Preschool children aged 3-6 are the key period of psychological development, growth and personality formation, which is characterized by strong plasticity, but extremely immature psychological development, low level of self-regulation, weak self-awareness, and easy to be influenced by environment and bad factors to form unhealthy psychology and personality. The mental health of preschool children will have a far-reaching impact on their cognition, emotion, personality, moral development and social adaptation. At present, due to the influence of traditional educational concepts, culture and other factors, the cultivation of children's healthy psychology and personality is neglected, which leads to the widespread problems of children, such as poor independence, psychological fragility, fear of hardship, willfulness, lack of care for people, lack of creativity, lack of awareness and ability of cooperation and communication, and poor self-control. Many children still have various psychological and behavioral deviations, such as autism, aggressive behavior, timidity, hyperactivity, finger sucking and so on. If this situation is not taken seriously, it will inevitably affect the development of young children. Paying attention to and strengthening children's mental health education is becoming the consensus of the whole society. As the foundation of national quality education, kindergarten education should lay a solid foundation for children's lifelong development and success. Therefore. Kindergartens all over the country have also carried out relevant exploration and research. While attaching importance to children's physical health, it also opened the prelude to children's mental health education.
First, the problems existing in the implementation of infant health education in kindergartens
(a) There is a disconnect between knowledge and practice.
The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education clearly points out that "kindergartens put the protection of children's lives and the promotion of children's health in the first place", "we must attach great importance to children's health education" and "kindergartens should pay attention to children's health first". Chen Heqin, a child educator, said that "a sound body is the foundation of being a man, being a man, doing things and learning". Therefore, it is very important to protect children's health and promote their healthy growth. What is health? The World Health Organization (WHO) pointed out: The so-called health refers to being in a completely good state physically, mentally and socially, rather than simply not having diseases. That is, health involves not only people's physiology and psychology, but also social and moral issues. Physical health, mental health and moral health together constitute the overall definition of health. In kindergarten, many teachers have understood the new concept of health and the importance of maintaining children's physical and mental health. However, the emphasis on ideas has not been translated into action. In the practice of preschool education, it is not uncommon to ignore children's mental health or misunderstand mental health education. They believe that mental health education is a matter for health care doctors or full-time psychological educators, and has little to do with themselves. They do not attach importance to the protection of children's mental health, and mental health education has become an empty talk.
(2) Lack of systematic knowledge of mental health education, and lack of necessary bridge and support for mental health education.
At present, there is no special mental health education course in kindergarten curriculum, and most teachers have not received special psychological education training, which leads to the lack of clear objectives and scattered content of psychological education, let alone the construction of psychological education system. Teachers' knowledge of mental health is sporadic, lacking systematic and relatively fixed education time guarantee. Teachers are at a loss as to what is mental health, what is the standard of children's mental health, what common psychological problems children are prone to have, how to carry out mental health education for children and how to evaluate the effect of mental health education. Although they want to maintain their children psychologically, they are at a loss because of lack of relevant knowledge. In fact, mental health education is in a dispensable position, or it has become a fashionable slogan, but it has not been solidly implemented. When children with psychological problems appear, teachers either turn a blind eye or do nothing, which further aggravates the children's bad psychology.
(C) ignoring the maintenance of teachers' own mental health
The teaching profession is a noble and special profession, as Jaspers said: "Education is that one tree shakes another tree, one cloud pushes another cloud, and one soul awakens another soul." This particularity of teachers' work determines the importance of teachers' psychological quality. However, teachers are also ordinary people. Professional title evaluation, business competition, exam-oriented education, social expectations of teachers, interpersonal relationship between parents and teachers, pressure in life and competition in work will all make teachers have different degrees of psychological pressure, which will lead to psychological problems of one kind or another. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen the psychological health maintenance of teachers themselves. It is no exaggeration to say that teachers' words and deeds have a great and far-reaching influence on children's psychological development and growth. To make children have good psychological quality, teachers should first have good psychological quality, and to improve children's mental health level, teachers should have a higher level of mental health. Regrettably, we often ignore the maintenance of teachers' own mental health in our lives.
(D) Families are not synchronized in children's mental health education.
Nowadays, families are often "April 21" families, and the only child is the apple of their eye. Parents are always ready, no matter whether the child's requirements are reasonable or not, they are all spoiled and loved. On the other hand, parents attach importance to education, and parents' expectations for children are rising, but children are bearing more and more psychological burdens in the great material satisfaction. Some parents ignore their children's mental health and have little or no understanding of their children's mental health. Poor family living environment, tense interpersonal relationship and incorrect parenting attitude often lead to different psychological and social behavior problems of children, such as losing temper, playing pranks, being unfriendly to other children, being willful, shrinking back, crying easily and being overly sensitive. Some children with bad habits are also common in kindergartens, such as sucking their fingers, biting their nails, blinking, picking their nostrils, shrugging their shoulders, biting clothes and being aggressive. However, parents do not think that children have psychological problems, and mental health education is obviously lagging behind.
In addition, some parents overemphasize respect for children's personality, blindly appreciate and encourage children, which leads to children's failure to understand themselves correctly. Strictly asking teachers to correct their children's bad habits is also regarded as disrespect for children, which is not conducive to their normal psychological development.
Second, ways and means to solve the problems in children's mental health education
(1) Pay attention to the integration of knowledge and practice, and incorporate children's mental health education into daily educational activities.
It is impossible to carry out children's mental health education well only by attaching importance to ideas without the support of perfect children's mental health education mechanism, systematic theoretical system and educational content. Therefore, on the basis of attaching great importance to children's mental health education, we should respect and pay attention to children and put the concept of attaching importance to psychological education into teachers' teaching behavior. According to the characteristics and actual needs of children's physical and mental development, the educational model, educational objectives, main contents and ways suitable for children's mental health education are formulated. At the same time, combined with the teaching of various subjects, the psychological health education is infiltrated into various educational activities in kindergartens by using educational skills, such as launching a series of activities on the theme of "I am a healthy little star", consciously infiltrating and cultivating children's positive and healthy psychological quality from all fields, and carrying out children's psychological health education in a down-to-earth manner.
(2) Strengthen the systematic knowledge training of mental health and improve the level of children's mental health education.
Kindergarten teachers are the main implementers of children's mental health education. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the mechanism of children's mental health education and invite professionals to systematically train the theory, content and methods of children's mental health education. Grasp the connotation of children's mental health: positive emotional characteristics; Good will characteristics; Good realistic attitude (including society, collective, others and oneself); Good social adaptability. According to the characteristics of children's age and psychological development, we should choose the skills and methods suitable for children's mental health education, and cultivate children's good mood, personality and will quality in an intuitive and vivid form. For example, let children be familiar with animated characters, stories and games to complete educational activities. In daily work, we must first create a good psychological atmosphere for our children. Establish a democratic and harmonious relationship between teachers and students and create a free and relaxed activity environment. Respect children, pay attention to children, meet their psychological needs, strive to create opportunities for success for each child, meet their needs for success, and so on. Secondly, "love comes first", observing children's inner feelings with love, helping children get rid of bad emotions in time and relieve internal psychological pressure; Meet children's psychological safety needs in time; Finally, it is more conducive to the healthy development of children's body and mind to carry out appropriate frustration education for children and let them learn interpersonal skills. For example, when guiding children to have good interpersonal communication, children can increase the frequency of communication, sincerely care about their peers, learn to be tolerant of others, and put themselves in others' shoes, thus inspiring children how to get everyone's love, harmonize interpersonal relationships, let children learn to communicate with others, reduce the generation of negative emotions, and effectively avoid children from being hurt. Teachers gradually master the necessary professional knowledge, regularly exchange the knowledge of applied psychology, and manage the experience and experience of educating children, which can improve the level of teachers' mental health education and reduce the occurrence of children's psychological problems.
(3) Pay attention to teachers' mental health, strengthen teachers' psychological maintenance and improve teachers' psychological quality.
For example, Dr. Yu Guoliang from the National Institute of Educational Sciences said that psychological problems are like cooking jiaozi, which may be "cooked" in kindergarten, but it didn't come up until high school and university. Once psychological problems appear, they often accompany children for life and affect their life, study and work. This shows the urgency and necessity of children's psychological education, and teachers are the main implementers of children's mental health education, and their mental health directly affects children's psychological development. In real life, teachers' low status, low pay, hard and tedious work, coupled with social expectations, peer competition and high demands from parents, will all put great pressure on teachers' hearts, easily lead to internal contradictions and affect teachers' emotions. If not persuaded, teachers will have psychological problems of one kind or another. Therefore, kindergartens should attach importance to teachers' mental health and strengthen their psychological maintenance. Create a relaxed, democratic and harmonious working atmosphere, manage people with emotion, touch people with emotion, respect teachers, stimulate teachers' enthusiasm for work, let every teacher experience success, and stimulate teachers' sense of ownership and professional happiness; Provide a favorable platform for teachers' professional growth and experience the happiness of growth and the psychological satisfaction of being respected and needed. Sincerely care about teachers' life, effectively solve teachers' vital interests, do a good job of teachers' self-regulation, enhance self-cultivation and improve teachers' psychological quality.
(D) create a good educational atmosphere and pay attention to the consistency of family education.
Family is the first school for children to grow up, and it undertakes the cultivation of children's psychological qualities such as emotion, personality and will. Therefore, parents are also the main implementers of children's mental health education, and they also need to have a high level of mental health. More importantly, parents should strengthen the training of parents' mental health system knowledge and popularize their children's mental health knowledge through various forms. For children's mental health, parents should create a harmonious and happy family environment; Help children to establish a correct attitude towards life and learn to understand things correctly; Be the master of emotions, treat the contradictions in life with calm emotions, maintain a psychological balance in adversity, educate children to treat themselves correctly, actively encourage children to participate in group activities, and enrich their spiritual life; Cultivating children's sense of humor is conducive to cultivating children's healthy psychology, and paying attention to the combination of work and rest is conducive to physical and mental health; If you have mental illness, you should make timely diagnosis and treatment.
In a word, it is an important way to cultivate children's healthy psychology by strengthening the connection between kindergarten, family and social education, making extensive use of various educational resources inside and outside the kindergarten and forming an educational environment in which kindergarten, society and family are integrated.
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