Chengde mountain resort, also known as Chengde Palace or Rehe Palace, is the place where the Qing emperors in China spent their summer and handled government affairs. It is the Summer Palace built by the Qing emperor for the political purpose of appeasing, uniting ethnic minorities in China's border areas and consolidating national unity. The Summer Resort was built in the 42nd year of Kangxi (1703) and completed in the 55th year of Qianlong, which lasted for 89 years, covering an area of 5.64 million square meters and surrounded by a winding palace wall of 10,000 meters. It is the largest existing classical royal garden in China.
Chengde mountain resort was the summer palace of the Qing emperor in China. The scenic spot is 0/80km away from Beijing/KLOC-. It consists of a palace, a royal garden and a magnificent temple. The architectural layout of the villa can be roughly divided into two parts: the palace area and the garden area, which can be divided into three parts: the lake area, the plain area and the mountainous area. Seventy-two scenes of Kangxi Qianlong and Longding. There are temples, halls, buildings, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, halls, temples and other buildings 100. It is one of the three ancient buildings in China. Its biggest feature is that there are gardens in the mountains and mountains in the gardens.
Due to the historical and cultural heritage of many groups, the Summer Resort and its surrounding temples have become national key cultural relics protection units, one of the top ten scenic spots in China and one of the 44 scenic spots protection areas, and Chengde has thus become the first batch of 24 historical and cultural cities in China. Summer resort, Summer Palace in Beijing, Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou and Lingering Garden in Suzhou are also called the four famous gardens in China.
Qi Shi er Jing
There are more than 120 groups of buildings in chengde mountain resort, including 36 scenes in Kangxi and 36 scenes in Qianlong. This is the famous 72 scenes in the villa.
The 36 scenic spots named by the Kangxi Dynasty are: Cool Smoke, Zhijing Yundi, Cool without Summer, Smoky Mountain Pavilion, Water Fragrant Rock Show, Valley Pine Wind, Pine Crane and Clear Moon, Yunshan Resort, Surrounded by Yunshan Mountain, North Pillow Twin Peaks, Xiling Sunglow, Hammer Peak Sunset, Nanshan Snow Flying, Pear Blossom Accompanied by Moon, Water Fragrance, Breeze Spring Sound and Colorful.
The 36 scenic spots named during the Qianlong period are: Li Zhengmen, Qin Zhengtang, Song Hezhai, Ruyi Lake, Qingque Square, Qiwang Building, Reindeer Slope, Shuixin Pavilion, Yizhitang, Changyuantai, Jinghaotang, Lengxiang Pavilion, Cailingdu, Associated Lock, Qinghuige, Prajna, Canglangyu, Yiping, Pingxiang Plate and Wanshu.
Waibamiao
Around the summer resort, a number of Lamaism temples will be built in the form of Tibetan and Xinjiang Lamaism temples for the upper classes and nobles of ethnic minorities in the west and north to worship Buddha. There are 1 1 monasteries in the east and north of the summer resort, on both sides of Wulie River and in the hilly area on the northern edge of Shizigou. It belongs to the Eight Temples and is directly managed by the Qing government. It is called "Eight Temples Outside Chengde". Temples are divided into Tibetan temples, Chinese temples and Sino-Tibetan temples according to architectural styles. These temples combine the essence of Han, Tibetan and other national architectural arts, and are magnificent and extremely royal. These 12 temples with different architectural styles were built by the Qing government at that time to unite the ethnic minorities in Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, using religion as a means of weaving nets. Most of these temples are built on sunny slopes, with prominent halls and magnificent momentum.
Other scenery
Song He Zhai
In the year of Kangxi, the empress dowager came to the summer resort and lived in Songhe Qingyue in the western regions. In the 14th year of Qianlong (1749), Emperor Qianlong built a group of buildings with eight courtyards on the east side of the main hall, named Songhezhai, for the empress dowager to live in. At that time, Song Hezhai, "outdoor pine and cypress are common, and white cranes dance in front of the court." There are reindeer swimming in the yard. There are 15 rooms, 3 halls and 7 main halls behind the Sui Palace, which are called Le Shoutang, and later renamed Yue Xingju, which is the bedroom of Empress Dowager Cixi. Sui Chengdian, fifteen photo studios, and the gatehouse are long gone. Le Shoutang has only the base address, which was rebuilt on 1998.
the Queen
The main palace is the main building in the palace area. It was built in 50 to 52 years of Kangxi and renovated and rebuilt in 19 years of Qianlong (1754), covering an area of 10000 square meters. Including the compound, which consists of the main entrance of Li, the noon gate, the reading hall, the Lianbo Jingcheng Hall, the Sizhi Bookstore, 19 photo studios, the tobacco hall, the Yunshan holiday building, the gate, some courtrooms, the affiliated hall and the cloister. It is divided into two parts: the former dynasty and the later dynasty. The former dynasty was the office area where the emperor handled military affairs; The back bedroom is the daily living area of the emperor and queen. The main hall is called "Lianjingbo City", which is made of precious nanmu, so it is also called Nanmu Hall. It is the place where the emperor ruled state affairs, and all kinds of grand ceremonies were held here.
Eastern Palace
The East Palace is in the east of Song Hezhai, and its terrain is lower than that of Gong Zheng and Song Hezhai. There is also a door on the wall in front of the East Palace, called Dehui Gate, which is Chongtai Gate, and its shape is similar to that of Li Zhengmen. After entering Dehui Gate, the main buildings on the central axis are seven halls, eleven halls, Yin Qing Pavilion, Fushou Pavilion, Qin Zhengdian and Juana Shengjing Hall in turn. 1945, the Japanese invaded Chengde and burned the East Palace to celebrate the victory. Now only the base is left. Yin Qing Pavilion, commonly known as the Grand Theatre, is similar to the existing Yin Chang Pavilion in the Forbidden City and the Grand Theatre in the German Garden in the Summer Palace. This pavilion is three stories high and has a magnificent appearance.
Wanhe Song Feng Temple
This is the hall of the wind. Emperor Kangxi often met officials here, read the memorial, read and write. 1722, Kangxi discovered that the fourth son of the emperor, Li Hong (Emperor Qianlong), the fourth son of Prince Yin of Shuoyong, was clever and loved them very much, so he made a decree to send Li Hong to the palace. This summer, led by his parents, Li Hong went to chengde mountain resort with his grandfather. Kangxi gave the wing of the summer resort "Wanhe Song Feng" to Li Hong to live in. At ordinary times, when he attends a banquet or reviews the memorial, he has to wait on him and teach him day and night. After Li Hong succeeded to the throne, he named this temple "Ji 'en Hall". Thirty years after Qianlong, Qianlong wrote "Cien Temple in Summer Resort" to commemorate the kindness of Emperor Kangxi.
Cool the house.
Long live, according to the house, go north through the lobby of the gatehouse, and then there are seven halls in the north, which go deep into two rooms. It is famous for its smoke waves, the main hall of the main palace and the harem, and also the bedroom of the Qing emperor in the villa. Kangxi called it "the ground is high and open, the air is clear" and "spiritual practice is surrounded by ten miles of Pinghu to make it cool", hence the name "rime makes it cool", ranking first among the 36 scenic spots in Kangxi, a summer resort.
lake region
The essence of garden scenic spots is basically in the lake area. Kangxi once boasted that "natural scenery is better than the West Lake". The main scenic spots in the villa are scattered around the lake area, so it looks tortuous and beautiful. Lake District is located in the southeast of the villa, covering an area of 496,000 square meters. There are eight large and small lakes, namely West Lake, Hucheng Lake, Ruyi Lake, Shang Hu Lake, Huxia Lake, Yinxu Lake, Mirror Lake and Half Moon Lake, which are collectively called Husai Lake. Most of the scenic buildings in the lake area are modeled after the scenic spots in the south of the Yangtze River, such as the Yanyu Building, which is modeled after the Yanyu Building in Nanhu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang. The layout of Jinshan Island is imitated from Jinshan in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu. There are two groups of buildings on the two islands in the lake, one is called "Ruyi Island" and the other is called "Moonlight River Sound". There are rockeries, pavilions, halls, temples, pools and other buildings on Ruyi Island, which are cleverly laid out and are the center of the scenic spot. "Moonlight River Sound" consists of an exquisite quadrangle and several pavilions. Whenever Dongshan night, the bright moonlight reflects the calm lake water and the scenery is elegant.
The overall structure of this area is surrounded by mountains and waters, with islands and waters. The layout uses China's traditional gardening techniques to form the composition of the fairy world in China myths and legends. Many groups of buildings are cleverly built on islands, dikes and water, showing a water town scenery. Plain areas are mainly patches of grasslands and forests. At that time, there was Wanshu Garden here, and the mountainous area was composed of four gullies from south to north, followed by hazelnut valley, Songlinyu, Lishuyu and Songyunxia. Among the mountains, Gu Song is towering into the sky with lush trees. There are more than 40 groups of original buildings, including Xuanzhai Pavilion, Buddhist Temple and other buildings, but most of them only have the base address.