Thinking, also called thinking, is a complex psychological activity, not innate. Newborns don't have the thinking ability yet, and by the age of 1 year, the thinking ability begins to develop gradually. Moreover, the development is hierarchical and regular, from low-level to high-level, showing intuitive movement thinking → concrete image thinking → abstract logical thinking. These three ways of thinking appear at different ages of children.
1 ~ 3 years old children, the way of thinking is intuitive and action. They come into contact with some concrete things through their own actions to think. If you ask them how to drive a toy car. He will immediately bring the toy car to the front to play. At this time, he thought while playing.
With the expansion of activities, the increase of perceptual experience and the enrichment of language, the thinking of children aged 3-6 or 7 has developed from intuitive action thinking to concrete image thinking. At this time, children can think with specific images in their minds, which has greater generality and flexibility, but it still has certain limitations. If they understand uncles and aunts, they always think that uncles and aunts are adults. If they are asked to call their children uncles and aunts, they are about the same age or older, he will be confused and refuse to call them.
Children after the age of six or seven take abstract concepts, judgments and reasoning as their basic thinking forms, and use analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction and generalization to solve problems.
Children have the seeds of abstract thinking at the age of five. When they encounter something, they like to get to the bottom of it and always ask "why?"
Second, the cultivation of children's thinking ability
The development of children's thinking has certain rules, from concrete to abstract. Therefore, children cannot be asked to think like adults. However, proper education and training can promote the development of children's thinking from concrete to abstract, and also cultivate good thinking qualities, such as profundity, flexibility and creativity, thus improving children's thinking ability. What can be done in the family is as follows.
1. Enrich children's living environment. We can hang some colored balls above the cradle, or simple colored toys, or things that can make sounds, such as small wind chimes, so that the baby can watch and listen when he is awake; Usually when the baby is awake, Doby, hug, kiss and touch him; With the growth of children, provide suitable toys; /kloc-children around 0/year old can walk, so we should provide him with a space for activities and let him carry out various activities freely; Children around 3 years old can watch TV cartoons and children's films with him and tell him while watching them; Take the children outdoors and see the flowers and trees in the park, all kinds of animals in the zoo and so on.
2. Guide children to improve their language skills. Help children pronounce English correctly from the beginning. Adults should not talk to children, such as cookies, cakes and dogs. Let him get used to and remember accurate common words in daily life. It is necessary to enrich the child's language vocabulary in a planned way and help him express his thoughts in the right language.
Language is a tool to express thinking. Only words can indirectly summarize and reflect things. Only through the language and grammar rules in the language can children carry out abstract logical thinking without concrete actions and images. The development of language can play a great role in improving thinking ability.
3. Encourage children to think positively. Active and curious are the nature of children. Five-year-olds often ask "Why?" Sometimes toys or household appliances and furniture are taken apart to see what's inside. Parents should listen to their children's problems patiently, solve their children's problems or guide them to think about solving their own problems. It is not too much to blame the child for breaking things. It is good to say that you want to see what is in something, but it is a pity that the good thing is broken. Tell the adults to help you solve the problem later. Children are encouraged to think more actively about all kinds of things in the future. For children with few questions, parents should take the initiative to ask some questions that children can answer and guide him to think.
4. Exercise children's thinking ability. In family life, there are many opportunities to exercise children's thinking ability. As long as parents are conscientious in this respect and are good at guiding their children to think, there will be a bumper harvest. Play with toys, play games, guess riddles, raise small animals, raise flowers, and take part in housework. It can make children actively use their brains to carry out a series of logical thinking activities such as analysis, comparison, judgment and reasoning, thus promoting the development of thinking ability. For example, building blocks, spelling hexagrams and puzzles. , all need to use their brains, find out the law, to complete. Some intellectual games need not only brains but also speed to win.
5. Teach children the correct way of thinking: the characteristics of thinking are generality, indirectness and logicality. With the growth of age, children have more perceptual knowledge and life experience, and their language development has reached a higher level, which provides tools for thinking development. But only by mastering the correct way of thinking can we make better use of these conditions and tools. Children can't master it at first. Parents and teachers should guide and teach children how to solve problems through analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization, and make logical judgments and inferences. Teach children to master the correct way of thinking. Once children master the correct way of thinking, it is like plugging in the wings of thinking development, and the ability of abstract thinking can be developed and improved rapidly.