Cough is a protective respiratory reflex action of human body. Cough reflex can effectively remove secretions in the respiratory tract or foreign bodies entering the airway. However, coughing also has its disadvantages. Severe cough can lead to respiratory bleeding. If a long-term, frequent and severe cough affects work and rest, and even causes sore throat, hoarseness and respiratory myalgia, it is a pathological phenomenon.

Cough is the main symptom of respiratory diseases, such as cough without phlegm or dry cough, which is common in the early stage of acute pharyngitis and bronchitis. Acute sudden cough is more common in bronchial foreign bodies; Long-term chronic cough, more common in chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis and so on. The side effect of cough is that it can spread tracheal lesions to adjacent bronchioles, making the condition worse. In addition, persistent severe cough will affect rest, easily consume physical strength, and can cause the destruction of elastic tissue of alveolar wall and induce emphysema. The formation and recurrence of cough is often the result of a combination of complex factors. 1. Inhalations can be divided into two types: specific and nonspecific. The former such as dust mites, pollen, fungi, animal dander and so on. Nonspecific inhalants, such as sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, chloramine, etc. Specific inhalants for occupational cough, such as toluene diisocyanate, phthalic anhydride, ethylenediamine, penicillin, protease, amylase, silk, animal dander or excrement, etc. In addition, nonspecific ones include formaldehyde and formic acid. 2. The formation and attack of infectious cough are related to repeated respiratory infections. There may be specific IgE such as bacteria, viruses and mycoplasma in patients with cough. If inhaled, the corresponding antitussive principle can stimulate cough. After virus infection, it can directly damage the respiratory epithelium, leading to increased respiratory reactivity. Some scholars believe that interferon and IL- 1 produced by virus infection increase histamine released by basophils. In infancy, many people have cough symptoms after respiratory virus (especially respiratory syncytial virus) infection. Cough caused by parasites such as roundworms and hookworms can still be seen in rural areas. 3. Cough attacks caused by food are more common in cough patients, especially infants who are allergic to food, but gradually decrease with age. The most common foods that cause allergies are fish, shrimp, crab, eggs and milk. 4. Climate change When the temperature, air temperature, air pressure and/or ions in the air change, it can induce cough, so it is more common in cold seasons or climate change in autumn and winter. 5. Emotional excitement, tension and resentment of patients with mental factors. Can cause cough attacks. It is generally believed that it is caused by reflex or hyperventilation of cerebral cortex and vagus nerve. 6. About 70% ~ 80% of cough patients who exercise induce cough after strenuous exercise, which is called exercise cough, or exercise cough. Clinical manifestations include cough, chest tightness, shortness of breath, wheezing, auscultation and wheezing. Some patients have no typical asthma after exercise, but bronchospasm can be found by lung function examination before and after exercise. 7. Cough and drugs Some drugs can cause cough attacks, such as propranolol, which can cause cough by blocking β2 adrenergic receptors. Edit the clinical manifestations of this paragraph.

1. The nature of cough is a cough with no or little phlegm, which is called dry cough. Dry cough or irritating cough is common in acute and chronic pharyngolaryngitis, laryngeal cancer, early acute bronchitis, tracheal compression, bronchial foreign bodies, bronchial tumors, pleural diseases, primary pulmonary hypertension and mitral stenosis. Cough with phlegm is called wet cough, which is common in chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, lung abscess and cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis. 2. Time and regularity of cough Sudden cough is often caused by inhalation of irritating gas or foreign bodies, lymph nodes or tumors compressing trachea or bronchial bifurcation. Paroxysmal cough can be seen in whooping cough, endobronchial tuberculosis and bronchial asthma (variant asthma) with cough as the main symptom. Long-term chronic cough is more common in chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, lung abscess and tuberculosis. Cough at night is common in patients with left heart failure and pulmonary tuberculosis. The cause of nocturnal cough may be related to the aggravation of pulmonary congestion and the increase of vagus nerve excitability at night. 3. The timbre of cough refers to the characteristics of cough sound. For example: ① Cough and hoarseness are mostly caused by vocal cord inflammation or tumor compression of recurrent laryngeal nerve; (2) Cockcrow-like cough, characterized by persistent paroxysmal severe cough accompanied by high-pitched inspiratory echo, which is more common in whooping cough, epiglottis, laryngeal diseases or tracheal compression; (3) Metal cough is mostly caused by mediastinal tumor, aortic aneurysm or bronchial cancer directly compressing trachea; ④ Low or weak cough sounds are seen in severe emphysema, vocal cord paralysis and extreme weakness. Edit this paragraph with symptoms.

1. Cough with fever is more common in acute upper and lower respiratory tract infection, tuberculosis and pleurisy. 2. Cough with chest pain is common in pneumonia, pleurisy, bronchopulmonary carcinoma, pulmonary embolism and spontaneous pneumothorax. 3. Cough dyspnea can be seen in laryngeal edema, laryngeal tumor, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe pneumonia, tuberculosis, massive pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pulmonary congestion, pulmonary edema and foreign bodies in trachea or bronchus. 4. Cough and hemoptysis are common in bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, lung abscess, bronchial lung cancer, mitral stenosis, bronchial stones, pulmonary hemosiderosis and so on. 5. Coughing up a lot of purulent sputum is common in bronchiectasis, lung abscess, pulmonary cyst's complicated infection and bronchopleural fistula. 6. Cough with wheezing sounds is more common in bronchial asthma, chronic asthmatic bronchitis, cardiogenic asthma, diffuse panbronchiolitis and tracheobronchial foreign bodies. When bronchial lung cancer causes incomplete obstruction of trachea and bronchus, inspiratory wheezing with localized distribution may occur. 7. Cough with clubbed fingers (toes) is common in bronchiectasis, chronic lung abscess, bronchial lung cancer and empyema. Edit this part of the diagnosis.

A disease that causes a cough.

From top to bottom, the respiratory tract is: frontal sinusitis, sinusitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia. According to the disease spectrum, there are whooping cough, whooping cough syndrome, cold, flu, upper respiratory tract infection, allergic cough's disease, bronchial asthma and cardiogenic cough. According to the type of cough, it can be divided into peripheral cough and central cough. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, it is divided into: damp-heat cough, cold asthma cough, fever cough, cold cough and so on. In the treatment of these diseases, cough treatment is an auxiliary treatment, and the weight of cough treatment cannot be added to cough medicine. Frontal sinusitis, sinusitis, rhinitis and pharyngitis are all difficult diseases and belong to the category of otorhinolaryngology. However, most children are treated in pediatric internal medicine outpatient department, which is easy to be misdiagnosed. Parents should think of seeing an otolaryngologist to get rid of the cause of cough in time. Even cough caused by tracheitis and pneumonia does not necessarily have active infection. For chronic cough, there is no need to use antibiotics or even antiviral drugs for a long time. In the absence of bacterial or viral infection, long-term use of antibiotics can only increase the side effects of drugs, such as leukopenia, flora imbalance, impaired gastric function, loss of appetite in children, etc., which is not desirable. At this time, the treatment should focus on the protection, repair and functional recovery of respiratory mucosa. For example, taking vitamin AD capsules is beneficial to the repair of intima, drinking more water, proper indoor air humidity, improving ciliary movement function, making sputum dilute, easy to discharge, fresh air, reducing indoor dust and physical and chemical factors, and contributing to the recovery of respiratory intima function.

Allergic cough

Allergic cough is a persistent inflammatory reaction caused by antigenic or non-antigenic stimuli, and children often have persistent or recurrent severe cough. If this cough is not diagnosed and treated in time, about 42.9% children will have asthma symptoms and even develop bronchial asthma.

Special formula

[Formula 1] Perilla, almond, ginger and brown sugar 1 g each. Mash perilla and almond, stir-fry ginger slices together, take juice to remove residue, add brown sugar and cook for a while to dissolve it, and drink it 2-3 times a day. This prescription can dispel cold and relieve cough, and is effective for cough caused by exogenous cold. [Formula 2] Bitter almond 6- 10g, ginger 3 pieces, white radish 10g. Mash the medicine, add 400 ml of water, decoct with slow fire to 100 ml, add a little sugar to taste, and take it once a day 1 dose. This recipe can dispel cold, eliminate phlegm and relieve cough, and is suitable for cough caused by exogenous cold [Formula 3] 60 grams of dried tangerine peel, 30 grams of ginger and 250 grams of honey. Decoct Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens in water for 65,438+0 minutes, and then decoct in water for 3 times. Mixing decoctions, decocting with slow fire, concentrating, mixing with honey until boiling, and bottling. Three tablespoons three times a day. This prescription is suitable for dispelling cold, warming lung, resolving phlegm and relieving cough [Formula 4] 65438 grams of ginger and proper amount of maltose. Wash ginger, shred it, put it in a porcelain cup, brew it with boiling water, cover it and soak it for 10 minute, then add a proper amount of maltose, and replace wine with tea, regardless of time and times, without sweating. This prescription is suitable for cold cough. [Formula 5] Onion 5- 10, fermented soybean 10g, perilla stem or dried tangerine peel 3g, and appropriate amount of brown sugar. Wash the onion, take the onion white, fry the juice with lobster sauce and tangerine peel casserole, and then add brown sugar. Drink several times a day as appropriate. This prescription is suitable for cold cough. [Fang Liu] 5 fresh sandalwood olives, rock sugar 15g. Wash olives, add crystal sugar and appropriate amount of water, and fry them until they taste good. Take them once or several times. This prescription is suitable for children to clear away heat and relieve cough. [Fang Qi] 20g of honeysuckle, 5g of mint and a small amount of honey. Stir-fry honeysuckle first and take about 2 small bowls of juice. Before the medicine is finished, add mint and fry for about 3 minutes. Store in a bottle and mix with honey for drinking. This prescription is suitable for wind-heat cough. [Square 8] Clean towel gourd flower 10g, and appropriate amount of honey. Put the towel gourd flower in a porcelain cup, brew it with boiling water, cover it and soak it for 10 minute, then add honey and take it while it is hot, three times a day. This prescription is suitable for wind-heat cough. [Fang Jiu] Count the clams, 30 grams of honey and an appropriate amount of fresh radish. Bake the gecko and grind it into powder. Take 6 grams of gecko powder each time, and take it with honey and radish. This recipe can nourish yin and clear lung, and is suitable for dry cough caused by fire dryness and yin injury. [Prescription 10] Lily (fresh), loquat (peeled) and fresh lotus root (washed and sliced) each 30g. Slices of lily, loquat and lotus root are cooked together, and appropriate amount of sugar is added. If rock sugar is better, drink it often instead of drinking tea. This prescription is suitable for cough caused by lung injury caused by dry heat. Edit this winter cough prescription

1. 1 scallion, cold and cough radish, 6 shallots, 15g ginger. Boil the radish in three bowls of water first, then add the onion and ginger and cook a bowl of soup. Take it once with slag. Dispelling lung and relieving exterior syndrome, resolving phlegm and relieving cough. Treat cough due to wind-cold, excessive phlegm, chills, fatigue and soreness. 2. Cold Cough Brown Sugar Ginger Jujube Soup 30 grams of brown sugar, 15 grams of fresh ginger and 30 grams of red dates. Fry in three bowls of water until half cooked. Take it immediately, and you can recover after taking it with a little sweat. Dispel wind and cold. Treat cough due to wind-cold, tingling in stomach cold, postpartum cold diarrhea, evil yin and so on. 3. Wusong Tang Ping has a cold and cough, Wusong (coriander) 30g, maltose 30g, and rice 100g. Wash the rice first and add water to make soup. Take three tablespoons of rice soup, add coriander and maltose, stir and steam for 10 minute. Eat it once while it is hot, and pay attention to avoid cold. Walking across the table in a sweat. Treat cough caused by cold. 4, white radish honey for colds and coughs 65438+ 0 white radish, 30 grams of honey, 5 white peppers, 2 grams of ephedra. Wash the radish, slice it, put it in a bowl, pour in honey, white pepper and ephedra, steam it for half an hour and take it while it is hot, and lie in bed to see the sweat. Sweating to dispel cold, relieving cough and resolving phlegm. Treat cold cough. 5. Sheep honey cream for treating fatigue, cough and lung flaccidity: 250g of cooked sheep fat, 250g of cooked sheep marrow, 250g of white honey, 0/00ml of ginger juice/kloc-and 500ml of rehmannia juice. Frying sheep oil, and boiling; Next time, the sheep bone marrow makes it boil again; Next time, add honey, Radix Rehmanniae and ginger juice, stir constantly, and cook for several times on low heat to make a paste. Warm wine with 1 spoon on an empty stomach every day, or make ginger soup or porridge. Tonify deficiency, moisten lung, dispel wind and detoxify. It can be used for treating fever due to yin deficiency, bone steaming, fatigue, emaciation, cough and lung flaccidity, and also has the effects of moistening lung and moistening skin. 6. Fresh pear Fritillaria for cough and lung abscess 500 grams of fresh pear, 6 grams of Fritillaria powder and 30 grams of sugar. Peel the pear, cut it into pieces, remove the core, fill it with chopped Fritillaria and white sugar, put it together and steam it in a bowl. Eat separately in the morning and evening. Clearing heat and resolving phlegm, relieving depression and relieving exterior syndrome. Can be used for treating cough or lung abscess, with symptoms of chest pain, chills, cough, fever, dry mouth, dry throat, yellow and fishy phlegm or purulent blood and excessive phlegm. 7. Drink horse milk to clear away heat and relieve cough, 300 ml of fresh horse milk, and appropriate amount of sugar. Boiled horse milk; Add sugar when drinking. According to reports, horse milk "quenches thirst and cures heat", which has the effects of enriching blood and promoting fluid production, moistening dryness and relieving cough. It has a good auxiliary treatment effect on cough and hot flashes of pulmonary tuberculosis. 8. Rock sugar bird's nest porridge 10g, rice 10g and rock sugar 50g for treating lung deficiency and chronic cough. Soak the bird's nest in warm water to remove fluff and dirt, and then put it in a boiling water bowl to continue soaking. Take the first-class rice, wash it, put it in a pot, add three bowls of water, boil it with strong fire, and cook it with slow fire instead. Put pure bird's nest in a pot and cook it with rice for about 1 hour, then add rock sugar to dissolve it. Nourishing yin and moistening lung, relieving cough and resolving phlegm. Treat lung deficiency, chronic cough, dyspnea and yin injury. 9. Bird's Nest Pear Bird's Nest (soaked in water) 5g, Pak Lei 2, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae10g, and rock sugar 5g. Pak Lei dug out the stone, put the other three flavors into the pear, covered it, tied it in a bowl and stewed it in water. Get food. Nourishing yin and moistening dryness, relieving cough and resolving phlegm. Treating phlegm and cough for many years, shortness of breath and fatigue. 10.65438 Radish, 5 white peppers, 3 slices of ginger, 1 slice of dried tangerine peel for relieving cough and resolving phlegm. Add water and fry for 30 minutes. Drink soup twice a day. Reducing qi and resolving phlegm. Treat phlegm and cough. Edit this paragraph cough diet therapy

For cold and cough, almond 10g, 3 slices of ginger and radish 10g can be decocted with water. Wind-heat cough can be matched with lotus root juice and pear juice. Phlegm heat cough might as well use a fresh cooked papaya, peeled and steamed, and add a little honey to eat. Cooking porridge with coix seed for phlegm-dampness cough is helpful to treat cough and expectoration in throat; Or decoct 30 grams of orange peel into thick juice, remove residues, and add 50 to 100 grams of japonica rice to cook porridge. For chronic cough caused by lung qi deficiency or yin deficiency, use more than 20 grapefruit seeds, add rock sugar and water to decoction, three times a day, which is beneficial to chronic cough. You can also eat 30 grams of steamed lily honey, which is good for chronic cough and dry mouth. Cough relieving diet recipe: Ginkgo chicken porridge raw materials: Ginkgo, chicken breast, shrimp, rice porridge, shredded ginger, chopped green onion, seasoning. Method: Chop the chicken breast into minced chicken, add soy sauce, peanut oil, cooking wine, pepper, tender meat powder and shredded ginger, mix well and marinate for later use; Cook a pot of rice porridge, add a little shrimp when cooking the porridge, add ginkgo when the porridge is almost finished and continue cooking for 10 minutes, then add chicken paste to cook, add appropriate amount of salt and sesame oil, and sprinkle with chopped green onion. Efficacy: delicious and nutritious, relieving cough and asthma. Ginkgo biloba can moisten the lungs and replenish qi, so it is suitable for cooked food and not for long-term consumption. Adenophora adenophora lily duck soup consists of adenophora adenophora 30g, lily 30g and fat duck meat150g. Method: Wash Radix Glehniae, Bulbus Lilii and Duck separately, put them into a pot together, add appropriate amount of water, first boil them with strong fire, and then stew them with slow fire until the ducks are cooked. Indications: nourishing yin and moistening lung, clearing heat and resolving phlegm. It is suitable for cough and expectoration, dry mouth and throat, tuberculosis cough caused by lung heat and yin deficiency. Usage: Eat duck with soup. Ingredients of almond pig lung porridge: pig lung 90g north almond10g; 60 grams of japonica rice. Methods: (1), peeled almond tips were washed; Wash the pig lungs, cut them into pieces, put them in a pot, and rinse them with clean water when the water comes out. (2) Wash the japonica rice, put it into the pot with almonds and pig lungs, add water and simmer to make porridge. Indications: Chronic bronchitis belongs to patients with excessive phlegm. Symptoms include cough with excessive phlegm, dyspnea, asthma, chest tightness, diaphragmatic distension and slippery pulse. Usage: Take according to the amount. Edit this period of cold

Infectious disease, the pathogen is virus, which is easy to cause when the body is overtired, catches cold and the resistance drops. Symptoms are dry throat, stuffy nose, cough, sneezing and headache. Notes for editing this paragraph

(1) Rest can relieve the illness, so patients with cough should pay attention to rest. (2) Keep warm to avoid catching a cold. (3) Drinking plenty of water can replenish excessive water consumed by the body. (4) Eat more nutritious foods and try to abstain from irritating foods, such as cigarettes, wine, spicy food and cold drinks. (5) Treat a cold or cough as soon as possible without delay. (6) exposure to fresh air, some patients recuperate in the mountains and recover quickly, because fresh air will not aggravate the stimulation to the lungs and trachea.