Among many traditional festivals in China, the Spring Festival is the most lively. However, in the Lingnan area of western Guangdong, there is a special festival to celebrate after the Spring Festival, which is a folk custom with local characteristics-Nian Gui.
Nian can also be called Nian Xiao, but it is not the same as Nian Xiao. Dianbai County, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maonan, Maogang and neighboring Wuchuan and Yangchun villages in Zhanjiang have annual festivals. The annual festivals are held in different places, focusing on the first month and February of the lunar calendar after the Spring Festival. Other annual festivals (held one month after the autumn harvest, mostly from March to November of the lunar calendar) are held every month, and the annual festivals are general. There are several villages nearby, and the annual festivals are held on the same day. Most festivals in rural areas are centered on the land temple, and several surrounding villages are held together. In some places, there will be two annual cases a year.
[There are cases every year] Activities
The annual festival is the biggest Spring Festival festival in Maoming and Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province. In rural areas, it is called "the New Year Festival is greater than the Spring Festival" and it is also the most distinctive festival in western Guangdong. During the Chinese New Year, every household is decorated with lanterns and colorful buildings, colorful galleries and galleries. The roadside is covered with colorful flags, firecrackers and gongs and drums come and go, and all kinds of folk art performances are presented to the public. Cantonese opera, movies, songs and dances, puppet shows, tea-picking shows, zaju and various entertainment activities have appeared one after another. Among them, Cantonese opera is the most popular. Cantonese opera, commonly known locally as "drama", is a must-perform program every year. Generally, the performance lasts for several days throughout the year, and the audience is endless. In addition, the lion dance class is also a necessary item for the annual festival.
The festival in western Guangdong is different from place to place, generally from the second day of the first month to the end of the month, especially on 15 and 16, and some places are in February of the lunar calendar. Generally, the annual leave in a village is the same day, with a few two or three days. There are several villages nearby, and the annual festivals are held on the same day. Taking the "social environment" of the land god as a unit, the annual activity lasts for one day, with two or three days in between.
The main purpose of this year's Fa Conference is to offer sacrifices to God, go around God, put the clock on, serve the country, and pray for good weather, prosperity of all industries, and peace of the country and the people. During the Spring Festival in a village, people from the surrounding villages come to watch the excitement, and every household holds a banquet to entertain relatives and friends, whether they know them or not.
[There are cases every year] Origin
Tracing back to the history of "Nianshi" is actually the expanded Lantern Festival, temple fair and the anniversary of moving ancestors in Maoming, western Guangdong. It is understood that the "chronology" of the Ming and Qing Dynasties has been recorded in local chronicles. It was popular from the early years of the Republic of China to the early days of liberation and was once interrupted. It has gradually recovered since the 1980 s. At present, most of Maoming and its cities, counties (districts) and villages are popular with "annual regulations", and they are quite grand and lively. In Maoming, western Guangdong, there is a saying that people who work and live outside may not go home for the New Year every year, but they will definitely come back for reunion. Speaking the same language, the local accent and homesickness blend together, and the atmosphere is warm, which really makes the hometown people who have been away all the year round and rarely meet each other enjoy it.
[There are examples every year] Custom articles
Canon is usually held in rural areas. On this day, most people who go out will return to their original villages to make annuities. A general annuity lasts for three days. The first day is called "a year in a year", the second day is called "a year in a year" and the last day is called "the end of a year".
Chronological precedent
Before the start of the new year, every household prepared chicken, pork and fish and made a pair of "three sacrifices" for the bodhisattva to enjoy, which was called "putting them on". It is the most traditional program in the "model of the year" and used to be regarded as the highlight of the "model of the year". The so-called pendulum is that every household selects the fattest capon in the house, removes hair and viscera, soaks it into golden brown, and puts it upright in the tray. The chicken's head is slightly bent upward, and a knife of boiled pork and a fish, commonly known as "three animals", are the main offerings of the pendulum, accompanied by candy, three teas, five wines and incense candles on the table of the Eight Immortals. Most activities are arranged in the evening, which is a continuous habit. Generally, on the night of the first month of the lunar calendar, families get together to worship the gods and then set off firecrackers.
Regular year rule
On New Year's morning, the Bodhisattva patrolled the door, which was very lively. If the village is large, the Bodhisattva will patrol the door from morning till night, hoping to complete the task. There will be many other programs on this day, such as puppet shows, lion dances, big plays and fireworks. On this day, the host will also invite many relatives and friends to have a good drink, which is very lively.
After eating the calendar year, there will be an amateur program "Calendar Year", also called drama. Traditionally, the biggest purpose of annual regulations is to worship God, and all kinds of folk art performances try their best to express God, so as to please God and pray for good weather and abundant crops in the coming year. Nowadays, most of the annual regulations are to celebrate the improvement of living standards, wish a good life for a long time, show the joy of urban and rural areas and achieve social harmony. In recent years, during the "New Year Festival", nearly 100 Cantonese opera troupes in Guangdong and Guangxi are actively performing in the rural areas of western Guangdong. In addition, artistic performances with unique local characteristics-the "flower-jumping shed" in Huazhou and the puppet show in Gaozhou, are staged in various towns in turn; Some big names in the art world will also come here for entertainment. In western Guangdong, traditional Cantonese opera is still a favorite cultural program of farmers, especially in the annual regulations. Sometimes two or three plays are performed together in the same village, and farmers watch big plays more lively than city people watch pop singers' concerts. In addition to retaining some traditional programs, Cantonese opera is also an indispensable program for villagers to formulate "annual regulations". Every year, every township sets up a stage, decorated with lanterns and colorful decorations, and various Cantonese opera troupes are active in each township. Some towns and villages invited provincial-level first-class theatrical troupes to perform, and even invited some "big brothers" to entertain. The stage was full of drums and music, the actors sang with great emotion, and the audience was fascinated and lingering.
In addition to Cantonese opera, there is also puppet show, commonly known as "ghost play", which is the most popular folk art in Maoming area, especially in rural areas. The newly edited section "Maoming Culture, Quyi and Folk Opera" records: "According to the differences in puppet modeling and operation techniques, puppet shows in Maoming area can be divided into stick puppet shows, bag puppet shows and muppets. Zhangtou puppet show, commonly known as "ghost play", was introduced to Huazhou from Zhongzhou in the third year of Yuanjia in the Southern Dynasty (426). The Yuan Dynasty spread to Maoming, Xinyi, Dianbai and other places. " It can be seen that puppet shows have been circulating in Maoming for more than 1000 years.
end of the year
On the third morning, at the end of the year, the paper boat burned, and the Bodhisattva returned to the temple, ending the year.
[Every year] The current situation
With the deepening of reform and opening up and the development of rural economy, the contact between villagers and the outside world is deepening, especially among rural youth, and more and more people go out to work and do business. Deeply influenced by foreign cultures, they gradually ignored the traditional "New Year's Eve" in their hometown. The atmosphere of the New Year's Eve dinner has faded a lot, and other celebrations are also decreasing. In recent years, it is rare to see dragon dances, dramas, puppet shows and other celebrations. These precious folk cultural heritages are in danger of extinction. According to the questionnaire data, among the migrant workers in Liantou Village, Dianbai County, 23.7% stayed in their hometown, while less than 30% stayed in Mukeng Village, Xieji Town, Gaozhou City, accounting for 27%. Of course, some of them were forced to leave their homes after the Spring Festival because of their work. But from our interviews with young people who are still in the village, we can find that they have paid little attention to the "annual regulations". According to their reflection, many colleagues think that "annual regulations" are dispensable.
Some people explain that there are cases in adulthood. The festival has become a must-see program for Maoming people every year, just like the Chinese New Year, and there is even a saying that the festival is big. After years of evolution, Li Nian has taken root in Gaozhou and Huazhou. People go back to the countryside to celebrate the New Year every year, not just for worship and superstitious activities. More importantly, time has become a kind of sustenance in their hearts, and it is time that strengthens their local complex. Every year, people will get together again to celebrate like Chinese New Year, and invite friends to share this festival. Therefore, the chronology has also become a bond of affection and friendship.
The Gregorian calendar year is a unique festival in Lingnan area of western Guangdong. It is not wider than the Spring Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and other national festivals, but they have similarities and are all traditional customs. Just like the water-splashing festival of the Dai people, the annual flavor is unique to the local area, with strong ethnic customs and local flavor. As for the form of celebration, it also shows the simplicity, kindness, enthusiasm and optimism of rural people. Many people who make annual plans think that a good annual plan can guarantee a good year in the future. Although unscientific, as a spiritual sustenance, it supports many people who are struggling in difficulties. The uniqueness of one year also enhances the local people's sense of local superiority, and it is undoubtedly proud to have a unique festival.
Generally, the centers of festivals are in temples or families, while the temples in Gaozhou and Huazhou are mostly temples in Kenta Darvish, that is, temples in memory of Mrs. Kenta Darvish. Chronology is also related to Mrs Sendai. Historical data show that the annual event was initiated by the Xian family and evolved into today's annual event after a long period of time. Mrs. Xian Tai is an influential local figure. She has made outstanding contributions to safeguarding national unity and national unity, and was praised as "the first heroine in China" by Premier Zhou Enlai. Among the statues used in Liushen Year, there is a statue of Mrs. Sendai. It can be seen that her position in the hearts of local people is as lofty as a god. The local people respect a patriotic heroine so much, which also reflects their heroic feelings and patriotic thoughts. Perhaps honoring Mrs. Xian as a god is just the practice of our ancestors, who regard Mrs. Xian as a form of annual regulations. But the cultural connotation contained in it cannot be erased. Mrs. Xian's culture makes the chronology more historic. It not only inherits feudal superstition, but also has positive humanistic spirit.
The "New Year Festival" in western Guangdong attracts more and more people at home and abroad with its unique local characteristics and traditional strangeness, and some folk experts and scholars have a strong interest in it. Western Guangdong is surrounded by mountains and seas and is rich in tourism resources. Coupled with the unique "Year" customs and festivals, its characteristic tourism with cultural connotation will have broad prospects.
"Year after year" date article
Chronology of some rural areas in Zhanjiang
On the second day of the first month, Wenche Village (Huang Lue Town, Suixi County).
On the third day of the first month, Maliuliang Village (Suixi) Liaodan Village (Donghai Min 'an Town) Diaoshan Village (Dongdao dongshan town)
On the fourth day of the first month, Dongshan Village (dongshan town) Diaoluo Village (dongshan town)
North Village (dongshan town) on the fifth day of the first month.
Yuntou Village (Mazhang Town) on the sixth day of the first month.
On the seventh day of the first month, Shi Lan Village (Wuchuan Shi Lan Town).
On the first day of the first month, Bageling Village (Wuyang Town) and wucun (Potou)
Huangpo Town (Wuchuan) on the ninth day of the first month.
On the tenth day of the first month, Diaoshun Village (Chikan District), Pingle Village (Development Zone), Potouxu (Potou Town), Maxie (Potou Town)
On the eleventh day of the first month, Huang Lue Village (Huang Lue Town) Bupin Village (Taiping Town) gao yang cun (Mazhang Town)
Longchao Village (including Xiahai and Wukuo Village) (Development Zone) Wushan Village (Development Zone) Longdeng Village (xiashan district) Wenbaonan Village (Chikan District) Chiling Village (Mazhang Town) Tangbian Village (Mazhang District)
On the 13th day of the first month, the journal is full (Mazhang Town), Xu Wu Village (Huang Lue Town), Houfeng Village (Chikan District), Fujian Village (Chikan District), Wu Zhi Village (Huang Lue Town), Leizhou Wushi (13th to 15th), Wenbao North Village (Chikan District).
On the fourteenth day of the first month, Shanhou Village (Taiping Town) Zaojia Village (Taiping Town) Xinpo Village (Chikan District) Chen Tie Village (xiashan district) Louxia Village (xiashan district) Tangkou Village (Huang Lue Town) Nanpo Village (Huang Lue Town) Chengyuewei Tongming Village (Taiping Town) Changkan Village (Mazhang Town)
On the fifteenth day of the first month, Dongan Village (Taiping Town) Lvzhai Village (Taiping Town) Xiashan Village (Xiashan District) Shetan Village (Xiashan District) Beiyue Village (Xiashan District Haitou Town) Huangwai Village (Mazhang Town) Houli Village (Mazhang Town) Xie Jia Village (Mazhang Town) Linxi Village (Huguang Town) Dongling Village (Huguang Town) Caosu Village (Huguang Town)
1 month 16, Lu Mei Town, Wuchuan (10 to 17) Xiting Village (Suixi) (xiashan district) Cenqing Village (xiashan district) Houbei Village (Mazhang Town) Caoya Village (Mazhang Town) Beigou Village ()
On the 17th day of the first month, Dongling Village (Huguang Town), Baixing Village (Chikan District), Shuigou Village (Mazhang Town), Shentian Village (xiashan district) and Liuli Village (Taiping Town, Mazhang District, 17th to 18th).
On the 18th day of the first month, Shiping Village (Huang Lue Town), Diaodian Village (Mazhang Town), cheng jia cun (Mazhang Town) and guo jia cun (Mazhang Town)
Article Bay (Chikan District) Datang Village (Mazhang Town) Dongshanyuan Village (Suixi) January 19th.
Mazhangwei (Mazhang Town) on the 21st day of the first month.
On January 26th, Long Mai Village (Mazhang Town) and Diaolang Village (Taiping Town).
On the 28th day of the first month, Shitou Village (xiashan district) Diaoluo Village (xiashan district) Haiwei Village (Huguang Town) Nie Village (Mazhang Town) Tan Li Village (Taiping Town, Mazhang District) Xiaoyucun Village (Taiping Town, Mazhang District) Tang Wei Village (Nanxing Town) Lingbei Town (Suixi)
The 30th day of the first month (the last day of the first month) Xincun (xiashan district)
On the first day of February, Longjia Village (Mazhang Town) in Mazhangwei.
On the second day of February, Liangfeng Village in Taiping Town (Mazhang District) (the second day to the third day) (Huguang Town)
February 1 1 day Qilin Village (1/day to 12) (Taiping Town) Houpo Village (Taiping Town)
February 12 Wushi Town (Leizhou) Qinba (Wuchuan) March 15 xinglong village (xiashan district)
March 22nd Nanxing Town Nanliuwu Village (20-22) (xiashan district) Village (Huguang Town) Liaocun Village (Huguang Town) Longhua Village (xiashan district)
March 23 Zhangwen Village (Chikan District)
March 26th Lindong Village (Huguang Town) Brewmaster Village (25th to 28th) (Huguang Town)
March 27th Bowman Village (xiashan district)
On March 29th, Tiaoshan Village and other four villages (Baipo) (dongshan town)
On the first day of September, Tang Xian Village (Haitou Town).
Wushuanggang Village (Chikan District) in early September.
September 28th Daluqian Village (Mazhang Town)
1 1 March 23rd Techeng Island (23-24) (xiashan district)
Maoming
Electric white part year date
The fifteenth day of the first month
On the fourth day of February, Dianbai Zhaitou
Date of some annual cases in Huazhou
The second year: Shaopo of Laijiayuan, Jiefang Road
On the third day of New Year's Eve: Sanjiaokou Slope
The fourth day of the year: Zhen' an downhill
The fifth day: Jianjiang New Village,
The sixth day: Guangdong and Guangxi caves in Fengmen Village, Dongshan District, Tangxi, Tongqing Town, with low slopes.
Seventh day: Daqiaopo Village, Xiaguoheli Village,
Lunar New Year's Day: Dadongshan, Shanbei, Bart, Shiwan Mountain Bird, Jianjiang Low Slope, Jianjiang Boundary, Hedong Shuiwei, and Sugar Factory Middle Cave.
The ninth day: Shiwan Pass, Gaomuling Village, Tongqing Town, Longdou. Xiaguoling village
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/0: Liangguang Road, Guanqiao Mingjiao Village, Tongqing Town Shantang Village, Quanlian Village, Wuxin Village, Courtyard Village, Zhangwu Village, Zhang Cun (Dashanmei) Dazhanggen Village, Hejiangwei,
Eleven: Mountain bike, Dacha, Tongqinglong Shoudi, Xia Guo Street, Changqi Village, Nanling and Poxiang in Dongshan District.
Twelve: Laocun, Jinjidi, Jianjiang Huangling, Jianjiang Baigubang, Xiaguoqili, Tongqing Market, Tongqing Laolv Village, Changshan Village, Tiantai Village, Low Village and Paitang Pufuchong Village.
Thirteen: Liangshan in the Middle East, Jiuwu Village in Tongqing Town, Lipo Village in Tangxi,
Fourteen: Sanjiaokou East Village, Tongqing Liang Hong, Lei Shan Leiposhi, Jiangang Pengcun,
Fifteen: East Bank of Hedong, North Bank, Sanjiaokou Laoling, Hedong Tang Wei, Khan Lee Jiangangwei, Tongqing Jiaozhu Village, Xiebai Village,
Sixteen: Tongqing Liutang Village, Changyuan Village, Tang Peng Village and Liupo Village.
Eighteen: Wei Boyang
Twenty: Guoshang, Nanshengwei, Chenlinshan, Liangguang Mulinchong, Tongqing Shibanpo
Ershiershankou
Long xinxu's new year's example on the first day of February.
On February 2nd, there will be lanterns on PS in Zhenlong Old Street.
At the beginning of February, Batantou Beilan
On March 3, accompanied by the breeze, the water was rich.
Winter solstice in Tangjizhu Mountain
Years of Gaozhou
On the fifth day of the first month, changpo town Shilong Dabai Market.
On the sixth day of the first month, changpo town Shilong Zhou Dong Management Area was in Gudingli Pit.
On the eighth day of the first month, the Huangshakeng tail area in Guding (Huazai Village, Cuntou Village, Jiao Ling, Gaoping. )
On the 10th day of the first month, the villages near Huangsha Village Committee in Guding (Tang Hua, Zhugang, Tangdi, Yidong, Erdong, Opposite Village, etc. )
Potou Jiang Cao Village, the fifteenth day of the first month.
On the tenth day of February, there were five fields in Wuliang, Shigu and Pingshan on the west bank.
February 13, downtown New Street, west bank of Baoguang Building.
February 16 Shangnanguan.
February 17 Xia Nanguan.