Purpura refers to petechiae and ecchymosis caused by bleeding of skin mucosa and viscera. This disease can be divided into thrombocytopenic cyanosis.

It can be divided into allergic purpura and allergic purpura. Thrombocytopenic purpura refers to the coagulation disorder caused by thrombocytopenia.

Life can be divided into primary and secondary. Henoch-Schonlein purpura is an allergic disease caused by allergy.

The clinical manifestations of them are often skin and mucous membrane bleeding, ecchymosis, joint swelling and pain, abdominal pain and so on.

Health guide:

1. Use drugs with caution: avoid using drugs that can reduce platelets, such as cephalosporins, quinine, sodium p-aminosalicylate, lidocaine, etc.

Fuping, aspirin, digoxin, quinidine, sulfonamides, promethazine, etc. Avoid drugs that may inhibit platelet function.

Dipyridamole and dextran.

2. Avoid allergies: There are many factors that cause allergies, mainly bacterial infections, drugs, food, parasites and so on. such as

If you have found or suspected some allergic factors such as plants, drugs, food and microorganisms, you should avoid eating and touching them.

Take measures such as treatment, and don't risk eating foods that may cause allergies, which you have never eaten before.

3. Diet adjustment: eat more light, nutritious and digestible foods, and often take peanuts, red dates and longan.

Lentils, eggplant and other foods. Eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and animal livers, supplement vitamins C and K ... fast and dry,

Spicy and fish, shrimp, crab, cigarettes, wine and so on.

4. Close observation: this disease is common in children, so we should closely observe the bleeding site, bleeding volume and anemia degree. If it is.

If there is any abnormality, you should see a doctor in time. Pay attention to the cleanliness of the skin, and avoid scratching the fingernails, so as not to scratch the skin and cause secondary infection. urgent

You should stay in bed during sexual assault.

Is purpura just skin bleeding?

Purpura is more common in children and young people, because blood oozes from blood vessels and petechiae or ecchymosis appears on skin and mucosa. Purpura is not only skin bleeding, but also tissue bleeding, forming a fluctuating hematoma. Severe patients will also have gastrointestinal and renal bleeding.

The causes of purpura hemorrhage can be divided into two categories:

(1) Vascular system diseases, such as damage to the vascular wall or increased permeability and brittleness of the vascular wall, lead to the leakage of red blood cells in the blood and form purpura. Lack of bacterial toxins, chemicals and vitamins can lead to vascular injury. Such as simple purpura, allergic purpura, allergic purpura with increased intravascular pressure.

(2) Bleeding caused by coagulation disorder. Such as thrombocytopenic purpura, hemophilia, fibrinogen-reducing purpura, prothrombotic purpura caused by liver disease, and purpura caused by excessive anticoagulant drugs.

The above lesions not only lead to skin bleeding, but also lead to other tissues and internal organs bleeding. Purpura should not only consider bleeding, but also carefully examine the organs of each system to rule out blood system diseases. There are also some special types of purpura, such as rheumatic purpura and thrombotic purpura. , need a system check to find out the cause and symptoms. Therefore, purpura should not be taken lightly.

There are many ways to classify purpura, which can be divided into thrombocytopenic purpura and non-thrombocytopenic purpura according to general habits. Some people divide it into inflammatory purpura and non-inflammatory purpura according to the changes of blood vessel wall. Others are classified according to etiology and clinical manifestations. Common purpura and its classification are as follows:

According to the etiology of patients, there are three main types:

(1) The etiology of simple purpura is unclear, generally mild, with no obvious changes in blood vessels and occasional slight coagulation dysfunction.

(2) Henoch-Schonlein purpura often occurs due to the increase of permeability and brittleness of blood vessel wall, and the vascular system changes, but the blood itself does not change. Therefore, the number of platelets, coagulation time and prothrombin time are all in the normal range.

(3) Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, also known as hemorrhagic purpura, the cause of which is unknown. However, antiplatelet factors can be found in the blood of some patients, which can reduce platelets and lead to bleeding.

According to the clinical manifestations, there are four main types:

(1) Purpura simplex generally has no systemic symptoms, and bright red petechiae scattered about the size of a needle can appear on both lower limbs, which will not fade after pressing. After seven days, the color gradually faded. But there are new petechiae.

(2) Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura can be divided into acute type and chronic type. Acute type is rare, can occur in children, and often has a history of infection before onset. The characteristics of the disease are sudden onset, fever, extensive bleeding of the skin, massive ecchymosis, hematoma, bleeding of mucous membrane and urogenital tract, and obvious decrease of platelets, which can be less than 5000 /mm3. Chronic type is more common, with more young women and slower onset. Persistent or repeated bleeding. It not only occurs in the skin, mucous membrane or internal organs, but also bleeds in severe cases.

(3) Rheumatic Purpura has slight ecchymosis of the size of rice grains on both lower limbs, and ecchymosis, wheal or edematous erythema may also appear. At the same time, joint swelling and pain can occur, and systemic symptoms such as fever and limb weakness can also occur.

(4) The skin manifestations of abdominal purpura are the same as those of rheumatic purpura, but there may be abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, acute diarrhea, stool bleeding and other symptoms, and severe cases may be complicated with intussusception.

What tests should patients with purpura do?

Purpura refers to a group of diseases in which blood oozes from blood vessels and bleeds under skin and submucosa. If you find petechiae on your skin, you should seek medical advice in time to make a definite diagnosis. Generally speaking, patients with purpura should do the following tests:

The number and function of (1) platelets (PLT) are closely related to the mechanism of hemostasis and coagulation. The platelet count of normal people is100 ~ 300×109/l (10 ~ 300,000/ml). If it is lower than 80× 109/L(80000/mL), it means that the platelet count is insufficient, the coagulation function is impaired, and the red blood cells in the blood are easy to leak along the broken blood vessel wall, and even spontaneous purpura may occur. Purpura caused by thrombocytopenia is called thrombocytopenic purpura.

(2) Bundle arm test is also called capillary fragility test. When there is poison stimulation or drug allergy, the integrity of capillary is destroyed and its brittleness or permeability is increased, so the beam-arm test will be positive. The test method is to temporarily cut off the blood flow for 5 ~ 10 minutes with the cuff of the sphygmomanometer. Then draw a circle with a diameter of 2.5cm on the forearm flexor skin and count the number of bleeding points in the circle. There are less than 5 bleeding spots in normal men and less than 10 in normal women. In people with positive capillary fragility test, purpura is mostly caused by vascular wall lesions.

(3) The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is related to the quantity and quality of plasma protein, the quantity and quality of plasma lipid and the size and quantity of red blood cells. The normal value of ESR is generally lower than 20mm// hour. Some special types of purpura, such as hyperglobulinemic purpura and macroglobulinemic purpura, can cause accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

(4) Coagulation time and prothrombin time are indicators to detect coagulation factors, prothrombin and platelet function in blood. The normal value of coagulation time is 2 ~ 4 minutes (slide method), and prothrombin time is generally more than 25 seconds. Prolonged coagulation time and shortened prothrombin time are more common in purpura caused by excessive anticoagulants, and purpura caused by decreased platelet function, prothrombin and coagulation factors.

Should patients with purpura be hot or cold?

Purpura is a vascular or blood disease. If it is purpura caused by thrombocytopenia, oral administration is the main treatment, regardless of hot compress or cold compress, there will be no significant effect. If purpura is caused by thin or broken blood vessel wall, local cold compress should be carried out on the basis of medical treatment. Cold compress can make local blood vessels contract, reduce blood circulation, reduce blood exudation, and help repair damaged blood vessel walls.

However, for purpura old skin lesions, congestion persists and can be absorbed by hot compress. Hot compress can dilate local blood vessels and enhance metabolism, so that the elimination system in the body can absorb blood stasis as soon as possible and discharge metabolic waste.

Hot compress and cold compress are only auxiliary means, and oral drugs still play a major role, which is irreplaceable by external treatment.

Why does the eyelid appear petechiae after the child cries?

If the child cries for a long time, there will be reddish petechiae on his eyelids. This phenomenon can also occur in children with pertussis and severe vomiting, as well as in patients with cor pulmonale with severe cough ... This stasis is called intravascular pressurized purpura, also known as mechanical purpura.

Intravascular hypertensive purpura often occurs in severe and sudden muscle contraction, and lasts for a long time. Due to the sudden pressure increase of local small blood vessels and capillaries, venous reflux is blocked, and hypoxia leads to blood vessel wall injury and bleeding. This kind of purpura is common in the face, neck, upper chest, upper limbs and commissure. If the muscles contract hard for a long time, purpura can appear in the neck, trunk and upper limbs; Children with whooping cough, severe vomiting and crying, see eyelid adhesion with purpura; Purpura will appear on the face, neck and upper chest during seizures. Purpura caused by traumatic injury also belongs to this kind of disease.

Children's capillaries are fragile and easy to rupture. This disease is more common. Adults with this disease should check the platelet count to rule out the possibility of thrombocytopenic purpura. Some diseases invade blood vessels, which leads to the increase of vascular fragility and blood pressure, thus increasing the possibility of such diseases.

Suffering from this disease, you should use a cold towel to compress the place where purpura occurs, so that the capillaries contract and reduce bleeding; And oral vitamin c to enhance capillary elasticity. Traditional Chinese medicine classifies this disease as the syndrome of spleen failing to control blood, and it should be treated by supplementing qi and enriching blood. Editor of Fang Xuan Guipi Decoction.

Why are patients with varicose veins prone to purpura?

Patients with varicose veins are prone to a variety of skin diseases, and purpura is one of the common complications. Purpura in the legs of patients with varicose veins is called stasis purpura, also known as upright purpura or acrovascular dermatitis.

Stagnant purpura is more common in men, appearing in the calf, especially varicose veins, which can extend to the instep, toe back and above the knee. The lesions are first tiny purpura macules, which can fuse with each other to form irregular plaques, some of which are several centimeters in diameter. The lesions were purple, yellow or brown; The epidermis can be normal or mild eczema, accompanied by edema, papules, erosion, exudation and other damage. If there is an ulcer, it will not heal easily.

Patients with varicose veins have venous valve dysfunction, venous reflux is blocked, and capillary pressure is increased. Standing or sitting for a long time will aggravate venous reflux block, which can lead to leg edema and red blood cell leakage. So patients with varicose veins are prone to purpura.

Consultation:

The skin on both sides of the thigh sometimes has a little red bruise. It can be relieved after being rubbed with Pikang ointment, sometimes it is good or bad, and it does not hurt or itch.

Professor Wu Yanfang, Director of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University.

Hello, your letter has been received. Your skin disease may be purpura. I suggest you go to the local hospital for a blood test to see what kind of purpura you belong to, and then treat it according to the situation.