The first thing the founder of a country or dynasty did was to establish the name of the country.
Historical Records of the Five Emperors: "From the Yellow Emperor to Yu Shun, all people have the same foreign surname, taking Zhang Mingde as an example."
The name of the country has existed for a long time. "Records of the Five Emperors": "Up to the emperor, down to Shun and Yu, all have the same surname but different names." In the era of slavery and feudalism, the country's name is the name of the dynasty (dynasty), that is, the name of the regime. Throughout the ancient history of China, the appellation has four sources.
First, the country number is based on where you made your fortune. This is true whether it is the country name remembered by later generations before the Zhou Dynasty or the country name determined by the founders after the Zhou and Qin Dynasties. For example, "Records of the Five Emperors" said: "Tao Tang." Gaigu was successively sealed in Taoxian (now Dingtao County, Shandong Province) and Tang (now Tangxian County, Hebei Province). Zhou's country name also comes from where his ancestors lived. The name of the country is Zhou. "The same is true of most dynasties under the Qin and Han Dynasties. For example, Hanwang, Qin Wei, once lived in Pakistan, Shu and Hanzhong. The Song Dynasty came because its founder Zhao Kuangyin served as our special envoy in Songzhou (now Shangqiu, Henan) the following week.
The second is the title based on the topic. This title comes directly from the title of the founder, which is often consistent with a place name. The title of the Sui Dynasty came from before Emperor Wendi proclaimed himself emperor, and the Duke of Sui inherited the title of his father Yang Zhong. In its original name, it is in the south of Sui County, Hubei Province. However, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty proclaimed himself emperor, because he obeyed and remonstrated, indicating that the state power was unstable, so he changed to Sui.
Third, determine the country number according to the specialty of the place of origin. The dynasty established by Lu Ye Abaoji, a Khitan, was named Liao, which means wrought iron. Because Lu Ye's insurance machine turns real estate into iron, which means that state power is as hard as iron.
Fourth, determine the country number according to prophecy or literal meaning. The appellation of the Southern Dynasties originated from prophecy. "Biography of Cui Zusi in Southern Qi Dynasty": "In the early Song Dynasty, Zhao Taizu (Shang Daocheng) was proposed as Liang Gong, and Emperor Zusisi said:' The golden knife has a blade, so it should be called Qi and should be done now. From it. "Yuan country name originated from the original meaning, taking the meaning of" Great Gan Yuan "in Yi language, and changed it from Mongolian to Yuan.
Next, let's take a look at the specific country names in the history of China and their origins:
1, summer:
It is said that Yu was divined because he called his regime "Xia". According to the records of historians, the son of Yu moved westward to Daxia (Fenyue area in the south of Shanxi Province) before he was called "Xia".
2. Business:
According to legend, Qi, the ancestor of Shang (now south of Shangqiu, Henan), helped Yu to control water, and was divined by Shang, who later called him a tribe (or tribe). When the soup goes out, it is in the name of "Shang". After Pan Geng moved to Yin (now northwest of Anyang, Henan Province), it was also called Yin or Yin Shang.
3. Week:
When the Zhou tribe arrived at Qi's father, they moved to Joo Won? (now Qishan, Shaanxi). After the Yin Dynasty was destroyed, Zhou was taken as the name of the dynasty. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, its capital was established in Gao (now southwest of Shaanxi), and then it was moved from Pingdong to Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan). Because it is in the east of Gaozhi, it is called "Western Zhou" and "Eastern Zhou".
4. Qin:
According to historical records, this is an ancient tribe, whose leader is Zhou's horse-raising friend, who was named "Won" by Zhou, and was given a small piece of land (now Tianshui County, Gansu Province, nicknamed Longxiyu). Later, Xiang saved Zhou Yougong and was made a vassal. Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and established the State of Qin.
5. Han:
Xiang Yu named Liu Bang Hanwang. Later, Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu and unified China, which was called "Han". Chang 'an was the capital of the early Han Dynasty, and Luoyang was the capital of the later Han Dynasty. Therefore, there are "Western Han Dynasty" and "Eastern Han Dynasty" in the capital, and "pre-Han Dynasty" and "post-Han Dynasty" in time.
6.wei:
Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty once conferred titles on Cao Cao as "Duke Wei" and "Wang Wei", and Cao Pi was called "Wei" after the Han Dynasty. Cao was given a title by the royal family and was also called "Cao Wei" in history.
7. Shu:
Liu Bei took Sichuan as his activity area, and Shu refers to Sichuan, which his regime helped to call "Shu". Also known as "Shu Han" in history. Chinese refers to the continuation of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
8. Wu:
Sun Quan lives in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In history, when Wu was founded, Cao Wei named Sun Quan as "King of Wu", so it was called "Sun Wu" in history. Because it is located in the East, it is also called "Soochow".
9. Gold:
After Shu was destroyed, Wei Emperor was forced to call him "Duke Jin" and named him King Jin. Later, his son Siyan inherited his title, forcing Wei Emperor to abdicate and stand on his own feet as emperor, with the title of "Jin".
10, sui:
Yang Zhong, the father of Yang Jian, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, was once named "the successor to the country" by the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Later, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty also adopted this kind of divinatory image, which was called "following the DPRK". He thinks that the meaning of "go with you" may be changed to "follow", which is ominous.
1 1, Tang:
Li Hu, the grandfather of Tang Gaozu Tang Gaozu, was called "Duke Tang", and his title was passed on to Tang Gaozu. After the uprising in Taiyuan, Li Yuan claimed to be the "King of the Tang Dynasty", and later abandoned You Yang to build the Tang Dynasty.
12, Liao:
Liao was originally named "Qidan", but it was changed to "Liao" because it lived in the upper reaches of Liaohe River. "Liao" means "iron" in the Khitan language, which reflects the belligerence and strength of the northern nationalities.
13, Song:
After Emperor Gong of the Later Zhou Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he was appointed as our ambassador to Germany, and was transferred back to Songzhou (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) by the Germans. Zhao Kuangyin was appointed as our ambassador to Songzhou. Therefore, after the mutiny, Chen Qiao made his fortune in Songzhou and was named "Song".
14, Xixia:
Tuoba Sigong occupied Zhou Xia (now Hengshan County, Shaanxi Province) and was named after Zhou Xia when the People's Republic of China was founded, which was called "Daxia". Because in the west, the Song people called it "Xixia".
15, gold:
Jinducheng is located in Ning, Jing Hui (now south of Acheng, Heilongjiang Province). According to legend, its aquatic products are gold, and the word "gold" means "tiger".
16, yuan:
According to the history of the Yuan Dynasty, the naming of Yuan was decided by Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu. It is the "Yuan" in the sentence "Great Gan Yuan" in the Book of Changes, which means great and first. However, some people think it is related to Mongolian customs and totems, while others think it is related to Buddhism.
17, Ming:
Zhu Yuanzhang was one of the insurgents at the end of Yuan Dynasty, which was developed on the basis of inheriting Guo Zixing, and Guo Zixing belonged to An Baili School. The White Lotus Sect declared that "darkness is about to pass, and light is coming" to inspire people to oppose the rule of the dark Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, it is also called the Illuminati. Han called him "Wang Ming" (his son called him "Wang Xiaoming"), which reflected his purpose. Zhu Yuanzhang not only once believed in religion, but also admitted that he was a member of the rebel army (once deputy marshal Zuo). After Zhu Yuanzhang came to power, the title of the country was "Ming".
18, Qing:
Manchu is a branch of Jurchen nationality. The Jurchen nationality established the Jin State in the Northern Song Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Jurchen forces regained their strength and rebuilt the State of Jin (the later Jin Dynasty). In order to expand outward, the late Jin Dynasty severed its vassal relationship with the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty changed "Nuzhen" to "Manchuria" and "Jin" to "Qing". In the Song Dynasty, Jurchen was controlled by the Khitans. His generation pointed out that the word "Liao" means "iron" in the Khitan language, so it was named "Jin", which means it is stronger than iron and can overwhelm "Liao". There are different opinions on the reasons why "Jin" changed to "Qing". Some people think that Huang Taiji wants to avoid causing sharp contradictions.
In the early years of the Spring and Autumn Period, civil strife broke out in Chen, and his son fled to Qi. Appointing him (official name, in charge of all kinds of handicrafts and official handicrafts) is the beginning of Chen's foothold in Qi State. Chen is Tian, and in ancient times "Chen" and "Tian" were homophonic. For a long time, Tian was favored by the monarch of Qi State and had a close relationship with public office. After the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, the collapse of the old system and the disappearance of public office became an inevitable trend because of the extensive struggle of slaves and civilians in Qi State against slave owners and public offices. Tian adapted to the development of the situation, abandoned his official position, formed a new landlord group headed by Tian, and launched a long-term struggle with the slave owner aristocratic group headed by the monarch. The Tian family adopted measures to reduce exploitation, such as borrowing grain from the people, borrowing grain in large barrels and collecting grain in small barrels, in order to win over the people's hearts, win over the people's hearts and strengthen their own strength. After three large-scale armed struggles, more than ten big noble families, such as Qi's family, Gao's family, Yi's family, Bao's family, Xian's family and Yan's family, were destroyed one after another. -Destroyed by the Tian family. By 476 BC, "all the politics of Qi State belonged to Tian Chang", and Tian completely controlled the regime of Qi State. In 39 1 BC, Tian He moved the last monarch of Qi to the sea, gave him a city, and Tian He occupied Qi. In 387 BC, the envoys of Tian Herang, Chu and Wei became princes. On his behalf, Wei Wuhou made this request to Wang Anguo of Zhou and the princes, and Wang Anguo of Zhou agreed. In 386 BC, King An of Zhou officially recognized Tian as the King of Qi, followed the title of Qi, and changed the Qi of Jiang's family to that of Tian's family. This is the so-called "Tian Daiqi".