1. Cultivation season: According to the temperature requirements for the differentiation and development of the fruiting body of the mushroom, cultivation can be carried out in autumn, winter and spring in northern my country, while in the south, autumn and winter are better.
2. Cultivation sites: C. elata has strong resistance to weeds and fast growth. It can be cultivated in many environments, such as idle bungalows, mushroom sheds, solar greenhouses, plastic greenhouses, ditches, etc.
3. Cultivation forms: There are three forms of artificial cultivation of P. elata: raw material, fermented material and clinker. Due to its strong resistance to impurities and fast mycelium growth and development, raw material and fermented material are mostly used in my country. Cultivation.
4. Culture material and stacking Commonly used formula 1: 100 kilograms of cottonseed hulls, 2 kilograms of lime, material-to-water ratio 1:1.3~1.5; this formula can be used for raw material cultivation or fermented material cultivation. Commonly used formula two: 70 kilograms of corn cobs, 15 kilograms of wheat bran, 15 kilograms of decomposed chicken manure, 4 kilograms of quicklime (the quality of lime varies from place to place, the amount added can be slightly changed), 0.3 kilograms of urea, 1 kilogram of gypsum, and a moisture content of 100 About 65/65. The pile of culture material requires a height of 1 meter, a width of 1.2 to 1.5 meters, and no limit on length. After building the pile, lightly compact the material surface, and then use a thicker wooden stick to evenly drill air holes in the pile from top to bottom to avoid anaerobic fermentation. When the temperature at 20 cm inside the pile rises to about 65°C, turn the pile for 12 hours. When turning the pile, the positions of the culture materials should be exchanged up and down, inside and outside, and the pile should be stirred evenly. After turning the pile for the first time, wait for the material temperature to rise above 60°C for 1 to 2 days, then turn the pile again, and turn it back and forth 3 to 4 times. Fermentation is complete when the corn cob turns dark brown and smells fermented.
5. Bagging for inoculation: Spread out the material pile, adjust the pH of the culture material to 7-8, and then bag for inoculation. The method is the same as for oyster mushrooms.
6. Management of bacterial growth: The temperature of the bacterial growth area should not exceed 25°C, and the relative air humidity should be 60% to 70%. At the same time, attention should be paid to shading and ventilation. The shed temperature should be controlled below 28°C. If it exceeds 28°C, attention should be paid to random cooling or ventilation. One week after the germination, check the mycelium germination. If it is found that mycelium does not germinate, it should be reseeded; if a small amount of miscellaneous bacterial infection is found, the ventilation and cooling of the germ-producing room should be strengthened to control or inhibit the development of miscellaneous bacteria. If the temperature is too low, it needs to be kept warm and heated to ensure normal growth and development of mycelium. Generally, the mycelium can cover the entire bag in 25 to 30 days.
7. Mushroom management: After the mycelium fills the bag, it can be maintained for another 3 to 7 days before mushroom management can be carried out. In production, mushroom walls are often used to manage mushroom production. The stacking method of mushroom walls is the same as that of oyster mushrooms. After the mushroom wall is built, the top of the wall is filled with water. The temperature of the mushroom house (shed) is maintained at 15-20°C and the air humidity is 85%-95%. The temperature difference is widened. Pay attention to ventilation and provide a certain amount of scattered light stimulation. After about a week, Buds will appear in large numbers. During the fruiting period, spray the ground and space of the cultivation site 2 to 3 times, and pay attention to ventilation to keep the air fresh. It usually takes 8 to 10 days from budding to harvesting of the mushrooms.
8. Harvesting: Harvesting can be done when the edge of the fruiting body cap is flat or slightly wavy. Stop spraying water 1 day before harvesting. When harvesting, hold the material surface with one hand and unscrew the fruiting body with the other hand, or use a knife to cut off the fruiting body at the base of the stipe. Wall cultivation, with proper management, can yield 4 to 6 mushrooms, with a general biological efficiency of 100%
Golden mushrooms, also known as golden mushrooms, jade emperor mushrooms and elm yellow mushrooms. Its fruiting bodies are mostly clustered or clustered, with fan-shaped, round or trumpet-shaped caps. When mature, the caps are golden yellow, with thin and curled edges, and smooth surfaces; the caps are 2 to 12 cm wide and 2 to 10 cm long, with fine hairs and many Lateral growth. The gills are pendulous, white, dense, and unequal in length. The stipe is white and slightly yellow, connected at the base, and the whole cluster of fruiting bodies is like a gorgeous golden flower. The Golden Top Mushroom has a rich aroma, crisp and tender taste, and is rich in nutrients. It contains protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and other nutrients. Medicinally, it has the effects of nourishing and fitness, resolving phlegm and relieving asthma, calming the liver and strengthening the stomach, lowering blood pressure and reducing fat, and anti-tumor. Therefore, it is called "a fashionable delicacy given to the world by God". Golden cap mushroom was originally a famous wild edible fungus in the forest area of ??Northeast my country. In recent years, it has been successfully domesticated and cultivated artificially. The cultivation techniques are now introduced as follows: 1. Seasonal Arrangement Golden Top Mushroom is a mesophilic fungus. The mycelial growth range is 7-32℃, and 22-26℃ is the most suitable. However, it is not resistant to high temperatures and will die quickly above 40℃. . Fruiting body formation and growth can be carried out at 14-28°C, with 20-24°C being the most suitable. According to the bacterial characteristics, the natural temperatures in spring and autumn are more suitable for cultivation. The spring sowing is inoculated in March, and the mushrooms are harvested from April to May; the autumn sowing is inoculated in September, and the mushrooms are harvested from October to November. 2. For raw material processing, choose cottonseed shells or miscellaneous sawdust as raw materials, mix with 1.5% quicklime to make lime; and add 3000 times of phoxim. The moisture content of the culture material should be controlled to 60%-70%, stir evenly, and ferment the entire batch for 3-5 days. The material temperature should reach 60-70°C and the pH value should be 7-7.5. 3. Loading and inoculation Bag cultivation: Use (20-22 cm) × 55 cm polyethylene plastic bags to pack culture materials, inoculate both ends, and spread 2 layers of bacteria at equal distances in the middle, and then needle the ventilation holes. Each bag contains 1 kilogram of dry material and a wet weight of 2.3 kilograms. Each bottle of 750 grams of bacteria can be inoculated into 4 bags. Bed planting: Choose a site with high, dry terrain and close to water sources. Set up a shade shed, arrange a border with a width of 1-1.3 meters, and open drainage ditches. One day before stockpiling, spray the border surface and surrounding environment with 1000-1500 times dimethoate emulsion or 5% dichlorvos emulsion.
When stacking materials, first spread a layer of 5 cm thick culture material on the border, then sow 1 layer of bacteria, and sow 3-4 layers according to the layer of material. Remove the remaining bacteria on the material surface and pat it flat with a wooden board. Compact it slightly, then cover it with newspaper, and the film covers the bed surface. The thickness of the entire pile is 20 centimeters, 25 kilograms of dry material and 4 bottles of bacteria are used per meter. The amount of bacteria used generally accounts for about 15% of the culture material. 4. After the bacterial culture and inoculation, it enters the hyphal development stage. The bagged plants can be placed overlapping in a drying room that has been sterilized in advance. The temperature should be controlled at 23-28℃ for the first 3 to 4 days, but should not exceed 32℃. After 5 days, the temperature should be 22-26℃. When the temperature is low in spring, it should be heated for cultivation, but ventilation should be paid attention to; when the temperature is high in early autumn, windows should be opened for ventilation and cooling. Ventilation should be carried out every morning during the bacteria cultivation stage, and those who plant in bags should pay attention to opening the bags. During the germination period of bed planting, remove the film and ventilate it for 30 minutes every 2 days. When some mycelium climbs up the soil surface, take out the covering newspaper, cover it with soil 2-3 cm thick, and arch the covering film to facilitate ventilation. 5. Mushroom management and cultivation methods are different, and management methods are also different. After 20 to 25 days of cultivation, the bags should be moved to the mushroom house or outdoor shade shed to grow mushrooms. Use horizontal racks or stand on the open ground. When the tumor-like hyphae in the bag protrude and turn gray-white, it indicates physiological maturity. At this time, use a blade to cut the film into 2 to 3 mushroom openings. Buds will appear 2 days after the opening. Do not spray water when the mushroom buds first appear. , when most of the mushroom buds turn golden, spray and humidify until the relative humidity of the space is 85%. Spray water once a day during the mushroom development period, keep the relative humidity of the space at 90%-95%, and control the temperature at 20-24°C. Spray water to cool down when the temperature is high. Golden cap mushrooms are sensitive to carbon dioxide, so pay attention to ventilation and aeration throughout the fruiting period. After 25 days of cultivation in bed plants, mycelium will cover the surface of the material. Cold water should be sprayed and the temperature difference should be widened. Buds will appear in 5-10 days. During the mushrooming period, temperature, humidity, and ventilation are controlled according to the boat cultivation method. In summer, when the temperature is high during the fruiting period, you can spray water to cool down and thicken the shade to reduce the heat energy radiated by the sun. 6. Harvesting and processing can be harvested about 35 days after sowing. Maturity standard: When the mushroom caps have not yet flattened, the entire cluster can be cut off. With proper management, each cluster can harvest 300 grams at a time, the largest being 500 grams. After harvesting the first crop of mushrooms in bag planting, the old roots and surface residues should be removed. After harvesting 2 crops, when the water content in the bag drops, it should be soaked in water to replenish the moisture. After harvesting three crops, you can also take out the bags and bury the tubes in the field to cover them with soil, and you can also grow one crop of mushrooms. For bed planting, the covering soil should be loosened to allow oxygen to penetrate the mycelium. For the above two cultivation methods, you need to stop spraying water after harvesting. After 5-6 days of breeding and cultivating bacteria, spray water again to increase humidity and induce buds. Generally, 3-4 crops can be produced during the three-month growth cycle. Harvested fresh mushrooms should be sent to the market promptly or dehydrated and dried into finished products.