Fuzhou, with a history of more than 2200 years, is a famous historical and cultural city with outstanding people and brilliant talents. A lot of knowledge about Fuzhou folk customs, folk customs, dialect idioms, the origin of place names, traditional crafts and so on is deeply loved by the public. Many tourist attractions contain profound Fujian-Vietnam culture. If you want to know more about Fuzhou, you must dive into Fujian's rich cultural fertile soil and taste it slowly.
Fuzhou Culture Network, with pictures and texts, interprets the culture, human landscape and natural landscape of Fuzhou for more than 2,000 years, and shows the old and new social and cultural environment of Fuzhou, a city located in the southeast coast. Based on the history and present situation of Fuzhou folk culture, Fuzhou Culture Network provides all kinds of cultural information, traces the origin of Fuzhou folk culture and excavates local cultural characteristics. It is not only a window to understand the history and reality of Fuzhou, but also a platform for the exchange of local feelings and local accents between Fuzhou dialect areas and Fuzhou folks living in Taiwan Province, Hongkong, Macau and other parts of the world.
2. What is the local culture of Fuqing?
The four characteristics of Fuqing customs have been popular among the people for thousands of years, which basically reflect the traditional habits, moral norms and spiritual outlook of the people in Fuqing area.
It is an important part and distinctive symbol of Fujian folk culture. From the perspective of historical evolution, Fuqing customs have four obvious characteristics: (1) inheriting the ancient Yue cultural heritage; (2) accepting the influence of ancient Central Plains culture; (3) Influenced by religions, especially Buddhism and Taoism; (4) The absorption of overseas culture since modern times.
In Fuqing's traditional seasonal festivals and customs, welcoming the spring, receiving the spring and welcoming the new vividly reflect the traces of the legacy of ancient Yue. However, traditional customs such as the Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Double Ninth Festival, such as marriage, engagement, birthday, and folk beliefs such as Guan Gong's birthday, Ying Cheng Huang's birthday, Kuixing's birthday, Land's birthday and Luban's birthday, are obviously influenced by the Central Plains culture and are living fossils of ancient Central Plains culture. The worship and belief of Fuqing folk to the goddess of the sea (Mazu, commonly known as Mazu) and the goddess of the earth (Mrs. Chen, the Queen Mother of Waterfront, commonly known as Waterfront Milk) shows that Taoism has a deep influence on Fuqing folk customs, especially Waterfront Milk, which has been regarded as the protector of women and children in folk for hundreds of years, has penetrated into almost every household in folk.
Believing in folk customs, such as Guanyin's birthday, Dizang King's birthday, Sizhou Buddha, Bathing Buddha Festival, etc. , fully demonstrated the penetration of Buddhism. Buddhism and Taoism are worshipped by believers in Fuqing folk customs, and they often share the same case with Buddhism.
Relatively speaking, * * * religion has little influence on Fuqing's customs. In modern times, the living habits of Fuqing have also been influenced by Catholicism and Christianity.
Houses with shoes off, lantern exhibitions and flower exhibitions vividly reflect Fuqing people's tradition of being good at absorbing foreign cultures and learning. In the process of its formation, Fuqing Customs not only has the ability to absorb and integrate foreign customs, but also has its own separatist regions.
In the folk customs of life, there are different customs of fellow villagers. In the folk custom of faith, there is not only the phenomenon of burning incense to Taoism and Buddhism, but also the exclusive position of "offering sacrifices to religion" (referring to Catholicism and Christianity from the West) as paganism. Fuqing custom contains a peculiar two-way pattern of respecting tradition and being brave in pioneering, nostalgic for homeland and keen to go abroad, which has cultivated many talents, including Lin Zexu, the first national hero in modern history, Yan Fu, an enlightenment thinker who introduced the western emerging bourgeois ideas, Lin Shu, the founder of China's translation circle, and Huang Nai Song, a famous overseas Chinese leader who initiated "New Fuqing" in South Asia in China's modern history.
Fuqing custom fully presents the humanistic form of "southeast mountain country" and "the glory of Fujian sea", which is closed and open in both directions. Spring Festival is the first day of the first lunar month, which was called the end of feet in ancient times. It is a festival to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, and it is also the biggest festival of the year.
Eating peacefully in the morning (2 eggs on the surface of the line) symbolizes one year's peace. From the first day to the third day, people should pack their clothes and give "New Year greetings" and auspicious words to their elders, relatives and friends at home.
Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, visit the lantern market. After the seventh day in Fuqing area, the lantern market was popular, and lanterns were given to people.
Nanhou Street specializes in selling all kinds of paper lanterns, which are hung high on both sides of the street and under the gutter. Celebrating the ninth day of September is a unique holiday custom in Fuqing area.
Glutinous rice porridge is cooked with red dates, brown sugar, water chestnuts, longan, peanuts and other condiments, which is called "lotus root wine porridge" as breakfast for the whole family; Married daughters should also send porridge to their parents, which means wishing them a safe ninth festival. Tomb-Sweeping Day visited the grave during his stay in Tomb-Sweeping Day. The food is mainly pineapple tree and light cakes.
Dragon Boat Festival: The fifth day of May, also known as the Five-Day Festival. The main activity from the first day to the fifth day is dragon boat racing; At noon on the fifth day, we should drink realgar wine, eat peanut glutinous rice balls and lotus leaf steamed buns.
On the seventh night of July, it was the time when the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl met at the Magpie Bridge. Fuqing area generally presents broad beans to each other as a souvenir on this festival.
The Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated on August 15, also known as the Reunion Festival. Families get together to eat moon cakes, drink and enjoy the moon.
It used to be called "waiting for the moonlight". Chongyang respects the elderly on the ninth day of September, which is called Double Ninth Festival.
In the old society, people climbed mountains and flew kites, which was very lively. The winter solstice is also called the winter festival.
The whole family get together to rub pills, which is called "rubbing pills" in Fuqing dialect, meaning reunion. The 24th day of the twelfth lunar month is also called "offering sacrifices to stoves".
Every household cleans the kitchen to welcome the new year, and the food is mainly stove candy and stove cakes. The last day of the New Year in China, also known as New Year's Eve, is the most important festival of the year.
The whole family get together, have a happy New Year's Eve dinner and give the children lucky money. After the New Year, the next day is the Spring Festival.
3.
Every nation and country in the world has its own unique culture, and national culture is an important symbol of national identity. The traditional Mid-Autumn Festival is an important national festival of the Chinese nation, from which we can deeply feel the charm of cultural diversity. (2 points)
The Mid-Autumn Festival culture contains cultural factors such as local customs, morality and ethics in the life of the Chinese nation, and is a long-term accumulation of China's history and culture. Celebrating the Mid-Autumn Festival is a concentrated display of our national culture and a concentrated expression of national feelings. Through the traditional festivals and customs of all ethnic groups, we can appreciate the charm of China culture. (2 points)
(3) Mid-Autumn Festival culture is an important part of China traditional culture, with distinctive national characteristics. Carrying forward the Mid-Autumn Festival culture can highlight the national characteristics, national styles and national features of the Chinese nation and consolidate its role as a spiritual link to maintain the survival and development of the Chinese nation. (3 points)
Analysis of test questions: This question is based on the materials of the Mid-Autumn Festival party in Fuzhou, Fujian Province from 20 12 to 10 3, and examines the students' ability to understand and apply the knowledge in the textbook. To answer this question, every nation and country in the world has its own unique culture, and national culture is an important symbol of national identity. The Mid-Autumn Festival culture contains cultural factors such as customs, morality and ethics in China's life, and it is a long-term accumulation of China's history and culture. Mid-Autumn Festival culture is an important part of China's traditional culture, with distinct national characteristics. We should carry forward the Mid-Autumn Festival culture, answer from one angle, and pay attention to the organic combination of basic knowledge and textbook materials.
Comments: Problem-solving ideas: three points should be grasped when examining the questions: the scope of knowledge (note that the answers sometimes seem to exceed the requirements of the scope, and there is a problem of knowledge infiltration and borrowing), the events to be analyzed, and the angle of answering questions. The main ideas of linking the test questions are: based on the required knowledge range, looking for relevant information in the materials and organizing the answers reasonably; If important information is not analyzed after the required principles are used up, it is necessary to consider the migration and borrowing of knowledge.
4. Who is the same as Lu Yin and called "the three talented women in Fuzhou"?
Lu Yin (1898- 1934), formerly known as Huang Shuyi and also known as Huang Ying, was a famous female writer in Nanyu Township, Minhou County, Fujian Province during the May 4th Movement. Lu Yin is as famous as Bing Xin and Lin, and is called "the three talented women in Fuzhou".
Taking the pen name Lu Yin means hiding the true face of Lushan Mountain. 1903 After his father died, he went to live in Beijing with his uncle, then entered the Muzhen College Primary School run by the church and began to believe in Christianity.
19 12 was admitted to the women's normal school. After graduation, she taught in Beiping Public Girls' Middle School, Anhui Anqing Primary School and Henan Women's Normal School. 19 19 was admitted to the Chinese Department of Beijing Women's Normal School. After graduation, she taught in Xuancheng Middle School in Anhui Province and the middle school affiliated to Beiping Normal University. 1925 published the first novel collection "Old Friends by the Sea".
In the past few years, mother, husband, brother and close friend Shi Pingmei passed away one after another, and the sad mood was shrouded in Lu Yin's collections of works "Tide of the Soul" and "Mary" published during this period. He married Li Weijian in 1930, and later published their communication collection "Love Letters of the Gull".
After their marriage, they lived in Tokyo and published "Tokyo Sketch", and they lived happily. Hou Lu died in dystocia at the age of 36.
Generally speaking, Lu Yin is a sentimental pessimist. Except for some early works, her works have not got rid of the sad tone. She is struggling for the meaning of life, but she can't see the future of life. She thinks that life is "more elusive than dreaming" and has struggled in the sad sea almost all her life.
She, or the owner of the work, is often troubled by sadness and can't get rid of it. She regards sadness as a great saint. In Modern Women Writers in China published by Columbia University in 2003, Lu Yin ranks alongside Xiao Hong, Su and Shi Pingmei as eighteen important women writers in modern China.
5. Do you know the folk "Zhi Zhu Ci" in Fuzhou?
I'm sorry, I've always loved poetry, but I really don't know much about Fujian folk Zhi Zhu Ci.
Here is just a brief talk, please forgive me if you can't reach it. Zhi Zhu's ci "Appreciating the local customs" is characterized by chanting the local customs, which has an indissoluble bond with the regional culture.
It is often filled with fresh cultural personality and strong local flavor in the description of the world and human feelings. The folk song Zhuzhici in Tang Dynasty can be said to be a mature seven-character folk song.
According to Liu Yuxi, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, when he was exiled to Bachu, Zhi Zhu Song was a seven-character folk song with a fixed interlayer. Liu Yuxi's personal impression is: "His chess pieces are as wonderful as Wu Sheng's. Although I am inseparable from my family, I am witty and thoughtful, and I have my own beauty. "
The book Ci of Past Dynasties (edited by Professor Wang and advocated by Mr. Wang) contains the Ci of Minnan and Puxian, but the number is not much. Fujian Imperial Examination flourished in Qing Dynasty, and Zhi Zhu, a scholar, created many ci poems. On the other hand, the unique local customs in Fujian have attracted many foreigners, and the resulting Zhi Zhu Ci should be considerable.
In Fuzhou, the more valuable words are: The Word of Democracy compiled by Fuzhou local historians from 65438 to 0962 (a copy during the Republic of China), and the Pure Word of Democracy. In addition, he also wrote "Fuzhou Local Poetry" (1963 Chunbai Renzhai Transcript); Fifty poems by Lin Zhongshan in Qing Dynasty.
The collection and arrangement of Fujian folk Zhi Zhu Ci is not perfect. If seniors are good at this, they should be able to achieve something.
6. Zhangzhou history and local culture
National AAAA Scenic Pilgrimage Area-Sanping Temple is the first wonder in the world-Dongshan Fengyan World Cultural Heritage-Fujian (Zhangzhou) Tulou National AAAA Scenic Area-Yundongyan Scenic Area The first batch of national geoparks-Zhangzhou Binhai Volcano National Geopark Agricultural products: longan, litchi, Tianbao banana, citrus, longan, grapefruit, pineapple, Hua 'an Tieguanyin tea, mushrooms, bamboo shoots, etc.
Flowers: Narcissus, Magnolia, Kapok, Camellia, Orchid Seafood: Oyster, Perch, Shrimp, Grouper, Abalone, Lobster, Scallop. Special snacks: Satie noodles, dry mixed noodles, duck noodles, grass, stone flowers, bean curd, spiced fried dumpling, cat porridge, Lu noodles and Zhangzhou "smelly head".