Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou was built by Huang Shougong, and Huang Shougong and his descendants were honored as the master of Tan Yue. The temple was founded in the second year of Tang Dynasty (AD 686) and renamed Kaiyuan Temple in the 26th year of Tang Dynasty (AD 733). There are many monks in the temple, and there are famous East West Pagoda and other landscapes in the temple. At present, it is a national key cultural relics protection unit, one of the top ten scenic spots in Fujian Province and one of the eighteen scenic spots in Quanzhou.

First, the legend of building a temple

Huang Shougong, the owner of Tan Yue of Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou, is the son of Xuanyuan Huangdi.

Photos of Kaiyuan Temple Scenic Spot in Quanzhou (16) According to the genealogy of Huang family in Ziyun, Jiangxia, Huang Shougong is the grandson of Huang's ancestor 1 12. He was born in 629 AD and died in 7 12 AD. Huang Shougong became an official in Quanzhou (in other words, Huang Shougong was the earliest sericulture pioneer in Quanzhou) and became a rich man with 360 farms. A monk named Zen Master Kuanghu asked Huang Shougong to build a temple, but Huang refused. Mad Tiger Jackson went back and forth and worked diligently for a long time. Huang Shougong said to Mad Tiger Zen Master: If you want our land, just wait for the mulberry tree in my backyard to produce lotus flowers. I will give you my land. Zen master Kuanghu left happily. The next day, Zen master Kuanghu came again and said to Huang Shougong, the mulberry tree in your backyard is blooming with lotus flowers, please enjoy it. Huang Jianhua was very upset and wanted to brush the preface. The monk drifted away without a trace. If the male is infected and does not heal for three years, the mulberry will bloom for three years.

Gong (according to Huang Shougong) lamented: This monk is very human. Look for it on every street. The monk suddenly came. Gong Bai said, the order has been issued, and I wish it, but how much is unknown? The monk said that a cassock is enough. Make a public commitment. Monks throw their robes for a long time, and there are 360 villages in the shade. Huang Shougong offered land to build a temple. Since the second year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 686), Lotus Temple, Xingjiao Temple and longxing temple have been built successively (renamed Kaiyuan Temple in AD 738 in the 26th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty). Because it is often covered with Ziyun (another thing is that after the main hall of the temple was completed, Ziyun suddenly fell to cover the ground, resulting in the grass in the front yard 1300 years unable to reproduce. This historical unsolved case became the object of UFO live discussion in 1992 UFO exploration magazine), and the word Ziyun was revealed in the mountain gate. The land of Kaiyuan Temple was donated by Huang Shougong, and Tan Yue Temple was built in the temple to worship Huang Shougong's position. Huang Shougong and his descendants were worshipped as masters of Tan Yue. -

Second, the temple attractions

Tianwangdian 1

The gate of Kaiyuan Temple is also called Tennoja. It was built by Wu Zetian in the third year of Tang Dynasty (AD 687), and was destroyed and rebuilt by fire several times before and after. The existing buildings were built in the 14th year of the Republic of China (AD 1925). Please look at this stone pillar first: the upper and lower ends are slightly thinner, and the middle part is thicker, showing a spindle shape. According to textual research, it is a stone pillar style in the Tang Dynasty, which is very old. There is also a wooden couplet hanging on the stone pillar. This place was called Buddha country in ancient times, and the streets were full of saints. This was written by Zhu, a Dali scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, and a master monk in modern times. It is a true portrayal of Quanzhou, an ancient city with strong religious and cultural colors. Sitting on both sides of the Tianwang Temple are the tantric King Kong and the Brahma King, which are arranged according to the provisions of the tantric Buddhism. They glared, held their heads high, and looked very dignified, which was quite different from the four donkey kong sculptures in general temples. Some people call them the army of two generals.

Step 2 worship the pavilion

Cross the mountain gate to Baiting. We can see that the East-West Pagoda and the spacious and bright East-West Corridor are symmetrically arranged on both sides, and our position is on the central axis of Kaiyuan Temple. Buddhism was introduced into China 1000 years ago, and it blossomed in China, blending with China culture. The layout of Kaiyuan Temple highlights the characteristics of ancient buildings in China, which are dominated by the south and the central axis. Quanzhou Kaiyuan Temple Map

This data comes from Baidu map, and the final result is subject to Baidu map data.

Step 3 visit the court

The Dashiting in front of the worship pavilion is a grass-free worship hall for the sacrifices and activities of officials and people in ancient and modern times. On the 26th day of the lunar calendar, there is a sea of people here, and there is a scene of crossing the south in spring. Perhaps it is also because tickets are not collected on this day that many tourists are attracted to visit it. There are eight big banyan trees on both sides of the stone court, which are 200 to 800 years old, hidden in the sun and intertwined with each other, adding the quiet and solemn atmosphere of Kaiyuan Temple. There are 1 1 ancient buildings, small pagodas and two different forms of Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties under the tree. There is also a 3-meter-high stone carving and silk burning furnace in the court. Cover buttons, dragons, auspicious clouds, lotus petals and creeping weeds are carved around the furnace body. Beautiful shape and exquisite carving. Later, there were two square stone pagodas donated by Liu Sanniang in Nanxiang, Quanzhou in the 15th year of the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 145), on which were engraved the story of Prince Sahammer giving his life to feed the tiger, which was the trace left by Hinduism in the Southern Song Dynasty.

4. Daxiong Hall

The main building on the central axis is the Great Hall in front of us. According to legend, Ziyun built land when the temple was built, so it is also called Ziyun Hall. Above the main hall, this huge plaque reads four Weibei-style mulberry law tycoons in response to Sankai Anbaili's statement. As early as the early Tang Dynasty, Quanzhou was rich in silk. This land was originally the mulberry garden of Huang Shougong, a rich man, and was later donated to Master Kuanghu to build a temple. There is a touching legend about this matter: One day, Huang Shougong dreamed that a monk asked him to raise land to build a temple, and he said that he would provide land and become attached to it after the mulberry trees in Bai Lianhua opened. A few days later, all the mulberry trees in the garden bloomed in Bailian. Huang Shougong was deeply moved by this boundless Buddhism, so he donated this mulberry garden. In fact, Huang Shougong was originally a charitable person, and the saying that Mulberry opens lotus was made by people worshiping Buddha, but this magical legend was relished by Quanzhou people and passed down from generation to generation, so Kaiyuan Temple also got the reputation of Mulberry Law.

Daxiong Hall was built in the second year of the Tang Dynasty (AD 686). It was influenced and rebuilt several times in Tang, Southern Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The existing building is a relic of the tenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (AD 1637). The main hall is 20 meters high, nine rooms wide and six rooms deep, with an area of 1387.75 square meters. The arch of the main hall is far-reaching and magnificent in appearance, which preserves the magnificent architectural style of the Tang Dynasty.

In the center of the Ursa Mahayana Hall is the Pilu Jinna Buddha, which is given by the imperial government. Translated into Chinese, it is the highest god of Tantric Buddhism. On both sides are four giant buddhas molded during the renovation of the Great Hall of the Five Dynasties. They are the Oriental Aroma World Buddha, the South Joy World Buddha, the Amitabha in the Western Elysium World, and the Achievement Buddha in the North Lotus World, which are collectively called Five Dhyani Buddhas, also known as the Five Wisdom Tathagata. These five giant buddhas are glittering, with distinct clothing lines, kind faces and solemn testimonies. Their hands are used for presentation, giving, receiving and meditation, and their craftsmanship is exquisite and amazing. Five Dhyani Buddhas's attendants are Manjusri, Pu Xian, Ananda, Ye Jia, Guanyin, Shi Zhi, Wei Tuo, Guan Yu, Brahma Heavenly King and Dishi, with a total of 10 gods. In the middle of the back of the main hall, there is the first holy Guanyin, the tantric six Guanyin, as well as eighteen arhats, dragons, and different wings. The abbots of Kaiyuan Temple converted to different sects in past dynasties, including Faxiang Sect, Legalist Sect, Pure Land Sect, Tantric Sect and Zen Sect. However, it is worth boasting and learning that the main hall can maintain this rare regulation.

The Baizhu Hall in the Ursa Major Hall also has an nickname. It was originally planned to set up 100 columns in the whole museum. Later, due to the need to place Buddha statues to make room for Buddhists to worship, the beams were lengthened and the columns were reduced, making it a hundred-column temple with 86 columns. In the tenth year of Chongzhen (AD 1637), Zeng Ying, a right-wing political affairs and provincial judge, and Zheng Zhilong, the company commander, rebuilt the Ziyun Hall of Kaiyuan Temple and replaced all the wooden pillars with stone pillars. The columns of Baizhu Temple are rich and colorful, including begonia-shaped columns, columns and square columns in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Shuttle column, dragon column, etc. In particular, the pair of 16 angular diabase columns between the verandah behind the temple are carved with 24 stories and flower patterns of Krishna, an ancient Hindu god circulating in ancient India and Ceylon, which have aroused great interest of Chinese and foreign scholars. Together with 72 diabase sphinxes and the lion relief at Sumitomo's waist on the platform in front of the temple, it was removed from the destroyed main Yinjiao Temple during the restoration of the temple in the Yuan Dynasty. They are the historical testimony of Quanzhou's prosperous overseas transportation and friendly cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries during the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

At the junction of Five Dhyani Buddhas Dianthus and Liang Heng, there are two rows of 24 goddesses, Sanskrit starlings (Miao Yin birds). They are plump, gorgeous, colorful and spread their wings. According to Buddhist scriptures, this bird has a delicate voice and elegant fairy sound, even Kinnara, the god of songs, is not as good as her. They used to be waiters of the Buddha, but skillful craftsmen embedded their lower bodies in the tenons, their claws and feet exposed under their wings, their upper bodies stretched forward, their heads held high, their coats were half naked, their arms were outstretched, their wrists were tamed with bracelets, their hands were Four Treasures of the Study, and melons and fruits were snacks. Their posture was as elegant as a fairy. They not only give people beautiful artistic enjoyment, but also replace the bucket arch, rely on the thick honing beam, reduce its excessive span, and skillfully integrate religion, art and architecture, which is amazing.

5. Sangpeng Site

On the west side of Baizhutang, there is a thousand-year-old mulberry tree that is said to have opened in Bai Lianhua, namely the Sangpeng Monument. Seeing its doddering appearance, everyone believed that it was over 1000 years old, and most people ignored whether it had ever driven to Bai Lianhua. However, under the old mulberry tree, there is an ancient stone tablet, which seems to be true. /kloc-in a thunderstorm in 0/925, the old mulberry tree was chopped into three sections by lightning, and one of the sections fell to the ground, so the monks lifted it up with a piece of granite and inscribed couplets as a pair of lotus arches for two years, which made the old mulberry tree miraculously survive, flourish and rejuvenate. A few years ago, the strong wind blew the tree off the supported stone, but when people supported it again, it took root. Nowadays, three old mulberry trees with the same root are like a blooming flower, which extends in three directions: east, west, north and south, and is lush all year round.

6. Mana ring altar

The Mana Ring altar behind the main hall was built on the second step of the central axis. It is said that during the Tang Dynasty, nectar often fell here, so a monk named Xing Zhao dug a nectar well here. In the third year of coming to Tianjin in the north (A.D. 10 19), an altar was built in Inoue, so it was called Ganlu Jietan. In the second year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 108), Gao Sangdun thought that Tan Jie was not up to standard, and it was rebuilt to the fifth grade according to Nanshan Tujing, during which the height, width and width were strictly restricted. After many renovations in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the existing building is a four-eaves octagonal structure rebuilt in the fifth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (AD 1666). The caisson in the middle of the altar adopts wishful bucket arch, which is folded and gathered, like a spider web, like a brocade, and its structure is complex and exquisite. Around the altar, there are 24 flying musicians in the column arch and workshop, wearing ribbons, holding pipa, erhan, flute and castanet, singing and dancing lightly and dancing like flying. They are not only treasures of architectural art, but also precious image materials for studying Nanyin and Nanxi, just like the bent frame in Baizhutang.

There are five floors below the algae well. The top floor of the altar is dedicated to the woodcarving statue of Lushenafo in Ming Dynasty. There is a lotus petal on the lotus seat where it sits, and a 6 cm Buddha statue is carved on each lotus leaf, which is very beautiful. Around Lushena, there are four buddhas, namely, Jinganggou, Jingangsuo, Jingangling and Jingangsuo, as well as 24 Buddha statues, including Sakyamuni, Amitabha, Hanshan, Picked up, Guanyin with a Thousand Hands and General Wei Tuo. Among them, donkey kong Eight Honors is the most important. They glared, barefoot and shirtless, and looked extremely dignified. Around the waist of the altar, there are 64 trump cards of various gods to protect the three conversions and the five precepts. The ring altar is where Buddhists are ordained. This mysterious and solemn atmosphere can make people feel awe, destroy all thoughts and convert wholeheartedly. It is said that this kind of ring altar is rare in the country. As the saying goes, scarcity is precious, and everyone has a good time. Kaiyuan Temple landscape picture

7. sutra depository

After leaving the altar, it is the sutra depository, which is called the treasure house. It used to be a Buddhist temple, which was built by the eminent monk Liu Jianyi in the 22nd year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1285). During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it was rebuilt many times. In the 14th year of the Republic of China (AD 1925), Monk Yuanying was converted into a two-story pavilion with cement imitation wood structure. Downstairs is now a place where monks recite scriptures and worship Buddha. Upstairs, there are more than 3,700 volumes of various versions of scriptures. In the Five Dynasties, King Kaimin accidentally ascended the throne and ruled Fujian and Xinjiang. So when she became the queen of Fujian, she became attached to the Buddha, gained great confidence, made great wishes, converted to her heart and achieved psychological balance. He has donated millions of dollars to build halls and other buildings, collected 12 thousand gold and silver and ground them into mud. He asked Master Yiying of Kaiyuan Temple to write two gold and silver tripitages, and there were still pages left on the second floor. In addition, there are the Fire Sutra written by the Yuan Dynasty according to the blood pricking of the mage and the Baye Sutra written in Tamil. They are precious Buddhist classics in China. In addition, the sutra depository also preserved historical relics from the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the Republic of China. Among them, there are 32 jade, bronze, porcelain, wooden Buddha statues, bodhisattvas, arhats, heavenly kings and gods. The calligraphy and wooden couplets of Zhang Ruitu, a great calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, and Master Hongyi, a modern monk, are also treasured here. There is also a 12 square clock in the lobby on the first floor since the Southern Song Dynasty. Among them, in the 17th year of Qing Daoguang (AD 65,438+0837), the iron bell placed in the suburb of Lugang was cast with the inscriptions of 46 firms that traded with Quanzhou in the suburb of Lugang, which is a very valuable material for studying the economic history of Taiwan Province Province and Quanzhou.

8. East Tower and West Tower

Briefly explain the octagonal five-story pavilion-style wooden tower standing in the squares on both sides of Baiting, which is about 200 meters apart. It is the East West Tower of Quanzhou and an important cultural relic of Kaiyuan Temple. It is famous for its majestic tower, wonderful shape, exquisite architecture and exquisite sculpture, and has attracted countless Chinese and foreign scholars and tourists to visit, watch, ponder and study since the Song Dynasty.

Dongta

The East Tower is a famous national tower. In the sixth year of Xian Tong (AD 865), a five-story wooden pagoda was built by its founder, Zen Master Wen. After several times of destruction and reconstruction, it is easy to turn wood into bricks. It was not until the second year of Jiaxi (A.D. 1238) that Master Benhong turned bricks into stones, and then it was jointly built by Master Faquan and Master Tianxi, which took ten years to complete. The East Tower is 48.24 meters high, and the plane of the tower is divided into four parts: the cloister, the outer wall, the cloister in the tower and the octagonal column in the center of the tower. This tower is a frame structure. The central column of the tower runs through all floors and is the support of the whole tower. Liang Shi is installed at eight corners of each tower core column, connected with the tower wall and inclined column with a thickness of 2m, and the protective bucket of the top column is hoisted out of the arch frame layer by layer, thus reducing the span of Liang Shi. The Liang Shi is jointed with the beam frame like a tenon, which makes the stress connection between the tower core and the tower wall become a whole, greatly strengthening the firmness of the tower body. The tower wall is carved from granite, criss-crossing and overlapping, with accurate calculation and meticulous construction. The solid foundation and the solid tower core in line with the mechanical principles make this building weighing more than 10,000 tons still stand up after more than 700 years of wind, frost and rain. The earthquake of magnitude 8 in A.D. 1604 could not shake its foundation. This stone tower is not only strong, but also beautifully shaped. The eaves of the tower extend outward in an arc shape, and the eaves are high, which makes the tower feel flying in the air and appear light. Each floor has four doors and four niches, which are interchanged at different levels. This can not only disperse gravity evenly, but also make the tower more vivid and beautiful. Each tower has a pair of bronze doublets tied to the eaves. The breeze blew, and the duet 1 jingled and sounded beautiful. There are eight big chains at the top of the tower, which connect the eight corners with the top of the brake. It looks magnificent and purple. Sixteen reliefs are carved on the wall of each tower, in which there are 80 figures, including people riding to heaven, hearing voices riding, feeling riding, bodhisattva riding and Buddha riding. Exquisite knife work, smooth lines and wonderful craftsmanship. 1997, the East Tower was selected as one of the four famous tower stamps in China, making it the king of stone towers.

Siduo

The west tower is called Renshou Tower. In the third year of the Five Dynasties Liang Dynasty (AD 9 17), Wang built this tower from Fuzhou Fanhai Mulai Spring, formerly known as Infinite Life Tower. In the fourth year of Beilaizheng (AD 1 1 14), Renshou Tower was invited to be named. Many times before and after the destruction and reconstruction, wood was replaced by bricks. From the first year of Shaoding in Song Dynasty to the first year of Jiaxi (A.D. 1228- 1237), the self-certified master turned brick into stone, ahead of the East. The west tower is 44.06 meters high, slightly lower than the east tower, and its scale is almost the same as that of the east tower. Only the male-bearded Guanyin and the walker's relief have aroused the extensive interest of tourists and scholars.

evaluate

The stone pagoda of Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou is a treasure of ancient stone buildings in China. From the aspects of building scale, modeling and skills, this stone tower can be said to be exquisite. It fully embodies the high wisdom and great creativity of the working people in the Song Dynasty. It is not only the best stone pagoda in China, but also second to none in the world. It is not only a symbol of unprecedented social prosperity in the heyday of overseas traffic in Quanzhou in the middle ages, but also a unique symbol of Quanzhou's historical and cultural city. Now, the shadow sculpture of the East West Tower has become a precious gift from the highest level of our city. Therefore, it can be said that the East West Tower has become a symbol of Quanzhou. It is not only the pride of Quanzhou people, but also the rural image that overseas Chinese and compatriots in Taiwan Province Province yearn for. Even people who have never been to Quanzhou often say: to be a man, you should stand like the East West Tower and lie like Luoyang Bridge, which shows the weight of the East West Tower in their minds.

6. Anping Bridge

Commonly known as Wuli Bridge, it is on the bay where Anhai and Nan 'an Shuitou meet in Jinjiang. Shaoxing was founded in the eighth year of Song Dynasty (1 138), and was completed thirteen years later.

It is the longest stone bridge in China. The whole bridge is 2255 meters long and 3-3.8 meters wide, with 36/kloc-0 piers. There are five pavilions on the bridge, including Shui Xin Pavilion, Louting Pavilion, Zhongting Pavilion, Rain Pavilion and Gongting Pavilion. At the eastern end of the bridge, there is a white tower, 22 meters high, with five hexagonal hollow brick towers, painted with white ash. The tall tower and the long bridge set each other off.

1961March, Wuliqiao was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit. In recent years, huge sums of money have been allocated to rebuild collapsed piers and bridge slabs, and to repair three bridge pavilions, towers and bridges. Remove the siltation on both sides of the bridge and restore the beauty of the long bridge reflected by the water. Nowadays, roads and sluice bridges are built downstream of the bridge, which makes the traffic more convenient.

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