/a08b 87d 6277 f 9 e 2 Fe 52402 c 0 1430 e 924 b 999 F3 e 1？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 "bran" is the feed for pigs, and "thin" means mixing diet with water, which is homophonic with Kangxi. Kangxi opened the zenith of "Kanggan Prosperity". He defeated Ao Bai, put down the rebellion in the buffer region, recovered Taiwan Province Province, and repelled the Russian attack in the north. It is inevitable that some rulers will get carried away, and with the praise of a group of little people around them, Kangxi thought that the world was at peace.
However, during a southern tour, Kangxi hid his identity. Unexpectedly, he saw an unexpected scene. People are naked and hungry. The children in the street sang the folk song "Kangxi Kangxi eats bran and drinks thin". Kangxi lived among the people and understood that although there was peace and prosperity, the people still lived in dire straits.
Kangxi returned to Beijing and severely punished corrupt officials who wanted to wash away the peace. He began to intensify efforts to reduce corvee and encourage people to farm politically and economically. Regulating rivers to promote irrigation; Extend the tax time for reclamation; Cancel the craftsman registration system and encourage the development of handicrafts to improve people's livelihood.
But does it really work? Has the life of ordinary people really improved?
Take the famous "Kanggan Prosperity" in history as an example.
/30 adcbef 76094 b 36 ecec 0425 A8 cc 7 CD 98 c 109 dff？ x-bce-process=image/resize，m_lfit，w_450，h_600，limit_ 1/quality，q_85
Prosperous times, the word is the highest evaluation of the society under the rule of feudal dynasty in history. In the long history, there have been countless prosperous times, representing the most brilliant culmination of this dynasty. Because of the long history, we can't really study those "prosperous times" thoroughly. We can only sketch through pale historical materials and imagine the scene thousands of years ago. It was that the country was rich and the people were safe, and the world was peaceful.
/622762 d0f 7039 18f 59 c 022025 a3d 269758 EEC 4 e 1？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 Historian Zhang Hongjie directly denounced the theory of "prosperous times" in his book, and many scholars and people on the Internet scoffed at it. Is kanggan prosperous also a prosperous time? In everyone's eyes, it seems that this prosperous time is completely false. On the surface, the scenery is infinite. In fact, the people are miserable, closed to the outside world and behind the world trend.
Why are there so many prosperous times in history, and people have such great opinions about the prosperous times of Kanggan? In fact, the fundamental reason is that Kanggan Shengshi is closest to us, leaving many relevant history books. At that time, due to the development of world navigation technology, many foreign missionaries and envoys visited China during this period, so this so-called prosperous period was also recorded from their perspective.
/03087 BF 40 ad 162d 9030d 7 ed 4 1 adfa 9 EC 8 b 13cd 13？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 According to records, the influence of the literary inquisition in Qing Dynasty was further deepened from Shunzhi to Kangxi. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 20 literary inquisitions. The large-scale and influential literary prisons include the case of Huang, the case of Nanshan and the case of Zhu. Although Emperor Kangxi adopted a tolerant policy towards intellectuals, many innocent scholars died in the literary prison. In this respect, it hinders the progress of advanced social thoughts. In addition, a large number of royal cemeteries were built during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, which set a precedent for later rulers to build royal gardens in Daxing.
In the Qianlong era, the literary inquisition reached its peak! If the Kangxi dynasty was aimed at intellectuals and the Yongzheng dynasty liked to make an example of them, then the Qianlong dynasty was aimed at the whole society and the means were extremely strict. Hu Zhongzao said that the author deliberately added the word "turbidity" to the title of Qing, and the result was delayed! Xu Shukui, a small official, said, "Put the pot aside first." Said he borrowed a pot to refer to Hu, that is, Manchu, so he was punished. There are countless examples like this in the literary prison of the Qianlong Dynasty.
There are nearly 3,000 kinds of ancient books compiled and destroyed in Sikuquanshu nationwide, with as many as 60,000 to 70,000 copies, and the number of kinds is almost the same as the books collected in Sikuquanshu. Wu Han, a historian, said: "The Qing people compiled the Sikuquanshu, and the ancient books died!" Even Song's scientific and technological work "Heavenly Creations" was banned for obstructing fools. The literary inquisition has been implemented so thoroughly!
/A8 EC 8 a 13632762d 00 fddb 877 abec 08 fa 503 DC 6 13？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85ad 1793, that is, in the summer of Qianlong 58th year, the first British missions to China arrived in China. The British are full of curiosity about this mysterious country. They believe in arachis duranensis, China, written in Marco Polo's travels, where everyone is dressed in exquisite silk.
However, as soon as they set foot on the land of China, they immediately found shocking poverty. The Qing dynasty hired many ordinary people to come to the ships of the British mission to serve tea and water, sweep the floor and cook for the British. The British noticed that these people were "so thin". Among ordinary people in China, it is hard to find a beer belly like a British citizen or a smiling face like a British farmer. Every time these ordinary China people receive our leftovers, they should be grateful. For the tea we have used, they always compete greedily and then cook and drink it. "
/8cb 1cb 1349540923 b 1 177 CB 69958d 109 B2 de 49 ff？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ Before the industrial revolution in the 85th century, the recipes for three meals a day for ordinary employees in a farm in Hampshire, England were as follows: breakfast was milk, bread and bacon left over from the previous day; Lunch is bread, cheese, a small amount of beer, cured pork, potatoes, cabbage or radish; Dinner is bread and cheese. On Sunday, you can eat fresh pork. After the industrial revolution, the life of the British people is booming. 1808, 2.3 gallons of skim milk, 1 pound of cheese, 17 pint of light beer, half a pound of butter and sugar, and 1 ounce of tea will be added to the consumption list of ordinary British farmers.
What did China people eat during the Qianlong period?
For thousands of years, the main food of Chinese farmers has been coarse grains and vegetables, with little meat, eggs and milk. Usually, in the spring drought, they have to pick wild vegetables to make a living. During the Qianlong period, records of people eating bran swallow vegetables abound. According to18th Century China and World Agriculture Volume, British farmers can have a surplus of 1 1 pound after an average of one year's consumption, which is about 33-44 taels of silver. And a medium-sized China farmer's total income is only 32 taels a year, while his annual expenditure is 35 taels. In other words, after a hard year, he has to be in debt for three or two years to survive, and there is no surplus at all. Therefore, in the event of famine, ordinary people will go bankrupt immediately, and trafficking in children and girls is very common.
/8cb 1cb 1349540923 b 0a 77 FB 69958d 109 B2 de 492 f？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 Although the Qing Dynasty was riddled with holes, it still maintained its superficial strength. From these aspects, population growth and land reclamation, as far as territory is concerned, marked by the unification of Xinjiang in the 24th year of Qianlong (AD 1759), the area of China reached the peak of130,000 square kilometers. Among them, the cultivated land in Kangxi 6 1 year reached 85 1 10,000 hectares, which greatly exceeded the peak period of the Ming Dynasty. With the comprehensive promotion of corn, sweet potato, potato and other crops in South America (these crops were introduced in the late Ming Dynasty), the grain output has increased greatly, and the multiple cropping rice in the south alone can increase the output by 6 billion A Jin years. Food is the most important thing for the people. Where there is food, there is customer service. All natural disasters will not cause a large number of refugees in famine years.
/d62a 6059252 DD 42 a 36 EB 1d 63083 b5 bb 5 c 8 eab 8 13？ X-BCE-process = image/resize，m _ lfit，w _ 450，h _ 600，limit _ 1/quality，q _ 85。 However, at this time, to be fair, the people just suffered a little less and were far from a happy life. Zhang is a famous songwriter in Yuan Dynasty. He once wrote songs and songs, saying that the people died of suffering and the people suffered.
In addition to the special times, the most important reason for the widespread criticism of Kanggan Shengshi is its own reasons. From 65438 to the 1960s, the industrial revolution had begun in Europe, but the Qing Dynasty was still addicted to the dream of prosperity. They don't know that the world is going through a big reshuffle. In order to consolidate the rule, the rulers used literary inquisition and severe punishment to kill new ideas again and again and lock up the innovative spirit. Under the natural economy, land is the foundation of everything, but it is also an invisible shackle. After all, the rulers have tried their best to build a peaceful country, and the safety of the people cannot escape the endless cycle of feudalism.
We can't unilaterally criticize the falsehood of Kanggan's prosperous time, because we can't deny that he has something worthy of recognition, but from the perspective of modern people, this feudal dross-style "prosperous time" is really not great!