Academic career planning (in fact, you should plan your academic career from the beginning of your freshman year, but it's not too late to start now. It's better to do it than not to do it well). Freshmen have the contents of academic career planning, mainly. When they first entered school, they didn't understand the employment problem at all, and they didn't realize that they could only consider such problems when they were in their junior or senior year. We have added a new content, that is, academic career planning, which is new to us, but it has become more common in foreign universities. The contents of employment guidance in foreign universities include helping students to evaluate their skills, obtain employment information and employment opportunities after graduation, make realistic employment decisions and learn how to sell themselves successfully. Moreover, these activities and services are accompanied by the whole process of students' study at school, and they are often tested from the beginning of enrollment, so that students can understand their abilities and interests and give them corresponding guidance according to the test results. It can be seen that there is still a big gap between our work and that of foreign countries, but we are also making active efforts. Academic career planning refers to a person's expectation and plan for the continuous process of his/her responsibilities in his/her life, including a person's study, his/her productive contribution to a major or organization and his/her final retirement.
Personal academic career planning is not a simple concept, it is closely related to the family, organization and society where individuals live. With the changes of personal values, family environment, working environment and social environment, everyone's academic expectations have changed greatly or slightly, so it is a dynamic process.
For individuals, the quality of academic career planning will definitely affect the whole life course. We often say that success and failure are only the realization of established goals, and goals are the key to success or failure. Personal life goals are diverse: quality of life goals, career development goals, social goals such as the impact on the outside world, interpersonal environment, etc ... All kinds of factors in the whole goal system are intertwined, and career development goals occupy a central position in the whole goal system. Whether this goal is achieved or not directly leads to different feelings of achievement and frustration, happiness and unhappiness, and affects the quality of life.
Through the investigation and study on the employment preparation of senior students, and the return visit to the graduates who have just worked. The study found that students showed several obvious tendencies in their work preparation:
First, in the self-evaluation of academic ability, many college students tend to overestimate or underestimate, showing obvious deviation;
Secondly, in the understanding of academic information, college students pay too much attention to whether the occupation meets their own needs and ignore the matching degree between the occupation requirements and their own quality;
Third, most students are passive in their investment in academic preparation. From school to society, college students will face a brand-new world. In this society, what enables college students to stand on is the chosen occupation, which is not only the basis of life, but more importantly reflects the value of everyone's existence.
However, the survey found that a considerable number of college students do not have a very clear orientation for their future and do not know what they must do in the future. From school to society, many people don't consider career development at first. When looking for a job, first, look at which unit has the biggest brand, and then which unit can go abroad. Third, choose which unit has the highest salary, regardless of its own development. Therefore, it is particularly important for a person's life to plan his studies according to his personal characteristics and establish the future development direction. However, there is a series of science about how to develop one's studies. This science is actually the process or method of career design. According to the theory and principles of career planning and the criteria of success, college students should master the correct career design methods, accurately position themselves, plan their lives reasonably, list specific measures and timetables, reduce hesitation on the road of life through forward-looking career design, avoid wasting time, and make full preparations for meeting the challenges of future development.
College students' academic career planning is conducive to self-orientation, self-cognition, self-understanding, clear direction and clear life goals. When they plan, they always ask, "What do I want to do? what can I do? What are you going to do now? What is the employment environment? " This is helpful to the individualized development of students and the cultivation of innovative talents. Personality publicity is not the display of "personality color". Students can find things to do by themselves. If they are interested in writing and have certain ability, they can try to write a book. Find what you are good at and give full play to it.
Therefore, it is very necessary for college students to plan their academic career as soon as possible, and it is also important to follow certain principles when planning their academic career, so it is very important to know and position themselves. Under the global competition, everyone should give full play to their own specialties. Engaged in the work they love, such people are the happiest and happiest people, and they are most likely to achieve the greatest success in their careers. "bosom friend" is very important, so is "knowing each other". The reason why employees work in enterprises depends on the following five factors:
1, the company prospect is consistent with the personal prospect;
2. Corporate culture;
3. Direct superior management ability;
4. Fairness of performance appraisal;
5. Salary level.
It can be seen that the coincidence of company prospects and personal prospects is very important for the stability of employees. A number of surveys show that the personal development of employees has become the most important reason for leaving after salary.
Promotion is the demand and welfare of employees. Career planning is a kind of expression that enterprises love employees, and career planning is a way for employees to find suitable positions in enterprises. People who have their own career plans will have clear development goals. Everyone's life is not only related to income, but also to their own career planning and development. Only those with goals can resist the short-term temptation, those with goals will firmly move in their own direction, and those with goals will have a sense of accomplishment.
Everyone can achieve the greatest success only if he finds his own role, does what he likes, achieves the ultimate and is the easiest to succeed. Many times, the failure of people does not mean incompetence, but the failure of role positioning. Personal career planning is an effective way to locate personal roles. Small and medium-sized enterprises have some inherent shortcomings in human resource management, such as small scale, low popularity and limited salary and welfare resources. As a result, it is difficult to attract and retain outstanding talents, and it is more necessary to make career planning for employees. In terms of employee career planning, SMEs have the following advantages:
1, flexible mechanism, small and medium-sized enterprises can realize the multi-directional development and internal mobility of employees, meet the diversified development needs of employees and enhance their professional competitiveness;
2. The work design is not as standardized and detailed as that of large enterprises. In large enterprises, employees' jobs are relatively fixed, while small and medium-sized enterprises can let employees get enough exercise to realize the needs of multi-function and self-realization. To do a good job in career planning, we should analyze three aspects:
(1) What occupation/job suits you;
(2) Can your company provide such jobs and career paths?
(3) It is suitable for one's own occupation and urgently needed by social development.
It is the key and foundation of career planning to study which occupations/jobs you are suitable for; To answer this question, we should consider the following factors:
1, your career development stage,
2, their professional direction, (i.e., occupation type)
3, your own skills, (that is, your own skills, such as majors, hobbies, specialties, etc. )
4, their own career anchor, (that is, career motivation)
5. Your own professional interests.
Life has four stages of development:
(1), exploration stage: 65438+between 05 and 24 years old;
(2) Establishment stage: 24 to 44 years old, which is the core part of most people's work cycle. This stage includes three sub-stages: trial sub-stage (between 25 and 30 years old), stable sub-stage (between 30 and 40 years old) and mid-career crisis stage (at some point between 30 and 40 years old);
(3) Maintenance stage: 45 to 65 years old;
(4), the decline stage: over 66 years old, when retirement is approaching. People at different stages of career development have different things to consider. For example, in the exploration stage, you can try to explore more and find out your career orientation, career anchor point, career interest and so on. In your work, gradually find the most suitable career for you. People over the age of 40 should not try too much. They should carefully analyze their career orientation and career orientation, and choose an advantageous career for long-term planning. The age division here should also be differentiated according to different occupations. For example, in China, as a professional football player, he should retire at the age of 30; As a professor, 30 is almost the youngest.
It can be seen that college students are in the first stage-exploration stage.
2. My career orientation. Holland's research found that different people have different personality characteristics, and different personality characteristics are suitable for different occupations. Holland divides it into six professional orientations (types): (1), practical orientation, (2), research orientation, (3), social orientation, (4), conventional orientation, (5) and. Each occupation is suitable for a certain number of occupations. Through a series of tests, a person's career orientation can be determined. If a professional determines his career orientation, he can choose from a number of corresponding occupations.
3, my skills, (that is, our own skills, such as majors, hobbies, specialties, etc. )
4. My professional anchor. Career anchor is another factor that must be considered in career planning. When a person has to make a career choice, the most important thing in his career, and he will never give up, is the career anchor. Career anchor is the center of people's career choice and development. Everyone has his own professional anchor, and the factors that affect the professional anchor are: (1), talent and ability; (2), work motivation and needs; (3), life attitude and values.
Talent is the genetic gene at work, other factors are influenced by congenital factors, but more by acquired efforts and environment, so the career anchor will change. This is not the same as professional orientation.
For example, a doctor of medicine who has been a surgeon for 20 years, although his career orientation may not be suitable for being a surgeon, will basically not consider changing careers when determining his career, because his career is anchored at work. When Edgar Sheen studied professional anchors, he divided them into the following types: 1, technical or functional professional anchors; 2. Manage the career anchor; 3. Creative professional anchor; 4. Independent professional anchor; 5. Safe career anchor.
Technical type: Because of their own personality and hobbies, these people are often unwilling to engage in management work and are willing to develop in their own professional and technical fields. In the past, when China didn't train professional managers, top-notch technicians were often promoted to leadership positions, but they often didn't like the job themselves, and they wanted to continue studying their major.
Management type: These people have a strong desire to become managers, and experience also tells them that they have the ability to reach senior leadership positions. So they set their career goals as management positions with considerable responsibilities. The ability to become a senior manager includes three aspects: ① analytical ability: the ability to judge, analyze and solve problems under the condition of insufficient information or uncertain situation; 2 interpersonal skills: the ability to influence, supervise, lead, cope with and control people at all levels; Emotional control: the ability to face critical events without being depressed or discouraged, and the ability to take on major responsibilities without being overwhelmed by them.
Creative: This kind of people need to build their own things, or products or processes named after themselves, or their own companies, or private property that can reflect their personal achievements. They think that only these tangible things can show their talents.
Freedom and independence: some people like to be alone, rather than relying on each other as they do in big companies. Many people with this career orientation also have a fairly high technical career orientation. But it is not the same as purely technology-oriented. They don't want to develop in organizational groups, but prefer to be consultants, or start their own businesses, or start businesses in partnership with others. Other free and independent people often become freelance writers.
Security type: Some people are most concerned about the long-term stability and security of their jobs, and strive for a stable job, considerable income, superior welfare and pension system. At present, most people in our country choose this career orientation. Many times, this is determined by the level of social development, not entirely by one's own will. I believe that with the progress of society, people will no longer be forced to choose this type.
Like many classifications, there is no good or bad classification above. The reason why it is put forward is to help people know themselves better, rethink their career and set practical goals accordingly.
It is worth noting that with the progress of modern science and technology and society, college students should always pay attention to correcting their career goals and try their best to adapt their career choices to the needs of society. They must keep up with the development of the times and adapt to the needs of society so as not to be eliminated.
5. My professional interests. When making career planning, you should also consider your own professional interests, such as: like to travel (suitable for occupations that travel frequently); Like warm and humid climate (suitable for working in South China); I like to make my own decisions (I should be my own boss); Like to live in a medium-sized city; Don't want to work in a big company; Like to wear casual clothes to work; I don't like working behind a desk all day. In addition, my professional skills can not be ignored. If someone has an outstanding skill, it can bring them income, which should be an important factor to consider when making a career plan.
(2) Can your company provide such jobs and career paths?
In addition to studying what career/job you are suitable for, you should also consider what positions my company may offer you and choose those positions that suit you. If this company doesn't have a job that suits you, or your company can't provide a job that suits you, you should consider jumping ship. As the manager of the company, it is the responsibility to guide employees to do a good job in career planning and give employees a suitable career path. In this way, enterprises can make the best use of their talents; Employees can try their best to serve the company.
Due to the time limit of career planning, it is unrealistic to make a long-term plan in the face of the rapidly developing information society. Therefore, we should decompose the ideal goal into several operable small goals and plan ourselves flexibly according to our own reality and social development trend. Generally speaking, it is appropriate to take 5- 10 as a planning period. In this way, it will be easy to adapt to the needs of the times and adjust yourself flexibly. Too long or too short a plan is not conducive to your growth. There are two specific ways: one is to divide goals according to one's age, such as doing potential tests at the age of 8-25 and career planning at the age of 25-30; Second, according to the position in the career path, the direction of efforts in different periods should be made according to the stage change of the position, such as sprinting to the position of department manager in five years and becoming a manager with a title in 10 years.
(3) It is suitable for one's own occupation and urgently needed by social development.
When planning your career, you should also look to the future. Find out what I am doing now and what will happen in the future? Whether a person's occupation will increase or decrease in the future social demand. Will your competitive advantage in the future society gradually weaken with your age? Among the occupations that suit you, what are the urgent needs of social development? Wait a minute.
Conduct social analysis:
Society is progressing and changing. As college students who are about to enter the society, they should be good at grasping the pulse of social development. This requires an analysis of the social environment: the current social, political and economic development trends; Distribution and demand of social popular occupational categories; Social demand for this major; The position of your chosen profession in the current and future society; The influence of social development on its own development; Changes, position, market share and development trend of the selected unit in the future development of the industry. ; Understanding these social development trends will help us to grasp the needs of the professional society and make our career choices keep pace with the times. At the same time, individuals are in a complex social environment and inevitably have to deal with all kinds of people, so it is particularly necessary to analyze interpersonal relationships. Interpersonal relationship analysis should pay attention to the following aspects: who will be associated with in the process of personal career development; Which of them will play an important role in their own development; What kind of superiors, subordinates, colleagues and competitors will you meet at work, what impact will it have on yourself, how to improve your interpersonal skills, how to get along with them and so on.
Fourth, how to make a scientific career plan for yourself
Considering the above three factors, I can make my own career plan.
1, the specific method of career design
One of the methods often used by many career counseling institutions and psychologists in counseling and career planning is the thinking mode of five "W". Start by asking who you are, and then go on. There are five questions:
(1) Who are you? who are you
(2) What do you want? What do you want?
(3) What can you do? What can you do?
(4) What can support you? What does the environment support or allow you to do?
(5) What can you become in the end? What is the ultimate career goal?
Answer these five questions and find their highest common ground, and you will have your own career plan.
For the first question, "Who am I?" We should have a deep reflection on ourselves, have a clear understanding and list all the advantages and disadvantages.
The second question is "What do I want to do?" It is a psychological investigation of a person's career development. Everyone's interests and goals at different stages are not exactly the same, and sometimes even completely opposite. But with the growth of age and experience, it gradually fixed and finally locked its lifelong ideal.
The third question is "What can I do?" It is a comprehensive summary of one's own ability and potential. The most fundamental position of a person's career depends on his ability, and the size of his career development space depends on his potential. To understand a person's potential, we should start from several aspects, such as interest in things, resilience in doing things, judgment of emergencies, whether the knowledge structure is comprehensive and whether it is updated in time.
The fourth question is "What does the environment support or allow me to do?" This kind of environmental support objectively includes various local conditions such as economic development, talent policy, enterprise system and professional space. Subjective aspects include colleague relationship, leadership attitude and kinship, which should be considered comprehensively. Sometimes when we choose a career, we often ignore the subjective aspect and fail to mobilize all the factors that are conducive to our own development, thus affecting our career entry point. It is the most normal and easiest to find a job abroad through the introduction of colleagues and acquaintances. Of course, we should know that this is essentially different from some abnormal "back doors" and other crooked ways. The difference is that the environmental support here is based on one's own ability.
Make clear the first four questions, and you will find the advantages and disadvantages of achieving the relevant career goals from each question, and list the career goals you want to do and those you can do under the most unfavorable conditions. Then the fifth question about "what is your ultimate career goal" naturally has a clear framework. Finally, list your own career plans, establish personal development planning files, and realize the ideal goal of employment through systematic study and training: what kind of unit to choose, predict your job promotion steps in the unit, and how to go from low to high step by step. For example, starting from a technician, on this basis, I strive to be familiar with the business field, improve my ability, and finally achieve the ideal career goal of a technical engineer; Forecast the change of work scope, requirements of different jobs and corresponding measures; Predict the possible competition, how to get along with and deal with it, and analyze the reliable ways of self-improvement; If there is deviation in the development process, the job is unsuitable or dismissed, how to change the career direction.
2, according to personal needs and changes in reality, constantly adjust career development goals and plans.
It is often said in the workplace that plans can't keep up with changes. For the problems and environment encountered, it is necessary to adjust in time.
Development plan, unchangeable development plan sometimes exists in name only.
According to the career direction, it is a good wish of every college student to choose a career that is beneficial to them and a unit that can realize their self-worth, but this step should be taken very carefully. As far as the first job in life is concerned, it is often not only a simple job, but more importantly, it will give you a preliminary understanding of your career and society. In a sense, it is your career initiation teacher. Finally, remind graduates that the secret of success in life is that when the opportunity comes, you are ready! Opportunities are equal to everyone, so don't say sorry in front of opportunities!
3. Implementation plan
After making a series of career development plans, how to finally implement them is a problem that every planner has to face.
A problem that needs to be considered and faced. A good plan can't be guaranteed without detailed implementation rules.
The boating went well.
The successful rule of dealing with complicated information and changing choices in the workplace is to establish effective information sorting and classification.
Analyze the screening system, and then plan your career reasonably according to your own competitiveness. In this way, in the process of career development,
Reach the other side of career success with good workplace sensitivity II.