More than two thousand years ago, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu were outside Xianyang. In the face of the great victory of the Qin Dynasty, they temporarily resolved the imminent contradiction with a banquet. Under the vivid description of Sima Qian, Tai Shigong, as a giant pen in the rafters, this banquet not only became the most famous banquet in history, but also became synonymous with conspiracy and danger in Chinese dialect.

The movie "The Hongmen Banquet" was released. About the topic of the banquet at the Hongmen Gate, some people have said it in the past, some people have said it now, and they will continue to say it in the future.

Is Xiang Bo's "Six Events in One Night" credible?

The hongmen banquet is known to later generations because of the vivid description made by Sima Qian, a great historian, in AD. ..

Sima Qian's works from 0755 to 79000 were all written at the Hongmen banquet. But the details are obviously different. The Hongmen Banquet from 755 to 79000 is the most detailed, with a length of 1605 words. Historical Records, Biography of Xiang Yu and Chronicle of Gaozu also have descriptions of the "Hongmen Banquet", all of which are extremely brief.

For a long time, the credibility of Hou Shi's family files has been questioned and tested. Thanks to the unremitting efforts of experts and scholars for many years, especially the unearthed and research results of a large number of ancient artifacts since the 20th century, the reliability of Fan Kuai's biographies has been confirmed in many ways.

The reason why the narrative of Historical Records is doubted is also related to Sima Qian's literary expression. This is a work with no distinction between literature and history. Sima Qian's too literary description sometimes leads to many unsolved mysteries. As far as the first historical book is concerned, scholars of past dynasties questioned its indesolvability, and then doubted its authenticity, and even fundamentally denied the existence of this historical event.

For example, some people think that in the first paragraph of the article, Xiang Bo sued Sean in the middle of the night, saying that the distance between Hong Men and Pakistani businessmen is 40 miles, while Xiang Bo was able to accomplish six things overnight, such as "joining the army in the dark", "meeting Sean privately", "getting married", "joining the army in the dark" and "reporting to Wang Xiang by repeatedly paying for the company".

For another example, at the end of the article, Liu Bang escaped from a banquet. Does he ride or walk, or does he ride first and then walk? The narrative is not clear. Liu bang told Sean to tell Xiang Yu about his departure at the banquet when he walked 20 miles back to the army. Xiang Yu waited for Liu Bang at the banquet for so long, which was really unreasonable, but he didn't ask any questions. Xiang Yu made no mention of Liu Bang's serious faux pas when he left without saying goodbye, which is hard to understand.

However, some scholars believe that Hong Men and Bashang are only more than twenty miles away from the path, and Xiang Bo rides fast, so it is too late to do six things in one night. Understandably, Liu Bang's banquet escape was actually realized with the deliberate acquiescence of Xiang Yu.

The source may be dictated by Fan Kuai's grandson.

According to Li Kaiyuan, a scholar at Shihei University, Sima Tan and Sima Qian wrote Historical Records. In addition to government files and documents, field surveys and interviews are also important sources of historical materials. The historical narrative of this biography, especially from the late Warring States to the early Western Han Dynasty, is close to that of Sima Qian's father and son, and is directly based on the oral traditions of the parties and their descendants.

Li Kaiyuan thinks that Sima Qian didn't explain clearly the source of the narrative of Hongmen Banquet. However, by analyzing the characters and descriptions of the Hongmen Banquet, we can roughly find the narrative point, that is, the witness and narrator of the event. According to the account of the Hongmen Banquet in Historical Records, there were 1 1 attendees. There are five Xiang Yu: Xiang Yu, Xiang Bo, Fan Zeng, Xiang Zhuang and Chen Ping, and six Liu Bang: Liu Bang, Sean, Fan Kuai, Xia Houying, Jin Qiang and Ji Xin. Among Liu Bang's six people, Xia Houying, Jin Qiang and Ji Xin stayed outside the military gate of Xiang Yu and did not experience the banquet.

Throughout the narrative of The Hongmen Banquet, we can clearly see that its narrative position is on the side of South Korea. Of the six Han Chinese, Sean and Fan Kuai are the most likely. Sean was involved from beginning to end, only Fan Kuai was involved. But the most detailed and vivid part of the narrative of the Hongmen Banquet is undoubtedly the description of Fan Kuai's intrusion into the banquet venue; The most prominent hero is undoubtedly Fan Kuai who broke into the venue. For Fan Kuai, this is a critical moment to ease the crisis. The conversation, entertainment, voice and manners between him and Xiang Yu, especially the details of drawing a sword and cutting a pig's shoulder on a shield, could not be conveyed by people who were not present. From the analysis of the article, the narrative viewpoint of the Hongmen Banquet should be Fan Kuai.

Sima Qian said in Taishigong _ Hongmen Banquet: "I am comfortable and rich. I asked him about his old age. I've heard of the homes of Xiao, Cao, Fan Kuai and Teng Gong. What are they? When Fang Drum Knife slaughtered dogs and sold tapirs, did you know that it was a descendant with a ponytail and its name was Hanting? Yu Guangtong is with him, if so, when he talks about the prosperity of his great ancestors. " I have been to Fengfeng, visited the local elders, seen the places where Xiao He, Cao Can, Fan Kuai and Teng Gong once lived, and inquired about their stories. What I heard was really amazing! When they kill dogs or sell silkworms, do they know that they will definitely become famous in the Han Dynasty in the future, and their virtues will be passed on to future generations? I have had many contacts with Fan Kuai's grandson Fan Tan. The story that Gao Zu hero told me when he debuted was what I said above. "

Sima Qian was born in the fifth year of Emperor Jing. At that time, Fan Taguang had been a dancer for six years. Sima Qian asked Fengfeng on his first trip at the age of twenty. If Fan Taguang is the heir at the age of twenty, he is twenty-six years older than Sima Qian, and now he is forty-six. Fan Kuai's rescue of Hong Men is a glorious history handed down from generation to generation by the Fan Kuai family. It is conceivable that Sima Qian heard the detailed description of the Hongmen Banquet from Fan Taguang. Later, when he wrote the relevant chapters of Historical Records, he took Fan Taguang's dictation as an important historical material.

Is the banquet a deliberate insult to Liu Bang?

Yu Yingshi, a famous scholar, said in the article "Historical Records" that the seating of the Hongmen Banquet "is a very wonderful and important scene when Tai Shigong described the Hongmen Banquet. Tai Shigong said in detail that the seating at that time was by no means an ordinary pen, which contained very important information. "

Regarding the seating of the banquet, Xiang Yu has a very specific explanation in this chronicle: "Wang Xiang and Xiang Bo sit in the east; Yafu sits in the south,-Yafu, Fan Zeng also; Pei Bei is located in the north; Zhang Liangxi is waiting for him. "

In the early Qing Dynasty, Gu's Biography of Historical Records proved: "The ancients were seated in the east, that is, they also paid homage to the east, and the Lord was facing the west." After textual research, Yu Yingshi thought that the four occasions involved in banquets in Qin and Han Dynasties were the most respected in the East, followed by the South, with the West as a friend of Pingli and the North as the lowest official position. Therefore, Liu Bang's sitting facing south means submission, and Xiang Yu formally accepted Liu Bang's submission.

Fei, a scholar from Tsinghua University and China Renmin University, thinks that the textual research is wrong. He believes that "subjects are east and west, the monarch and the subjects are north and south" is the common meaning in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, and these are two independent scenes, the lowest of which is the north, and there is no meaning of submission between subjects. However, the seat ranking of the Hongmen Banquet is still in the order described by Sima Qian, which should be: East, South, North and West.

Liu bang is a guest at the hongmen banquet. He had "made three chapters" with Xiang Yu in front of Chu Huaiwang. If Xiang Yu thinks highly of him, he should be invited to sit in the east according to the etiquette of "the two sides". Now take a back seat to the "third class" and sit facing south, which shows that Xiang Yu didn't treat him as a guest at all, and his position is not as good as that of Fan Zeng, Xiang Yu's counselor. In some teachers' reference materials of middle school textbooks, it is also considered that this time is arra.

However, some scholars have put forward different views. For example, scholar Xu Xiqiang thinks that Liu Bang came to Hongmen to apologize, not to attend a banquet. Before Xiang Yu, he had lost the equal relationship between subject and object. After Xiang Yu defeated Qin Jun's main force in the First World War, his popularity increased greatly. "Xiang Yu called people and walked into Yuanmen. They all walked on their knees, afraid to look up. Xiang Yu began as a vassal and became a general, and all the vassals belonged to Yan. "It can be seen that Xiang Yu is not only the commander-in-chief of the Chu army, but also the commander-in-chief of the anti-Qin Coalition forces. It is reasonable to treat Liu Bang as a subordinate, not to despise him.

Should Xiang Yu kill Liu Bang at the Hongmen banquet?

The banquet at Hongmen caused the biggest controversy and sigh in later generations, or Xiang Yu released Liu Bang, whether it was her husband's righteous act or a woman's short sigh.

Most mainstream views deny Xiang Yu's practice, and think that Xiang Yu is arrogant, indecisive, headstrong, short-sighted and foolhardy. It was these weaknesses in Xiang Yu's personality that led to his final defeat by Liu Bang and his suicide in Wujiang River.

However, in recent years, many scholars have re-examined this issue by studying the historical background at that time and put forward different views from the traditional ones. For example, in Historical Records, scholar Zhang Zhi _ thought that the banquet at Hongmen was actually Xiang Yu's bloodless victory over Guanzhong, which not only subdued Liu Bang, but also kept his position as an anti-Qin leader. And Liu Bang endured humiliation and used land transactions to tide over the difficulties, that's all.

In the article about the seating of the Hongmen Banquet, scholar Zhou Cheng thinks that the Hongmen Banquet is because Xiang Yu wants to appease Liu Bang's present situation. As far as the overall situation is concerned, it is not necessary to kill Liu; As far as truth is concerned, it is not a mistake not to kill Liu; As far as feelings are concerned, not killing Liu is not melodramatic; As far as the future prospect is concerned, Xiang Yu has already taken countermeasures, and it is not a beast not to kill Liu Can.

Scholar Cai Wei spoke highly of Xiang Yu's performance at the Hongmen Banquet. "If Liu Bei releases Liu Zhang as benevolence, Guan Yu releases Cao Cao as righteousness, and Kong Ming releases Meng Huo as wisdom, then Liu Bang, the releaser of Xiang Yu, not only owns it, but also adds a brave release."

In response to these statements, scholar Zhang Binrong further retorted: "Liu Bang lost control of Guanzhong because of the current situation and had to be sent away. On the surface, Liu bang's loss is really great, but from the political and strategic point of view, Liu bang also wants to exchange losses for huge benefits. This is a strategic victory, so the gains outweigh the losses. " Xiang Yu won without fighting, but Liu Bang lost what he should have lost. Xiang Yu, on the other hand, lost a chance to kill Liu Bang and gave Liu Bang a chance to sit on the big stage instead of strangling potential enemies in the cradle and eliminating hidden dangers. In this way, Xiang Yu didn't get the biggest benefit, just got what he was.

In fact, history has no ifs. "I am laughing at many things in ancient and modern times." Different people have different opinions, and different people have different opinions. This is the normal way people look at things and history.

Pei Jun threw its weight around and didn't meet Xiang Yu. Pei Gong Sajima Cao Wu still had someone say to Xiang Yu: "Pei Gong wants Wang Guanzhong and Zi Ying in front of him. He has all the treasures. " Xiang Yu was furious and said, "If you want to defeat Pei Gong's army, you have to be a soldier!" At that time, Xiang Yu had four hundred thousand soldiers in Xinfeng Hongmen; Pei100,000, go to Ba. Fan Zeng said Xiang Yu, "When Pei Gong lived in Shandong, he was greedy for beauty. I entered the customs today, but I didn't bring anything, and the woman didn't have any luck. This is not a small ambition. I wish I was angry. They are all dragons and tigers, and the grain is abundant. This son of heaven is also angry. Don't lose it! "

Chu Youbo, Xiang and Su Youliang. Sean is a regular, and Xiang Bo is a regular at night. When he met Zhang Liang privately, he told him something. He wants to invite Sean to go with him. He said, "Don't die of him." Sean said, "I want to give Pei Gong to Wang Han. Be anxious, death will be quiet. " Just go in and tell Pei Gong. Sean, Xiangbo. Xiang Bo immediately saw Pei Gong. Pei Feng's drinking all her life is related to marriage. He said: "When entering the customs, Qiu did not dare to approach. I became an official, sealed the national treasury and waited for the general. Therefore, guards will be sent to guard against his theft. Looking at the general day and night, how dare you violate it! I hope I dare not be virtuous. " Xiang Bo promised, Pei Gong said, "The flea must come to thank King Xiang on the first day." Pei Gongping: "Promise." So Xiang Bo went to the army the next night and reported to Wang Xiang that Pei Gong said, "How dare you enter Guanzhong before Pei Gong broke through first? Today, people have made great contributions and attacked them, but they are unfair. Because of luck, it is best to meet. " Wang Xiang agreed.

Pei Dan rode more than 100 horses to see Wang Xiang, and then went to Hong Men. Xie Yue said, "The battle of Qin, the battle of generals, the battle of Hebei and the battle of Henan. However, I don't want to break through Qin first, so I must come here again to see the general. Today, there are villains who make generals and ministers have an affair, "Wang Xiang said. "This PeiGong SaJi horse merchants, right? Why else would it be here? " On that day, Wang Xiang and Pei Gong stayed together to drink. Wang Xianghe and Xiang Bo sit in the east; Yafu sits in the south,-Yafu, Fan Zeng also; Pei Bei is located in the north; Medical history. The number of kings in Fan Zeng is three, but Wang Moran should not. Fan Zengqi went out to call Xiang Zhuang and said, "Your majesty is unbearable. If you go ahead, please sit with a sword and kill Pei Gong. No, if it belongs to all and is captured! " Then you will live a long time. Shouyue said, "Wang and Pei Gong are drinking, and the army is not happy. Please dance with the sword. " Xiang Yue: "Promise." Xiang Zhuang drew his sword and danced. Xiang Bo also drew his sword and danced. He often covers Pei Gong with his wings, but Zhuang misses.

So Sean went to the military gate to see Fan Kuai. Kuai entered the military gate with a sword and shield. The guardian of halberd is unstoppable. Fan Kuai swung his shield at him, and all the guards fell to the ground. Then he came in, covered with curtains, stood in the west, looked at Wang Xiang, adjusted his hair and opened his eyes. Wang machete: "Who is the guest?" Sean said, "Pei Gong entered Fan Kuai." Xiang Yue: "Brave! Give wine. " And then fight for wine. Thank you. Get up. Stand up and drink. Xiang Yue: "Give it a shoulder." And live side by side with life. Fan Kuai put the shield on the ground, shouldered it, pulled out his sword, cut it and spat it out. Xiang Yue: "Brave! Can you drink again? " Fan Kuai said, "I don't want to avoid death, but I'll quit after drinking! The king of Qin has the heart of a tiger and a wolf. If he can't kill people, if he can't punish them, the whole world will rebel. Huai made an appointment with the generals and said,' The one who first broke the Qin Dynasty and entered Xianyang is the king.' Today, Pei Gong broke the Qin Dynasty and entered Xianyang first. He dared not go near, sealed the palace, returned to the army, and waited for the king to come. So guards will be sent to prevent him from sneaking in and out. Diligence can make up for mistakes, so there is no title reward, but listen to the details and punish those who have made meritorious deeds. This is the continuation of the Qin Dynasty. Steal for the king and not take it! Wang Xiang didn't answer, just said, "Please sit down." Fan Kuai, sit down. After sitting for a while, Pei Gong went to the toilet and Fan Kuai was called out.

Pei Gong has gone out, and Chen has been appointed as Pei Gong's surname. Pei Gongzheng: "I'm leaving now. What can you do? " Fan Kuai said: "Big banks are generous regardless of details. Now, I am a fish, but I am a knife. What is the news? " So I went. This is Sean's thanks. At that time, Wang Jun was in Hong Men, four miles away from Pei Ba. Pei Gong took a ride, got off and rode alone. He and Fan Kuai, Jin Qiang, Ji Xin and other four people, armed with knives and shields, walked down Mount Li and arrived. shellfish

Match the public with the army, so Cao.