Clothing The clothes of Hailufeng ancestors were simple and practical, loose and simple, and only on New Year's Day and major celebrations did they have the habit of wearing new clothes. Civilians in Qing Dynasty traditionally wore long-sleeved, straight-collared, double-breasted and diagonal-breasted jackets with the front facing diagonally from the neckline to the right and pockets on the inside front. Men wear jackets (or big sweaters), and women wear big pants (buttons on the left) and wide waist crotch pants, commonly known as "crotch pants", which are tied into belts with corduroy. Hakka women use lace to add rolling ornaments to collars, lapels, cuffs and trouser legs. All black and blue coarse fabrics such as Maobird cloth, Dacheng blue cloth and Baihai cloth produced locally are adopted. In winter, they wear their own sewn cotton-padded jackets, cotton wool or patched old clothes to keep out the cold. Men wear felt hats, babies wear dog fur hats and old women wear forehead-covering rings. Upper class people wear sea cloth robes, commonly known as "long-sleeved guests." Wear ramie clothes or the famous "Dianmei", "Zhuhua yarn" or black lacquer silk clothes in the provincial capital in summer. In winter, they wear long coats, sweaters and velvet clothes. Civilians often wear sandals barefoot and clogs before going to bed at night. By the time of the Republic of China, the clothes of ordinary people had not changed much, and the fashion of upper-class society still wore tunic suit or suit, white hat, "crutches" and gown. Some intellectual women wear cheongsam or blue dresses instead. In the 1950s, the original big trousers head was gradually changed into shallow trousers head, and the big trousers waist was changed into small trousers waist, which was called "tapped trousers" (that is, the belt was tightened around the waist). Later, with the progress of society, men generally put on belt pants. Because this area is located in the south subtropical zone, with long sunshine time and abundant rain, people wear round-headed bamboo hats or pointed bamboo hats when they travel, while fishermen wear a kind of bamboo hat with round heads and eaves, which is called Ouchuan Dai. The woman wears a cool hat and hangs it on the edge with black cloth. On rainy days, you wear a bamboo hat, a string of palm trees woven with brown poles, or a "moon cover" woven with bamboo sticks and leaves, which looks like a turtle shell. Also hold a paper umbrella or a black umbrella coated with tung oil. In the Qing Dynasty, men wore long braids, while women wore long braids and married in a bun, commonly known as "reason". After the Republic of China, men cut braids, civilians cut flat heads or bald heads, and upper-class people cut suits. Women's hairstyles have not changed much except short hair. In terms of ornaments, in the old days, most women in Hailufeng wore silver whiskers on their temples, that is, silver hairpins, pagoda-shaped tremella hooks in their ears, jade bracelets on their hands, and some even wore gold rings and earrings. Of course, this is a well-off family, and the civilian family is relatively simple, but it is also decorated with silver hairpin, hairpin and lotus seed. Most children wear silver gossip locks and silver leg pliers, and some have two small bells that jingle. They believe that wearing this kind of jewelry will lead to longevity and prosperity. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, men were proud to wear Chinese tunic suit, cadre suit and military casual clothes, while women were proud to wear Lenin suit. White shirts with blue trousers have been popular for a while, but the colors are mostly blue and gray. In the Tang dynasty, the elderly wore casual clothes, while women wore double-breasted shirts, and the cloth was mainly coarse cotton. In the mid-1960s, it was fashionable to wear yellow-green military uniforms and military caps. In the early 1960s, people still wore clogs, in the middle they wore flip-flops, and in the 1970s they wore Jiefang brand rubber shoes, cloth shoes and plastic sandals. After the reform and opening up, suits, bell bottoms and jeans became popular, especially Shanwei Town, which is known as "Little Hong Kong", leading the fashion in this area. At this time, the clothing styles are changeable, and the colors and materials are diverse. There are garck, suits, hunting clothes, T-shirts, spacesuits and so on. In the 1990s, wedding dresses, Tang suits and cheongsam became popular. In the 1980s, young men liked to have long hair and sideburns, while women were popular with perms and shawls. Men over middle age still wore suits. In the 1990s, men liked short hair, such as flat hair, western hair and medium hair, while women liked short hair. Later, men and women tend to be neutral, like short broken hair and dyed hair, showing a personalized and diversified trend. In terms of accessories, watches used to be a rare thing. After 1980s, all kinds of watches, gold rings, gold necklaces and gold bracelets spread all over the country. In 1990s, it became fashionable to wear BB mobile phones, which are not only communication tools, but also decorations. Diamond rings, platinum necklaces and bracelets are not uncommon. At the same time, ornaments of various materials emerge in an endless stream, enriching people's lives. Second, diet Shanwei is rich in aquatic products along the coast, and the plain is rich in rice. The diet is "rice soup fish", which belongs to the old "sweet potato county" in Haifeng County. After the end of the Ming Dynasty, sweet potatoes became the staple food, and ordinary people ate porridge twice in the morning and afternoon, and only had dry rice for dinner, or added two meals during busy farming. Fresh fish, salted fish, salted clams, Corbicula fluminea, pickled vegetables and pickled vegetables (dried radish) are often served with rice, and they like to eat oyster salmon, fish salmon and shrimp salmon. Ordinary families are more casual and frugal, but relatives and friends communicate and family banquets are more abundant. After the Republic of China, influenced by the customs of various provinces and ports, towns began to have the habit of eating morning tea, which became more common after the reform and opening up, and they vigorously went to food stalls to eat "midnight snack" at night. The traditional banquet is called "94 dishes", which means "94 flavors". Formerly known as "eating nine baskets" or "eating ostentation and extravagance". The luncheon is the main seat, and the square table is placed in the hall. The position facing the gate is respected, which is called the "horizontal head position". Generally, it sits on the mother's uncle and mother's uncle. Most of the funeral guests are in the open air in the village square, and the wedding banquet is not in the open air. Among the nine baskets, there must be boiled chicken, meat and fish balls. Boiled chicken is the first course and placed in the middle of the table, commonly known as "no ostentation and extravagance without chicken", and the drink is pure rice wine. Traditional dishes include pork knuckle and chicken breast, Dragon and Tiger Club, large ginseng, braised pickles with eel and so on. After the reform and opening up, the wind of putting wine is even more extravagant. Influenced by provinces and ports, there are 12 and 14 dishes, which break through the original "nine-year" limit. The diet is light, delicious and refreshing, and it is famous for eating everything in the world as long as it is alive. The dishes are mainly seafood. But avoid eating dog meat at large banquets, which is called "dog meat can't help dishes". Talk about ostentation and extravagance with wine, ranging from a dozen seats to fifty or sixty seats and hundreds of seats. Cake is a major feature of Shanwei diet. Women usually make several kinds of jellies, which are made of rice flour (glutinous rice and glutinous rice) and flour, salty and sweet, and are divided into annual jellies and peacetime jellies. New Year's Eve Festival: steamed sweet (rice cake), sent loose; Liuhe has a unique wormwood jelly, which is made of wormwood leaves. Ai Rong is fragrant and delicious, and has the effects of strengthening the spleen and stomach and expelling wind and dampness. After picking the leaves of Artemisia argyi, the peasant woman washed them and dried them in the sun. She rubbed Tian Ai into moxa paste with a bamboo dustpan, then made it into paste with glutinous rice flour and brown sugar water, and wrapped it with brown sugar, sesame seeds and peanuts. After steaming, it becomes a well-known moxa paste. Making nine-tongued babies (also known as double-headed babies or oil-leaking babies) on the 30th day of the first month is called fried ant feet; Tomb-Sweeping Day makes pancakes and steamed buns; Make vermicelli on the eighth day of April; Steamed glutinous brown, horny brown and bean jelly brown in Dragon Boat Festival; Steamed heavy cakes in July and a half (salty and sweet); Steamed vegetables in winter festival include steamed buns and clams in winter festival and jiaozi in winter festival. Cooking on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month; Make clams and jiaozi on New Year's Eve. There are usually: Ding Kezai (sweet), Shien Ding, Ding Hui, Ding Woliu, Dai Li Pills, Fried Rice Pills (salty), baked potatoes, copper pot rolls (pork rolls), copper pot rolls, jiaozi, noodles, and dregs cakes (bowls of steamed buns). Common snacks include sesame paste, bean curd, sweet bean soup, three bean soup, clam spring pill, sweet glutinous rice porridge, taro soup, ginkgo soup, dog hair cake, straw cake, sweet distiller's grains, rice flour and Liuhe mountain rice, which are one of the essential flavor snacks in festivals. Rice is made from refined white glutinous rice and dried. And "Pumi" made of ordinary Gu Mi. There are also fried pit snails, garlic fried red fern (asparagus), Hakka stuffed tofu, beef balls, Chinese cabbage jiaozi and other snacks. Another feature of traditional snacks is salty tea, also called ground tea and tooth bowl tea. Eating salty tea has a long history. The simple way to eat tea is to put it in a tea bowl with thick lines on the inner wall (called a tooth bowl), beat it with a tea mallet made of guava branches, put a few grains of salt and wash it down with boiling water. Can be used as a daily drink to quench thirst. Daily hospitality is to add fried sesame seeds, fried rice flowers, fried peanuts, fried soybeans and so on. On this basis, they are called "fried rice tea" and "fried sesame tea". These items can be described as necessities for every family. In the past, people would put down their bowls and invite their neighbors and relatives to "eat salty tea" on their birthdays, add extra food, return from other places, recover from illness and escape from danger. Shanwei women can be described as "a day without salty tea". In addition to the above methods, there are other dietary forms such as rice tea and bitter thorn tea. The preparation method is as follows: tea leaves, sesame seeds, peanuts, etc. Grinding with salt, washing with boiling water, adding mint to tea, soaking stewed garlic dry rice in a bowl, and adding some cooked white Mi Dou and black beans; Chaze painstakingly took the tender buds of the local wild plant "Kudingcha", put them in a dental bowl, added a proper amount of salt to grind the pulp into boiling water, and added peanuts, fried rice and other condiments to eat. In the past, "vegetable tea" was only available in the first month of each year, especially around the Lantern Festival. It is called "fried tea". Now most people also make tea in their spare time. In recent years, in the days of moving into a new house and marrying a bride, fried tea is more popular than banquets. The method is to mix fried pork, sausage, fresh shrimp, shredded squid, vermicelli, yuba, white Mi Dou, red beans, wheat grains, spinach and Dutch beans. Put it in a bowl, sprinkle peanuts and fried rice, pour light tea or pork bone soup, and use pepper as seasoning to make delicious vegetable tea. In the past, on April 26th of the lunar calendar, we also cooked vegetables and tea, but the main ingredients were wild vegetables such as clams, pig's mother's acid and clams, and the rest were basically the same. Thirdly, the residents living in Shanwei are mainly from southern Fujian, so the folk customs of Shanwei are basically the same as those of southern Fujian, especially Zhangzhou, Fujian, but Shanwei is also the intersection of Fulao culture, Guangfu culture and Hakka culture, showing signs of mutual infiltration. The layout of the village is mainly comb and fence. In general, the center of the village is the ancestral hall, with Sha Ying Town and Tang Ming in front, mountains or fengshui forests behind, and the Snake Head Temple on the left. The homestead strives to sit facing south, that is, "negative yin holds yang." Traditional houses are mostly civil structures. In order to adapt to the characteristics of many typhoons in Shanwei area, most of them are hard peaks on horseback, and the gable is called "Bitou", which is divided into five elements of "gold, wood, water, fire and earth" according to different shapes, which is called "five-star viciousness". Venus is mostly round, and Mercury is mostly arc-shaped. Fire prevention is based on the principle that "golden water can resist fire". Ancestral temples like to use dovetail ridges that fly upwards. Chinese fir is the main building material, rammed earth and brick are the main wall materials, and oyster shells are also used as wall materials. The main entrance is made of granite (granite), the outer wall is generally painted with shells and baked with white ash, and the floor is laid with red bricks. However, most people are used to using mud floors. Influenced by Guangfu houses, they like to clean bricks with clear water. Common types of residential buildings are: "one bright and two dark", commonly known as "three rooms over" and "five rooms over". This is the most basic type, with only the main hall and the left and right rooms (rooms). Generally, the main hall is used for entertaining guests, eating and offering sacrifices. The left room is equipped with a cooking stove and bedroom, and the right room is equipped with farm tools and sundries. Generally, people's halls have wooden square tables, four long benches, several armchairs or small bamboo benches. The furnishings of the bedroom used to be ancient eight-character beds, mosquito nets woven with black coarse cloth, a quilt, straw mats woven with coarse cloth, cabinets and other furniture. Simple people put two bed boards on two benches as beds. Its plane is a main hall and two to four side halls, forming a three-bay or five-bay. "Three-in-one patio" (three rooms and two corridors), commonly known as "three rooms stretching over two hands", "Shang Lu Gen" and "double-backed sword", is a common layout form in this area. There is a wing (protective cover) on both sides of the front of the three (five) main rooms with one bright and two dark, and a patio (open well) in the middle. As a duplex, there is also a "five-room inversion", that is, on this basis, a row of inverted main rooms is added, and the door comes out from the side wing. "Four-in-one atrium", also called "Four Points of Gold", is the most representative and largest architectural model in this area. Its biggest feature is the atrium (patio) as the center, commonly known as "four waters return to the pool", and the upper, lower, left and right halls are opposite. The appearance of the whole house is square, forming a cross-axis spatial structure. On the basis of "four-point gold", two rows of lanes are extended to both sides, which is called "four-point gold double bread" in the mode of "four-point gold", extending vertically by three and horizontally by five. There are a row of nine-wing houses (guardrails) on both sides, and there is a "water-crossing" corridor in the fire lane connected with the main seat, which is the largest residential building in Shanwei area. The type of "bamboo tube house" is commonly known as "bamboo pole", that is, the single-bay residential building extends longitudinally and is in the form of a strip building, which is more common in Weizhen. The front market (or the back coast of the front market) forms the trend of "front store and back sea", and three to five houses are vertically connected. In the "hall-room combination" style, Hakka people call the hall the hall, which is the center of the main house, and the attached rooms on both sides are residential. If you enter the house before and after, the well in the middle is connected with the cloister the next day, which forms the upper hall and the lower hall. The combination of more than two units, commonly known as "upper three three" and "upper five and lower five". If a number of horizontal houses are expanded on both sides of the main house, there is a driveway in the middle, and the driveway leads to the patio, which together forms a large house field. For example, the "nine halls and eighteen wells" in Hotan in Qing Dynasty and the "five halls and ten wells" in Nanwan are typical modular residential buildings. "Enclosure house" type, a house surrounded by thick walls, commonly known as "enclosure house", is a kind of folk house characterized by emphasizing defense function. Shape, in addition to the square enclosure, there are semicircle and gossip. Most of them are north-south, backed by green hills and facing the countryside. There is a half-moon "flower terrace" between the house and the mountain, and there is a half-moon artificial pond in front of the door, which has the functions of regulating temperature and preventing fire. The paddock is exquisitely constructed and magnificent. Strong and easy to defend but difficult to attack. For example, Liuhe Shuilip's Hundred Years Surrounding Dragon House and Dongkeng's Clothes House. In the early years of the Republic of China, some rich officials in Hailufeng built western-style houses, usually two-story buildings. After the reform and opening up, most of the houses are bungalows or buildings with reinforced concrete frame structure. Cement doors and windows were popular in the 1980s, and the exterior walls were painted with sand and broken glass. The ground is cement, or paved with red bucket bricks and mosaics. In the 1990s, aluminum alloy doors and windows, wooden doorframes and doors were used, mosaics were used on the exterior walls, and tiles were used on the ground. The house had a bathroom and kitchen, bid farewell to the traditional firewood-burning stove, and used gas stoves, range hoods and water heaters. In traditional architecture, Mr. Feng Shui (Kanyu) should use "Luo Geng" to determine the position of the main entrance threshold according to the owner's birthday, the position of the gate or gatehouse, and choose an auspicious day, which is called "seeing the sun". Before breaking ground, MC Davi and other incense sticks should be used to worship the "Land Lord" and others to show their attention. Then at the selected time, use metal objects such as hoes to move around the four corners of the building foundation several times, which is called "walking palace", and then you can dig the foundation and start working. When installing the gate, red cloth should be hung on both sides above the door frame, and rice grains and garlic, oranges, bamboo rings and red cloth bags (grain bags) of various beans should be hung on the top of the gate to show good luck. Small wooden boards painted with gossip, small mirrors and charms begged from the temple are hung above the outer door to prevent evil spirits from entering the door. When the upper beam (the main beam in the center of the main hall) is also auspicious, the beam is generally painted red with red silk in the middle, a pair of red oranges, garlic, grass (a folding fan, a book and a rice sieve should be added to the beam of the public hall), etc., and red paper such as "Good luck on the upper beam" should be affixed. When the architect sings auspicious words, the beam should be erected. After the completion of Liangliang, please invite friends, relatives and builders to eat red sweet soup pills. Building gables is called "repairing viciousness". At this point, the main building has been basically completed, and there are many gables. When the gables are completed, please eat dumplings, which are called "skin-repairing pills" to celebrate. The sitting direction of the stove is generally the same as that of the house, but the mouth of the stove cannot face north. In the past, stoves were made of bricks or stones. Put a "lamp" (a small kerosene lamp) under the stove belly, light it, then cover it and continue to build bricks, which is called "lighting stove". Red rope and red cloth are tied in the middle of the chimney, just like the girder. As soon as the stove was built, the tripod was heated, and glutinous rice balls were cooked with brown sugar to worship Siming Gong, and then craftsmen and neighbors were invited to eat jiaozi. Avoid strangers entering the kitchen within 4 months, hang a straw mat at the door of the kitchen, wipe a handful of grass and put a spell on it. In the traditional home, the door must provide incense for the door god, the kitchen is dedicated to "Emperor Siming" (Kitchen God), and the left corner of the back wall of the hall is dedicated to "Uncle Land". Every month, incense paper treasures are burned on the fifteenth day to pray for peace.