Nanfeng tangerine is one of the famous fruit tree varieties in China. Its origin and main producing area are in Nanfeng County, Jiangxi Province, and its cultivation history is over 1300 years. Nanfeng tangerine is famous for its thin skin, few stones, less juice, golden color, sweet and sour taste and rich nutrition. It was listed as a tribute treasure in history, known as the "king of oranges", and was awarded the title of national high-quality fruit in 1962. Nanfeng County was identified as the national citrus commodity production base county on 1988, and was awarded the title of "Nanfeng Town of Tangerine in China" on 1995. As early as the Tang Dynasty, there was citrus production in Nanfeng. At that time, the main cultivated oranges were Zhuju (Nanfeng called Red Orange) and Huoju, which were propagated with seedlings (i.e. seeds) after the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Because of their delicious taste, high quality and good economic value, the production of oranges gradually flourished. Ming recorded the name of oranges in Jianchang Fuzhi. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Nanfeng tangerine has been listed as a tribute by the imperial courts in past dynasties, so it is called "Gong Ju". The late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China were the glorious period of Nanfeng tangerine production and development, with the highest annual output of 654.38+0.2 million tons. However, in the Republic of China, due to the influence of wars and disasters, production turned from prosperity to decline, citrus reticulata was cut down in large quantities, the orange orchards were deserted, and the output dropped sharply, with an average annual output of only1-20,000 tons. By the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the area of Nanfeng tangerine was less than 3,000 mu, with an annual output of 17789 tons. Nanfeng tangerine planting area is concentrated in Yaopu, Shuinan, Yangmei, Maodian and other villages near the urban area and the county seat, but it is rarely planted 5 kilometers away from the urban area. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Party and the people's government attached great importance to the development of citrus production, and adopted a series of effective measures to help and support citrus farmers to restore and develop citrus production from the aspects of policy, technology, economy and management.

The book "Citrus" edited by Huazhong Agricultural College pointed out: "Dairy citrus is an ancient variety in China, and it is a real citrus in the citrus records of the Song Dynasty. At that time, Han Yanzhi was rated as the best variety, and the milk oranges cultivated in Huangyan and Wenzhou in Zhejiang, and the Nanfeng tangerines cultivated in Nanfeng and Linchuan in Jiangxi all belonged to it. " Han Yanzhi's "The Story of Oranges" refers to real oranges in this way: "All oranges are round and straight, and their skins are like wax. When it is broken, it is fragrant (full of mouth), and the oranges produced are less than seven inches, with thin skin and delicious taste. The pulse does not touch the valve, and the food does not leave residue. There is only one or two cores, and there is nothing in the middle. " In this respect, the so-called "true orange" is consistent with Nanfeng tangerine. Nanfeng tangerine, in particular, is famous for its thin skin, sweet taste, seedless and slag melting. As for "big not seven inches", I would like to mean that the fruit is smaller and the maximum circumference is no more than seven inches. According to Wu's History of China's Weights and Measures 1987, one foot in the Song Dynasty is equivalent to 0.92 16 square foot today, and seven inches in circumference is equivalent to 6.45 inches, which is basically similar to the big fruit system in Nanfeng Tangju, and the cultivation time is long, often reaching more than 6 inches. Although the real orange recorded in Tanglu is not the original Nanfeng orange, its basic characteristics are closer to the description in this paper than the milk oranges produced in various places. Gao Qiao Yu Lang's "Citrus", "Japanese Horticultural Dictionary" and "Japanese Horticultural Memorabilia" all said that Japanese Jizhou Citrus (or Jizhou Citrus) was called "Tangerine", "Longan Citrus", "Nanfeng Citrus" and "Money Citrus" in China, which originated along the Yangtze River in China and was introduced from southern China about 700-800 years ago. It can be seen that Nanfeng tangerine was famous at home and abroad as early as 700 years ago. After being introduced into Japan, it became the main variety for hundreds of years from Edo period to Meiji period. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the development of Nanfeng tangerine can be roughly divided into five stages:

Resume the development stage (1950- 1958)

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, feudal landlord ownership was eliminated through rent reduction and debt abolition and land reform, and orange farmers had their own orange orchards. The people's government has taken many measures to guide orange farmers to plant oranges scientifically, which makes the enthusiasm of orange farmers unprecedented. 1952, the total output of citrus rose to/kloc-0.08 million kg. 1954- 1955 severe freezing injury occurred in winter, and the total citrus output dropped to 650 thousand Jin. Since then, the output has increased year by year, reaching 2.27 million kilograms in 1958, which is the first high-yield year after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

Stagnation of low yield (1959- 1972)

After 1959, due to one-sided emphasis on grain as the key link, paying more attention to grain than oranges, and three years of natural disasters and the ensuing "Cultural Revolution" turmoil, the production of tangerine has been hovering in 14 years. During the four years of 196 1- 1964, the annual output was only 1 10,000 kg, less than half of the output of 1958. 1970, the area of orange orchard was only 1360 mu, which was the smallest year since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Although the total output of 1972 rose to more than 22 10000 kg, it still did not reach the level of 1958.

Stable development stage (1973- 1979)

Since 1973, Nanfeng tangerine production has gone out of the trough, with an area of 5243 mu and a total output of 2.73 million kg. Since then, more than 65,438+0,000 mu has been planted every year, and it has grown to 65,438+0,577 mu in 65,438+0,976,5438+0 years. After 1.978, the planting scale increased year by year, reaching 65438+.

Rapid development stage (1980- 199 1 year)

After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, Nanfeng tangerine has developed rapidly in the county. The production area has also expanded from suburbs to remote areas, from flat land to hills, and from small pieces to large pieces. By 1982, the area of citrus orchards in the county reached 39,700 mu, and the total output of 1983 reached10.4 million kg, an increase of more than 4.65 million kg compared with 1979, with an average annual increase of1150,000 kg for four years. The total output of 1986 reached more than 20 million kilograms, an increase of 9.65 million kilograms compared with 1983, with an average annual increase of 3.2 million kilograms. 199 1 year, the citrus area in the county has grown to 8 1578 mu, with a total output of 40 million kilograms. The area of orange orchards is 27 times that of the early days of the People's Republic of China, and the output of oranges has increased by 50 times.

Rapid development stage (1992-200 1)

199 1 In winter, Nanfeng County suffered a severe freezing injury that never happened in a hundred years, and Nanfeng tangerine production collapsed. Nanfeng tangerine in the county was 8 1578 mu, and 65,480 mu froze to death, accounting for 80.26%. After the freezing disaster, Nanfeng County Party Committee and government made emergency arrangements to mobilize and organize the people of the county to go all out to help themselves, rebuild orange orchards and resume production. At the same time, they adopted a series of effective measures and preferential policies to develop production, which greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of the vast number of orange farmers and the masses to open up wasteland to build orchards, and a new situation of great development emerged with the joint efforts of individuals, collectives and state-owned enterprises. Through the joint efforts of just a few years, Nanfeng tangerine in the county has been rapidly restored and developed, and the development areas are all over the county, and a number of major towns and villages such as Shishan, Laixi, Qiaobei, Baishe, Qiawan and Sangtian have emerged. 1999 Nanfeng tangerine covers an area of168,000 mu, with an annual output of1200 million Jin. Both the area and output exceeded the level before freezing. In recent years, Nanfeng County has vigorously promoted the cultivation techniques of Nanfeng tangerine with high quality and high yield, and strived to improve the quality of Nanfeng tangerine, establish a brand and promote the rapid development of tangerine production. By 200 1, the area of Nanfeng tangerine reached1820,000 mu, and the total output exceeded 200 million Jin, a record high.

By the year of 20 13, the planting area of Nanfeng tangerine in Nanfeng County has grown to 700,000 mu, with a total output of 3 billion Jin (10.5 million tons).