Within half a year after operation, the diet was mainly low in salt. If there is no hypertension, edema and oliguria, the amount of salt can be increased appropriately, 6_8 grams per day (about two-thirds of the bottle cap). If diarrhea and polyuria occur, a normal diet should be given to prevent hyponatremia. Protein's intake should not be too high, so as not to increase the burden on the kidneys. It is best to have a light diet, avoid being greasy, limit foods with high cholesterol, and eat more fresh fruits and foods with high vitamins. Keep the stool unobstructed and observe the color, quantity and characteristics of urine. Prevent infection, try not to go to public places, prevent colds, pay attention to hygiene and change clothes frequently.
Nutritional diet
Balanced diet: People with normal renal function will consume more protein if they take steroids within 1 2 months after operation, so they should adopt a high-protein and high-calorie diet, and then resume a balanced diet after 1 2 months. If the renal function is still abnormal, it is recommended to eat according to the original habit of renal failure and consult a doctor in detail. And keep the standard weight: the standard weight algorithm: male: (height -80)×0.7, female: (height -70)×0.6, 10% is the normal weight.
1. Low calorie: Because of taking steroids, you have a good appetite and should maintain an ideal weight. When you are hungry, you can eat low-calorie foods to avoid getting fat, such as rice balls, love jade and watercress.
2. Five-grain root: 1 bowl (200g per bowl) or one medium-sized steamed bread or four pieces of toast per meal.
3. Milk: 65438+ 0-2 cups per day (240cc per cup) or fermented milk (240cc per cup) and cheese (about 30g).
4. Fish, beans and eggs: 4 servings each: one or two pieces of meat or poultry or fish (about 30g) or one piece of tofu (100g); Or a cup of soybean milk (240 degrees Celsius) or an egg.
5. Vegetables: 3 dishes per sample: 32 kinds of vegetables (about100g)
6. Fruit: 2 oranges of medium size (100g) each; Or pomegranate
7. Oil: 2-3 tablespoons per tablespoon: 1 tablespoon oil (15g)
8. protein's intake, one kilogram of body weight, protein is about one gram.
9. Sugar: Avoid sweets and reduce the sugar in foods, such as desserts, sweets, exquisite cakes and drinks: root beer and cola. Due to the long-term use of steroids and anti-rejection drugs after operation, some body types will change and the weight should be controlled within the normal range.
10. Salt: avoid salty food; Foods with high sodium content are prone to hypertension. Eat less salty foods with high sodium content, such as noodles, oily noodles, sweet and salty preserves and sweet and salty biscuits. Processed foods are also eaten less because of their high salt content. For example, canned and pickled products with high blood pressure should strictly limit the intake of salt. The normal edible salt content is 5-8g/day, and it is generally recommended not to exceed 5g (about one teaspoon).
1 1. lowering cholesterol: reducing oil and saturated fatty acids in food. Do not eat fried food, shortbread, snacks, chicken skin, duck skin, pig skin and fat, do not eat internal organs, and eat less egg yolk (one a day, including vegetarians). Unsaturated fatty acid meat foods, such as fresh fish, are often used. Unsaturated fatty acid vegetable oils can be used for cooking, such as sunflower oil, mustard oil and olive oil.
12. There is no need to supplement traditional Chinese medicine after operation because the potassium and phosphorus ions in Chinese herbal medicine are too high.
Suggestions for vegetarianism:
Pay attention to protein's intake. Vegetarians can eat foods with better nutrition in protein, such as tofu and dried bean curd. Gluten, flour sausage and beans are used less.
The patient's diet should be light, avoid greasy food, avoid fried food, and limit the intake of high cholesterol foods such as animal viscera, egg yolk, crab roe, pig's trotters, skin and chicken skin. You can eat calcium-rich foods such as milk and ribs soup intermittently to prevent osteoporosis. Proper addition of vinegar can increase the dissolution and absorption of calcium. In addition, calcium supplementation should not be excessive, otherwise it will increase the burden on the kidneys.
Eat less and more meals, eat more green leafy vegetables, avoid irritating foods such as coffee and tea from entering the gastrointestinal tract, and quit smoking and drinking. Because 7% of patients who use cyclosporine may have gout, they should eat less purine foods such as seafood and animal offal. Be careful not to be too tired, pay attention to rest and keep a good mood.
In order to avoid increasing the burden on the kidney, the following items should be paid attention to after nephrectomy:
1. If antibiotics are needed, drugs with low nephrotoxicity must be selected and applied after bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test. If there is renal insufficiency, the dosage and time of administration should be determined with reference to creatinine clearance rate.
2. If blood transfusion is needed, a small amount of fresh blood should be transfused many times.
3. If the retained renal function is seriously damaged, dialysis or kidney transplantation should be performed.
4. Use contrast media carefully for inspection.
5. Pay attention to the treatment of complications, such as hypertension, diabetes and infection.