The physical properties of corn are composed of grain color, grain shape, seed coat luster, grain length, grain width, 100-grain weight, grain size, grain uniformity and hard seed rate. The colors of corn seeds include seed coat, aleurone layer (rich in protein, also known as protein layer) and endosperm. In most cases, the endosperm color of mature corn seeds is yellow or white, and the seed coat and aleurone layer are colorless and transparent. According to the different colors of corn seeds, corn can be divided into three types: yellow corn, white corn and mixed corn. According to the different shapes, hardness and uses of corn, corn can be divided into ordinary corn (hard grain type, intermediate type, horse tooth type, hard horse type and hard horse type) and special corn (high lysine corn, high oil corn, sweet corn, popcorn and waxy corn). The shape and size of corn vary from variety to variety. Generally, corn is 8- 12mm long, 7- 10mm wide and 3-7mm thick. If the difference between corn particles is too large, it will make it difficult to clean and break corn during processing.
Corn is a Gramineae plant, which consists of endosperm, embryo, husk and tip, with contents of 82%, 12%, 5% and 1% respectively. Corn embryo is the endosperm of seeds and has high nutritional value. Every 100g contains more than 4.6g of fat, more than 8.2g of protein, more than 70.6g of carbohydrate, more than 0.3g of crude fiber, more than 0.7mg of calcium/kloc-0, more than 2.0mg of iron, more than 2 1mg of phosphorus and more than 2.4mg of nicotinic acid. Starch mainly exists in endosperm, and embryo contains a lot of oil and ash. [3]