The traditional folk festivals in China are also called Duanyang Festival, Pujie Festival, Tianzhong Festival, Dachang Festival, Mulan Festival, Daughter's Day and Children's Day on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. It is one of the traditional festivals of the Han nationality. Besides this, the Dragon Boat Festival has many other nicknames, such as: Noon Festival, Chongwu Festival, May Festival, Yulan Festival, Daughter's Day, Tianzhong Festival, Dila Festival, Sao Festival, Dragon Day, Ai Festival, Duanwu Festival, Summer Festival, Chongwu Festival, Noon Day and so on. Although the names are different, on the whole, the customs of people around the country are more similar than different. The origin and formation of the Dragon Boat Festival is not an accidental product of a historical event or a story of people, but a natural revelation and reaction of the national cultural quality in the folk psychology, specifically, it is a vulgar commemoration of the Taiji Fuxi Eight Diagrams culture created by Fu Yi, the ancestor of the Central Plains humanities-the number of days in the Hutuluo Book is 25, the number of places is 3, the number of heaven and earth is 55. On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, the combination of numbers and yin and yang, which are regarded as heavenly stems and earthly branches's records of the year, the sun and the moon, is the extreme of chanting. China's popular proverb says: "Under the first month, play the Spring Festival; Zhong Chuner, the dragon heads high; March 3, offering sacrifices to ancestors; On April 8, worship the bodhisattva; May 5, the Dragon Boat Festival; June 6, drying silk fabrics; On July 7th, begging skillfully; August 15th is the Mid-Autumn Festival; Xuan Yue Nine, Chongyang; On October 1, send winter clothes; On October 1 ST, the sun, the moon and the winter solstice count Yang Jiu, and the middle of the spring and the eighth year of the year. " Almost every month, there are festivals, all of which are digital repetitions. China people's digital concept is to respect one thing, worship three things and respect five things, and 25 is ten, which is the law of yin and yang. Therefore, the arithmetic science of Fu Yi culture has made China's cadres and branches remember the years. China almanac created in the era of the Yellow Emperor has become the first darling of world science. Both the almanac and Huangdi Neijing of the same period used the dialectical method of Yin-Yang and Five Elements to integrate man and nature into a same great system, which gave birth to the ideological and theoretical break of "the unity of man and nature". Thus, our great ancestors had a special sense of intimacy, closeness and mystery about the number "Five". As a result, when human beings were born, the number "Five-Five" came with them: one hand and five fingers, and the "Five-Five" interaction demanded from nature; One foot and five toes, two or five interchange lines stand between heaven and earth; The "five" of biochemical five senses, five internal organs and so on give people innate natural harmony. Therefore, faced with the digital age of May 5th, the descendants of the Central Plains were born to bring out the roots of prehistoric culture spontaneously, and the Dragon Boat Festival in May became a traditional festival on the land of China. Up to now, the Dragon Boat Festival is still a very popular grand festival among the people of China. The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 2, 26, this folk custom was approved by the State Council and included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.

Dragon Boat Festival is one of the four major festivals throughout the year. May is a poisonous month, the fifth is a poisonous day, and the noon on the fifth is a poisonous time, ranking at the end of the three poisons. The Dragon Boat Festival is also called "the end of May". May is the beginning of the whole hot weather. Five poisonous snakes are active and ghosts are rampant, which will bring disasters to people, especially to children who are fearless and helpless. We must concentrate on eliminating disasters and preventing drugs for children at the end of May. It is also said that it is to commemorate Nu Wa, the ancestor of mankind, and that "Wa" is homophonic with "Wa". Therefore, many people refer to the Dragon Boat Festival in May as "Children's Day" or "Doll's Day".

The Dragon Boat Festival has been a traditional habit of China people for more than 2, years, because the region is vast and the ethnic groups are numerous, and the departments are Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, Miao, Yi, Zhuang, Buyi, North Korea, Dong, Yao, Bai, Tujia, Hani, She, Lahu, Shui, Naxi, Daur, \. Its contents mainly include: the daughter goes back to her mother's house, puts up a statue of Zhong Kui, greets the ghost boat, hides in the afternoon, puts up leaf symbols in the afternoon, hangs calamus and mugwort leaves, swims in all diseases, wears nasal bags, prepares sacrificial bowls, races dragon boats, fights, hits the ball, swings, paints the children with cockscomb stone, drinks cockscomb stone wine and calamus wine, and eats five poisonous cakes, salted eggs and corn. Some activities, such as dragon boat racing, have developed rapidly, breaking through time and regional boundaries and becoming international sports events.

On November 24th, 25, South Korea applied for "Dragon Boat Festival" and was officially recognized as "the oral and intangible cultural heritage of mankind" by UNESCO. This is a profound lesson for China people to protect the cultural heritage of China and Han.

The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is a traditional folk festival in China-Dragon Boat Festival, which is one of the ancient traditional festivals of the Chinese nation. Dragon Boat Festival is also called Duanwu and Duanyang. Besides this, there are many other nicknames for the Dragon Boat Festival, such as: Noon Festival, Chongwu Festival, May Festival, Yulan Festival, Daughter's Day, Tianzhong Festival, Dila Festival, Sao Festival, Dragon Day, Doll Festival and so on. Although the names are different, on the whole, the customs of people around the country are more similar than different.

It has been a traditional habit of China people for more than 2, years to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival. Because of the vast area, numerous ethnic groups and many stories and legends, not only numerous and different festival names have been born, but also there are different customs in different places. Its contents mainly include: the daughter goes back to her mother's house, puts up a statue of Zhong Kui, greets the ghost boat, hides in the afternoon, puts up leaf symbols in the afternoon, hangs calamus and mugwort leaves, swims in all diseases, wears nasal bags, prepares sacrificial bowls, races dragon boats, fights, hits the ball, swings, paints the children with cockscomb stone, drinks cockscomb stone wine and calamus wine, and eats five poisonous cakes, salted eggs and corn. Some activities, such as dragon boat racing, have developed rapidly, breaking through time and regional boundaries and becoming international sports events.

There are many theories about the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, such as: in memory of Qu Yuan; In memory of Wu Zixu's theory; In memory of Cao E; From the summer solstice festival of Xia, Shang and Zhou; The theory of driving away the evil moon and the evil day, the theory of national totem sacrifice in Wuyue, the theory of commemorating Nu Wa and so on. Each of the above has its own source. According to more than 1 ancient books and professional archaeological research listed in Wen Yiduo's Examination of the Dragon Boat Festival and Historical Education of the Dragon Boat Festival, the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is a totem festival held by wuyue people in the south of China in ancient times, earlier than Qu Yuan. However, for thousands of years, Qu Yuan's love for his national spirit and touching poems have been deeply rooted in people's hearts. Therefore, many people "cherish and mourn it, and discuss its words in the world to spread it from generation to generation". Therefore, the commemoration of Qu Yuan has the widest and deepest influence and occupies the mainstream official position. In the field of folk culture, China Li Shu associated the dragon boat race and eating corn on the Dragon Boat Festival with the commemoration of Qu Yuan.

Up to now, the Dragon Boat Festival is still a very popular grand festival among the people of China. Dragon Boat Festival is now a national legal holiday.

Dragon Boat Festival Legend

Dragon Boat Festival is an ancient traditional festival, which has a history of more than 2, years since the founding of China in the Warring States Period. There are many legends about the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, among which the following four are introduced:

The fifth day of the fifth lunar month, commonly known as the Dragon Boat Festival. End means "preliminary" and "initial". The fifth day can be called Duanwu. In the lunar calendar, the earthly branch marks the moon, the yin is built in the first month, the mid-spring is the base, and the sequence from May to May is noon, so May is called noon month, and "five" is connected with "noon", and "five" is also the yang number, so the Dragon Boat Festival is also called Duanwu, Chongwu, Duanyang and Zhongtian. From the historical books, the word "Dragon Boat Festival" was first seen in the local customs of the Jin people's Zhou Dynasty: "Midsummer Dragon Boat Festival, cooking millet." Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival for the Han people in China. The indispensable activities on this day gradually evolved into: eating horn millet, racing dragon boats, hanging calamus and mugwort leaves, fumigating Atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica, and drinking wine with cockscomb stone. It is said that eating corn and racing dragon boats is to commemorate Qu Yuan, so after liberation, the Dragon Boat Festival was named "Sao Ren Festival" to commemorate Qu Yuan. As for hanging Acorus calamus, Artemisia argyi, fumigating Atractylodes macrocephala and Angelica dahurica, and drinking Jiguanshi wine, it is said that it is to suppress evil. Although the Dragon Boat Festival is over, the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is not very clear. To sum up, there are generally the following statements.

first, in memory of Qu Yuan. This theory originated from the records of Wu Jun's "Harmony of Continuation of Qi" in the South and North Dynasties and "Records of Jingchu's Age" in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. It is said that Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River on the fifth day of May, and was trapped by the dragon behind him. The world mourned it. Every day, he threw five-colored millet into the water to drive the dragon away. It is also said that after Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River, the local people immediately rowed for help and went all the way to Dongting Lake, but Qu Yuan's body was never found. At that time, it was rainy, and the boats on the lake were collected all the way by the pavilion on the shore. When many people learned that it was to salvage the virtuous minister Dr. Qu, they went out in the rain again and rushed into the vast Dongting Lake. In order to mourn, many people rowed on rivers, and then gradually developed into dragon boat races. It seems that eating corn and racing dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival are related to commemorating Qu Yuan, as evidenced by Wen Xiu's poem "Dragon Boat Festival" in the Tang Dynasty: "The festival is divided into the Dragon Boat Festival, and it is rumored that it is Qu Yuan. I can laugh at the emptiness of the Chu River, and I can't wash it straight. "

second, ying Tao said. This statement comes from the Eastern Han Dynasty's Cao E Monument. At the age, Wu Zixu, a loyal minister of the State of Wu, died unjustly. Then, he became a Taoshen, and the world mourned it, so there was the Dragon Boat Festival.

third, the dragon festival. This kind of statement comes from Wen Yiduo's "Dragon Boat Festival Examination" and "Dragon Boat Festival History Education". He believes that the fifth day of May is the day when the "dragon" community in ancient wuyue carries out totem sacrifice. The main reasons are: (1) The two most important activities of the Dragon Boat Festival are eating corn and racing, both of which are related to dragons. Horn millet is often stolen by mosquitoes and dragons when it is thrown into the water, while dragon boats are used in the race. (2) Jingdu has a deep connection with ancient wuyue, besides, wuyue people have another custom of "looking like a dragon" in continuously tattoo. (3) The ancient folk custom of "five-colored silk tied with arms" was effective on the fifth day of May, which should be a relic of the tattoo custom of "like a dragon".

fourth, the evil day theory. In the pre-Qin era, it was generally believed that May was a poisonous month and the fifth was an evil day. A midsummer in Lu's Age stipulates that many people should abstain from sex and fast in May. "Xia Xiaozheng" recorded: "Store medicine this day to detoxify qi." It is recorded in "Da Dai Li" that "the livestock orchid takes a bath on May 5", and there are many legends that the heavy five is the day of extinction by bathing to exorcise evil spirits. The Biography of Twenty-four Histories of Meng Changjun, a famous Meng Changjun in history, was born on May 5th. His father asked his mother not to give birth to him, thinking that "a child in May will be unlucky for his parents if he grows up in Huqi." "Fashion Pass" is lost, "It is said that having a baby on May 5th, the male harms the father and the female harms the mother". Wang Chong, the author of Lun Heng, also described: "The first month and the fifth month are taboo; Killing father and mother in the first month and the fifth month is not worth mentioning. " Wang Zhene, a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was born on the fifth day of May, and his grandfather named him "Zhen Evil". Zhao Ji, Song Huizong was born on the fifth day of May, and was fostered outside the palace since childhood. It can be seen that in ancient times, the fifth day of May was regarded as an evil day, which was a common phenomenon. It can be seen that since the pre-Qin period, this day has been an unlucky day. In this way, on this day, planting calamus and mugwort leaves to drive away ghosts, fumigating Atractylodes rhizome and Angelica dahurica, and drinking wine from Celosia cristata to avoid epidemic diseases are the things when melons are ripe and their roots fall.

five, the summer solstice said. Liu Deqian, who holds this view, put forward three main reasons in The Dragon Boat Festival and China Traditional Festivals: (1) The powerful masterpiece Jingchu Sui Ji did not mention the holiday fashion of eating corn on the fifth day of May, but wrote it in the Summer Solstice Festival. As for Jingdu, the Jade Candle Collection written by Du Taiqing in the Sui Dynasty classified it as an entertainment activity on the summer solstice, so it can be seen that it was definitely to salvage Qu Yuan, a great poet who threw himself into the river. (2) Some contents of the Dragon Boat Festival fashion, such as "stepping on a hundred herbs", "fighting a hundred herbs" and "picking miscellaneous medicines", have nothing to do with Qu Yuan in fact. (3) The first explanation of the Dragon Boat Festival in "Beautiful Scenery at the Age of Years" is: "The sun is shining, and the Dragon Boat Festival is just in the middle of summer, so the Dragon Boat Festival can also be called the Mid-Day Festival. Therefore, the earliest origin of the midday festival is the summer solstice. There are many disputes, and the theory of commemorating Qu Yuan has the most extensive influence. Because of Qu Yuan's outstanding personality, many people are willing to attribute this anniversary to him.

VI. Memory of Nu Wa. In Qingyang, Gansu Province, the dense custom of Dragon Boat Festival has been preserved. This day is a festival for women to play with threads and dress up dolls, so it is called doll's day or girl's day. The doll is against a big blue wow embroidered by Su, or against a plate of snakes. Coupled with the five poisons, wearing a tiger's head hat, full of tiger's head shoes, decorating Shuang Hu on the chest, and wearing a nasal spray bag filled with herbs on the chest, the paradigm is eight doors and five flowers (these are collectively referred to as Qingyang nasal spray bag). Wrists and ankles are tied with five-color threads and twisted into flower ropes, which are all made from women who do things. When and when did this kind of festival and custom inheritance originate? There is no way or data to verify it. It is just a kind of intangible cultural inheritance (Qingyang nasal spray bag was listed as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage in 22). If these folk oral languages and the wearing of dolls are confirmed with some historical records of Dongli Xizhao, it is not difficult to find that they are closely related to the humanities in the Central Plains. "Wa" is homophony with "Wa", and "Nvwa" is homophony with "Nvwa". As the folk saying goes, the Dragon Boat Festival is a doll festival, which is called Nvwa Festival. Therefore, it is speculated that the custom of Dragon Boat Festival in Qingyang, the birthplace of the Central Plains, should be a way for local people to remember and commemorate the years of human childhood, to commemorate Nu Wa and to inform them of their mother's love. The potential relationship between mother's love and childishness is mysteriously ignored from generation to generation. Call, accumulate into a kind of folk consciousness. Its origin in Nian Shi has been very long, even longer than the present textual research. This is the source of the Dragon Boat Festival, which laid the foundation for the formation of China's great cultural system with the word "five characters" in the past, and became the thinking framework of the descendants of the Central Plains on the origin of nature.

[Originated in memory of Qu Yuan]

According to "Biographies of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng" in Twenty-four History, Qu Yuan was a minister of Chu Huaiwang during the Warring States Period. He advocated the promotion of talents and the empowerment of Qiang Bing, a rich country, and urged him to unite against Qin, which was strongly influenced by Zi Lan and others. Qu Yuan was expelled from the capital and exiled to Yuan and Xiang basins. During his exile, he wrote immortal poems such as Li Sao, Tian Wen and Jiu Ge, which are unique in style and have a profound influence (hence, the Dragon Boat Festival is also called Sao Festival). In 278 BC, Qin Jun conquered Kyoto, Chu. Qu Yuan was heartbroken to see his motherland invaded, but he couldn't bear to abandon his motherland from beginning to end. On May 5th, he wrote his last words "Huai Sha", and then he threw himself into the Miluo River and died, writing a magnificent nationalist movement with his own life.

It is said that behind Qu Yuan, the people of Chu were so sad that they flocked to the Miluo River to pay their respects to Qu Yuan. Fishermen rowed their boats and fished for him back and forth on the river. A fisherman took out rice balls, eggs and other foods prepared for Qu Yuan and threw them into the river "plop, plop", saying that the ichthyosaurs, shrimps and crabs were full and would not bite the doctor's body. Many people followed suit after seeing it. An old doctor brought an altar of cockscomb wine and poured it into the river, saying that he wanted to stun the dragon water beast with medicine to avoid danger to Dr. Qu. Later, for fear that rice balls would be eaten by dragons, many people thought of wrapping them with neem leaves and wrapping them with colored silk to develop them into brown seeds.

From then on, on the fifth day of May every year, there was a fashion of dragon boat racing, eating corn and drinking Jiguanshi wine. To commemorate Qu Yuan, a national poet who loves himself.

[Originated in memory of Wu Zixu]

The second legend of the Dragon Boat Festival, which is widely circulated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, commemorates Wu Zixu during his age (77 BC-476 BC). Wu Zixu, a famous member of the State of Chu, and his father and brother were all killed by the King of Chu. Later, Zixu abandoned the dark and rushed to.