When renal function declines, urinary toxins cannot be excreted, which will accumulate in the blood and cause poisoning symptoms (uremia), and also lead to excessive hydrogen, sodium and potassium ions in the body.

Diet control is the basic treatment for patients with chronic renal failure, which can reduce the production of urinary toxins and maintain the minimum nutritional requirements and electrolyte balance. However, this plan is a challenge that patients and their families must strive to overcome, because they often need to give up some food to satisfy their appetite.

Diet control principle

1. Appropriate intake of protein;

Eat enough calories.

3. Pay attention to control the intake of water and salt (sodium);

4. Avoid foods high in potassium and phosphorus.

First, the intake of high quality protein.

Patients with renal failure need to limit the intake of protein to reduce the burden on the kidneys, but if they eat a lot, they will consume the muscles and internal organs of the body. Therefore, they must eat correct and sufficient "quantity" and "quality" protein, and the daily amount should be 1 ~ 1.2g per kilogram of body weight, and eat high-quality animal protein foods with high physiological value, such as fresh milk and eggs. Because of the low utilization rate of plant protein in the body, it produces more nitrogen-containing waste after metabolism, so it is not allowed to eat at will, such as: beans (red beans, mung beans, edamame, broad beans, edamame and pea kernels), bean products (tofu, dried beans and soybean milk), gluten products (gluten, sausage and baked bran) and stone fruits (melon seeds, peanuts and peas). For vegetarians, the essential amino acids in bean products and grains are not complete enough. In order to improve the protein utilization rate of vegetarians, these foods must be eaten together to complement each other. It is better to eat egg yolk instead, and protein should take it according to the quantitative intake standard.

Second, get enough calories.

When limiting protein's intake, in order to avoid insufficient calorie intake, it will increase the production of nitrogen-containing waste, which can be supplemented by eating more foods with high calorie but extremely low in protein. Use vegetable oil (such as soybean and peanut oil), low-protein starch (such as sodium sulfate, white powder and lotus root starch) and sugar (such as rock sugar, honey, ginger candy and fruit candy) to make all kinds of delicious snacks, and consume 30-40 calories per kilogram of body weight every day to avoid excessive weight loss.

Third, be careful to control water.

When renal failure and micturition decrease, water will accumulate in the body, the load of cardiovascular system will increase, and symptoms such as drowsiness, systemic edema, weight gain, cough, shortness of breath when lying flat, decreased hematocrit (Hct), hypertension, heart failure and pericarditis will appear. Moreover, due to excessive dehydration during dialysis, it is prone to imbalance syndromes such as headache, nausea, vomiting and muscle spasm. The daily weight gain is limited to no more than one kilogram, and the amount of drinking water is 500 ~ 700 ml of the total urine volume of the previous day. If the urine volume of the previous day was 500ml, then 500 cc+500 (7d0) ml =1000 ~1200ml, which is the amount of water that can be drunk all day, including boiled water, porridge, milk, soup and drinks. Avoid drinking a lot of water. You can rinse your mouth with ice water, chew gum or squeeze a little lemon juice to relieve thirst. Try to concentrate on drinking soup and reduce the amount of water.

Fourth, pay attention to the control of salt.

When renal failure occurs, water and salt can't be discharged, which is easy to cause edema and aggravate hypertension. Patients should not eat more than 5 grams of salt every day. 1 g (1/5 tea soup) salt =6/5 tea soup soy sauce = 1 tea soup monosodium glutamate, so the above seasonings contain salt and cannot be added at will; You can use sugar, onion, ginger, garlic and so on. To improve the taste. Patients should also limit the intake of high-sodium foods, such as canned food, pickled smoked products, soy sauce, pickles, pickles, fast food and so on. If you have a bad appetite, there is no need to limit salt. On the premise of dietary nutrition, limit sodium intake after your appetite is good and your nutrition is enough.

Five, beware of potassium ion is too high

Potassium ions cannot be excreted from severely damaged kidneys, which may cause hyperkalemia, and in severe cases, it may cause numbness of fingers, fatigue, weakness of limbs, chest tightness, stiff tongue, difficulty in speaking, loss of consciousness, arrhythmia or cardiac arrest.

The causes of hyperkalemia include: 1, inadequate dialysis; 2, no appetite; 3, constipation; 4. Take high-potassium food and vegetables, peel and cut into small pieces, cook with plenty of water for 3-5 minutes, and then fry with oil; Coffee, tea, chicken essence and traditional Chinese medicine juice contain high potassium content, which will cause hyperkalemia.

High-potassium vegetables: green leafy vegetables (such as spinach, water spinach, amaranth and lettuce), mushrooms, laver, kelp, carrots and potatoes.

Fruits with high potassium content: bananas, tomatoes, dates, oranges, Liu Ding, mangoes, persimmons, cantaloupes, grapefruit and carambola (easy to burp). It is suggested to give priority to one fruit at a time, and the appropriate amount is about 1/6.

Low-potassium fruits: pineapple, papaya, watermelon, pear, strawberry, lemon, etc. But it is not suitable for eating a lot.

Six, keep the balance of calcium and phosphorus

Calcium and phosphorus are important minerals in the body, which can maintain the good growth of bones and teeth and make neuromuscular function normal. When calcium is insufficient, you should eat more milk, calcium tablets and vitamin D, which can also reduce the occurrence of secondary hyperthyroidism. Phosphorus is ubiquitous in all foods containing protein. If you want to have sufficient nutrient intake and reduce the absorption of phosphorus in the body, please take phosphorus binders such as aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate at the same time when eating to combine phosphorus in food. Pay attention to high-phosphorus foods: eat whole grains and products (such as brown rice, germ rice, whole wheat bread), internal organs (liver, kidney, brain), stone fruits (peanuts, cashews, walnuts) and sauce products (peanut butter), chocolate, egg yolk, milk and dairy products.

Seven, eat less "aluminum and purine" food to avoid aluminum poisoning and gout.

High aluminum diet: 1, tea; 2. cheese; 3. make tea; 4, hair cake; 5. Cook in an aluminum container.

High purine diet: 1, gravy; 2, lentils; 3. thick soup; 4. Lean meat and duck meat; 5. brain; 6. mushrooms; 7, internal organs (liver, kidney, heart); 8. sardines; 9. eels; 10, asparagus. 1 1, chronic nephritis; Diet; keep fit

Renal failure diet

Diet regulation of patients with chronic renal failure is a very important part of the treatment principle, and cases of illness deterioration or even death caused by careless diet are often seen in clinic. What should patients with renal failure eat?

First of all, soft food, hard food and fried food should be avoided.

The gastrointestinal mucosa of patients with chronic renal failure is often in a state of congestion and erosion due to toxin retention in the body and blood microcirculation disorder, such as eating hard food and fried food such as sesame cake candy and fried noodles pit, which often causes food to cut blood vessels in the stomach and cause bleeding. Because of coagulation dysfunction in patients with chronic renal failure and uremia, if bleeding is difficult to stop, it will lead to death.

Second, the diet should be light and avoid spicy food.

The gastrointestinal mucosa of patients with chronic renal failure and uremia is often in a state of hyperemia and erosion, such as eating irritating foods such as pepper and white wine, which will often aggravate the erosion of gastrointestinal mucosa and lead to blood vessels oozing from the inner wall of the stomach.

Three, eating dogs, sheep, cattle and other meat products should be cautious.

Chinese medicine believes that dog meat, mutton, beef and so on. They are all hair products, which are easy to cause recurrence or aggravation of the disease. It remains to be seen whether it is a coincidence that patients with renal failure caused by systemic lupus erythematosus or chronic nephritis get worse or even die after eating beef and mutton, but patients with chronic renal failure should not eat such meat products.

It is very common to treat acute renal failure with simple and wonderful prescriptions, but it is extremely rare for severe acute renal failure (such as acute renal failure caused by glomerulonephritis). Wonderful prescription for treating acute renal failure;

(1) 30g of rhubarb, 30g of Sophora japonica and 30g of cassia twig are decocted in water to remove residues. Retention enema, 65438+ 0-2 doses per day.

(2) Decocting 30g of Scutellaria barbata, 30g of oyster, 20g of rhubarb and 20g of cooked aconite root in water, and removing residues. Retention enema, 65438+ 0-2 doses per day.

(3) In the oliguria period, 30g of plantain seeds can be taken, wrapped in cloth, decocted in water, then added with stem rice100g, and boiled into porridge.

(4) Diuresis Take 500g of black beans, 5g of longan pulp/kloc-0 and 50g of jujube, add 1 dose of water every day, and take it in the morning and evening.

(5) In the period of polyuria, 3 grams of ginseng and 3 slices of walnut kernel can be taken and decocted in water for one hour, and served with soup.

(6) Crush 5-7 snails and apply them to Guanyuan point.

(7) 60 grams of fresh plantain and 60 grams of fresh lotus root are mashed to get juice once.

(8) Captive cypress12g, Agkistrodon, Hedyotis diffusa 30g, Scrophularia 30g, decocted in water and then hot compressed.

Dietary recipes for renal failure

Chronic Nephropathy 1 Phase and Phase 2 Diet

I. Weighing 45 kg

0.75g kg body weight per day, 30kcal kg body weight per day.

Protein 34 grams, heat 1350 kcal.

Breakfast: milk 125ml, bread 50g, lotus root starch 30g.

Lunch: 75 grams of rice

Stir-fried mutton with onion: mutton 50g, onion 100g, sunflower oil 10g, salt 0.5g.

Fried cabbage: 230g, sunflower oil 1 0g, salt10g.

Dinner: 50g steamed bread and 200ml white rice porridge.

Fried lettuce170g, sunflower oil10g, salt 0.5g.

Second, 50 kg weight, 38 g protein, 1500 kcal.

Breakfast: boiled egg 1 piece, 300 ml of corn porridge (1 bowl), and sweet potato100g.

Lunch: rice 100g (raw weight), braised grass carp 50g, vegetarian mung bean sprouts100g; 5ml of soy sauce, salt 1g, soybean oil 15ml.

Dinner: Hot noodle soup: noodles 100g (30g wheat flour +70g wheat starch); Tomato 30g, egg 1 0g, vegetable-roasted eggplant150g, soybean oil15ml, salt10g, fruit watermelon10g.

III. Weighing 55 kg, calories 1650 kcal, protein 42 grams.

Breakfast: boiled eggs 1 piece, white rice porridge 250ml( 1 bowl), pancakes (wheat starch 30g, wheat flour 20g).

Extra meal: 1 apple

Lunch: 75g of rice (raw weight), boiled chicken 100g, and 250g of vegetarian baked wax gourd.

Extra meal: yogurt 130ml.

Dinner: steamed bread (wheat starch 70g, wheat flour 30g), roasted grass carp 40g, cooked flowers 200g, tomato and egg soup 300ml (tomato 30g, egg 10g, starch 10g).

All day: no more than 3 grams of salt and no more than 30 grams of vegetable oil.

Four, the weight of 60 kg, calories 1800 kcal, protein 45 grams.

Breakfast: 250ml milk and 50g steamed bread.

Lunch: vegetable fried bitter gourd 200g, chicken wings 35g( 1), rice 100g, tomato 200g( 1), corn germ oil 15ml, salt 1g, fruit watermelon1.

Dinner: 25g of celery bean curd, 200g of celery, 0/00g of rice/kloc, 2g of salt, 200g of lentils, egg and tomato soup (20g of eggs, 20g of tomatoes, 0/00ml of water/kloc), and 0/5ml of soybean oil/kloc.

The third stage

First, 45 kg weight; 0.75g kg body weight per day, 30kcal kg body weight per day.

Protein 34 grams, heat 1350 kcal.

Breakfast: milk 125ml, bread 50g, lotus root starch 30g.

Lunch: 75 grams of rice

Stir-fried mutton with onion: mutton 50g, onion 100g, sunflower oil 10g, salt 0.5g.

Fried cabbage: 230g, sunflower oil 1 0g, salt10g.

Dinner: 50g steamed bread and 200ml white rice porridge.

Fried lettuce170g, sunflower oil10g, salt 0.5g.

Second, 50 kg weight, 38 g protein, 1500 kcal.

Breakfast: boiled egg 1 piece, 300 ml of corn porridge (1 bowl), and sweet potato100g.

Lunch: rice 100g (raw weight), braised grass carp 50g, vegetarian mung bean sprouts100g; 5ml of soy sauce, salt 1g, soybean oil 15ml.

Dinner: Hot noodle soup: noodles 100g (30g wheat flour +70g wheat starch); Tomato 30g, egg 1 0g, vegetable-roasted eggplant150g, soybean oil15ml, salt10g, fruit watermelon10g.

III. Weighing 55 kg, calories 1650 kcal, protein 42 grams.

Breakfast: boiled eggs 1 piece, white rice porridge 250ml( 1 bowl), pancakes (wheat starch 30g, wheat flour 20g).

Extra meal: 1 apple

Lunch: 75g of rice (raw weight), boiled chicken 100g, and 250g of vegetarian baked wax gourd.

Extra meal: yogurt 130ml.

Dinner: steamed bread (wheat starch 70g, wheat flour 30g), roasted grass carp 40g, cooked flowers 200g, tomato and egg soup 300ml (tomato 30g, egg 10g, starch 10g).

All day: no more than 3 grams of salt and no more than 30 grams of vegetable oil.

Four, 0.75 grams of weight per day, 30 kilocalories per day.

Weight 60 kg, calories 1800 kcal, protein 45 g.

Breakfast: 250ml milk and 50g steamed bread.

Lunch: vegetable fried bitter gourd 200g, chicken wings 35g( 1), rice 100g, tomato 200g( 1), corn germ oil 15ml, salt 1g, fruit watermelon1.

Dinner: dry fried celery and dried bean curd 25g, celery 200g, rice 100g, salt 2g, vegetarian fried lentils: lentils 200g, egg and tomato soup (eggs 20g, tomatoes 20g, water 100ml), and soybean oil 15ml.

The fourth stage-before the head

The standard weight is 45kg, the protein is 27g, and the calorie 1400kcal.

Breakfast: 2 dumplings (zucchini 100g, half an egg, 25g+ wheat flour+50g wheat starch), oil 10g, 40g+ lotus root starch+250ml water.

Lunch: Spinach chicken porridge (rice 25g+ spinach 50g chicken breast 10g), vegetable dumplings (corn flour 25g+ wheat starch 25g, Chinese cabbage 100g, shrimp skin 2g, vermicelli 10g), and stir-fried three shreds (green pepper+carrot+onion).

Dinner: rice 100g (raw weight), shredded pork with garlic moss (meat 15g+ garlic moss 100g).

Wax gourd vermicelli soup, oil 15g.

Extra meal: 1 apple

Standard 50 kg weight, 30 g protein, 1500 calories.

Breakfast: boiled egg 1 piece, 300 ml of corn porridge (1 bowl), and sweet potato100g.

Lunch: 100g pancake (30g wheat flour +70g wheat starch), 50g braised grass carp, 100g vegetarian bean sprouts; 5ml of soy sauce, salt 1g, soybean oil 15ml.

Dinner: Hot noodle soup: noodles 100g (30g wheat flour +70g wheat starch); Tomato 30g, egg 10g, soup 250ml. Vegetable baked eggplant 1 50g, soybean oil15ml, salt1g, fruit watermelon100g.

The standard weight is 60 kg, the dietary protein is 36 g, and the calorie 1800 kcal.

Breakfast: 50g of lotus root starch, 250ml of fresh milk, cream bread 1 slice, cold dish100g.

Extra meal: 1 apple

Lunch: 2 Liang of wheat starch jiaozi (25g+ of wheat flour+80g of wheat starch), 250g of green vegetables, 50g of lean meat and 2 teaspoons of vegetable oil.

Dinner: rice 100g (raw weight), 250g seasonal fresh vegetables and 2 tsps vegetable oil.

Use 3 grams of salt all day.

The standard weight is 70kg, the dietary protein is 42g, and the calorie is 2 100kcal.

Breakfast: 50 grams of lotus root starch, sesame seed cake 1, cold dishes.

Lunch: 3 Two wheat starch pancakes (50g wheat flour+100g wheat starch), cold cucumber 100g, celery tofu (50g celery, 25g tofu), and zucchini shrimp soup.

Dinner: rice 100g (raw weight), steamed grass carp 50g, garlic eggplant 100g, white radish soup,

Peach 1

Use 40 grams of vegetable oil, 3 grams of salt and other condiments all day.

I hope you can adopt/view/244921.htm #19.