his festival"; Or in the face of power, they are always grovelling and attached to the inflammatory trend. "the style of study changes with the political style" and acts as a "trumpeter" who is "welcome at any time"; Or "full of benevolence, righteousness and morality", and in action, male thieves and female prostitutes; Or keep saying "indifferent to fame and fortune", but in fact, they are striving for fame and fortune in the DPRK and the market, pursuing fame and fortune, being sloppy in their studies, opportunistic and full of mistakes, but they only care about themselves, don't listen to criticism, and even "reject all criticism" and so on. Then, an "immoral" scholar who lacks the conscience of China scholars like this is absolutely unworthy to be a "master"!
What needs to be emphasized in particular is that a "master" can be called a "master" not only because of his profound knowledge and outstanding achievements, but also because of his open-minded mind, empty and peaceful mind, and especially because of his tireless spirit of learning and thinking, teaching and educating people.
As the saying goes, "A man without himself, a man of God is useless, and a saint is nameless" ("Zhuangzi Wandering"). The real "master" has never taken this title seriously silently, let alone used it for himself. At the beginning of 2003, Mr Zhang Dainian said frankly when answering an interview with Beijing Youth Daily reporter, "Some people say that I am a' master of Chinese studies'. In fact, I only study a part of Chinese studies, mainly philosophy, not much literature and history, and even less ancient science in China. ". There is also a famous scholar, Mr. Jiang Kongyang, who is also a model of "moral articles" integrating noble morality and literature. He has always been indifferent, quiet, tolerant and generous, but he has always been "unremitting pursuit" in his studies, but he also abides by the attitude of "learning to be an official and writing a hundred schools of thought contend". "Intellectuals should serve the society professionally. Scholars should use academics to serve the society, not by making speeches or making money, but by thinking, knowledge and learning. " When someone asks him, "What are the benefits of your hard work?" At that time, he replied indifferently: "Learning is originally out of hobbies, out of the pursuit of truth, out of the desire to make a little contribution to society, not because you have any benefits. If you want to talk about interests, you naturally don't need to take the road of learning. " He has made great achievements in aesthetic research all his life, but his mind is open. He said frankly, "Life is developing, things are changing, and knowledge is constantly developing and changing. Don't think that we have reached the' peak'. We have the Lingzhu, and the whole world has to listen to me. Faust made a contract with the devil, and he will never be satisfied. Once satisfied, his soul will be possessed by the devil. I think we should also have an insatiable spirit when studying. Once we are great and satisfied, our souls will be taken away by the devil. " (Yu Sheng: Jiang Kongyang: Not Created, China Reading News 1998 1 1.4).
Zhang Dainian and Jiang Kongyang, at least as "masters" of China's philosophy and aesthetics, deserve it!
In Miscellaneous Notes on His Sick Bed (New World Press, 2006 edition), Mr. Ji Xianlin made clear for the first time his views on the three laurels "Master of Chinese Studies", "Academic Master" and "National Treasure" that the world "added" to his head. Please take them off. He also said, "I won three laurels and I am free." "The foam on my body has been washed away, revealing my true colors, and everyone is happy." It also shows its extraordinary master virtue!
The name of "master of Chinese studies"
"Master of Chinese Studies" is a very weighty reputation, a dazzling laurel, and not everyone can wear it. Nowadays, many "masters of Chinese studies" praised by people are actually historians and historians of philosophy at most. This is only as far as his knowledge is concerned. As far as "teachers' morality" is concerned, many people are farther away from "masters of Chinese studies".
How to define a "master of Chinese studies"?
Anyone who can be called a "master of Chinese studies" should naturally be outstanding within the research scope of "Chinese studies". Our sinology includes natural science, social science and thinking science. , and contains extremely rich titles. Therefore, those works that can be called "masters of Chinese studies" should also reflect rich content. Even if divided according to western disciplines, they should be versatile and encyclopedic scholars, with excellent academic works and popular literary works.
Even as the abbreviation of China's academic culture, "Sinology" is extremely rich. There was "a hundred schools of thought contend" in the pre-Qin period alone. There are always different opinions on the understanding of the "Hundred Schools" in the pre-Qin period, but at least it includes the theories of Yin and Yang, Taoism, Confucianism, law, ink, name, miscellaneous, novel, poetry, vertical and horizontal, military, agriculture, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, geography, water conservancy, geography, mathematics, textile, architecture, pottery making, smelting, transportation and so on.
After the Qin and Han Dynasties, many new schools and theories emerged under the action of the basic law of "connecting the preceding with the following, internal and external integration and comprehensive innovation" inherent in "Chinese studies". Therefore, as a "master of Chinese studies", he should be proficient in the theories of various schools contained in Chinese studies and be rich in "deep attainments"; Even if you make a discount, you should be "deeply accomplished" in more than half of the theories.
From Mr. Zhang Dainian's short answer quoted earlier, "Some people say that I am a' master of Chinese studies', and China's ancient science is even less studied", we can get a glimpse of his views on' master of Chinese studies', that is, at least philosophy, literature, history and ancient science should be involved, and outstanding achievements should be made. China's ancient scientific achievements are universally acknowledged. Although Mr. Zhang Dainian didn't elaborate on their specific connotations here, astronomy, calendar, agronomy, medicine and health preservation were at least included, but almost all of them were excluded from the vision of "China scholars" for a long time.
Mr. Zhang Dainian actually put forward the minimum standard of "master of Chinese studies", that is, the standard only in terms of knowledge. However, look at the list of "Master of Chinese Studies" listed by some famous universities and the list of "Master of Chinese Studies" listed online. How many people meet this minimum standard?
In addition, a "master of Chinese studies" must have noble personality and moral quality. Judging from the standards of knowledge and morality, that is, the integration of literature and people, the "master of Chinese studies" is incomparable to ordinary people!