There is a habit in the western TV press: any news that is suitable for live reporting will never be reported in other forms. The reason is no longer simple: live reports can best reflect the sense of presence of news events and give viewers an impeccable sense of being there.
In the live TV report, the reporter appears as an interviewer, a witness and a participant. He is both the subject of news and the subject of news events. At this time, the reporter should carry out the intention of reporting the program on the spot. The live report is the link between the program and the audience, the core of the whole reporting activity, and the key figure to determine the success of the live report. Here, the reporter's main position and key role have been clearly demonstrated.
Since journalists have such an important position and role in live reporting, how to give full play to this position and role of journalists has become a crucial issue. The so-called role is actually to improve the reporter's ability to grasp the scene. These functions include:
1, field observation and judgment ability
Observing and collecting materials with eyes at the news scene is called "observation interview". It has the dual observation of reporter's eyes and camera's eyes.
When the reporter arrives at the reporting site, the first task is to observe the scene, understand the scene, grasp the basic situation and establish the interview ideas. For example, the reporter received a news clue that a serious car accident occurred on the Universiade Highway, and the bus collided with the truck, causing serious casualties. When the reporter rushed to the scene, he should quickly observe the various situations on the scene: two cars collided, the bus was seriously damaged, the passengers were crowded in the car, and the ambulance personnel carefully rescued the seriously injured from the window and quickly sent them to the hospital for treatment. This is the first situation at the scene. Here is another intersection, the main road of traffic. Hundreds of cars were blocked at once, and long queues formed on both sides. There is a serious traffic jam. The traffic police try their best to clear the traffic, operate the slow lane, and take turns driving in one direction to solve the traffic problem. This is the second case. It was also reported at the scene that the truck forcibly turned in violation of traffic rules, and the speed was too fast, which collided with the through train, causing serious casualties. This is the third situation. These situations depend on reporters' quick observation, quick adaptation to the scene, highlighting key points and reporting.
When the reporter arrives at the news scene, the events on the scene are still developing and changing. The reporter must report on the scene and can't wait until the shooting is over before returning to the TV station to analyze it slowly and carefully. At this time, journalists are required to judge which aspect is newsworthy in complex situations. For example, seeing the medical staff pry open the carriage and climb to the bottom of the car, regardless of oil and blood, sweating like rain, quickly rescuing the injured who still have hope of survival. Journalists should focus on the most newsworthy facts on the scene, choose people, details and atmosphere, and describe and report.
2, on-site strain and selection ability
Finding news clues is the premise of news reporting, and a TV reporter should have sensitive "news vigilance". There are many reports, and I originally wanted to report other problems. Suddenly found that there were more newsworthy reports on the scene, the reporter had to act decisively and improvise. For example, "Making Kaifeng Forum a Hypnotic Meeting" won the National Excellent TV News Special Prize 1998. At first, the reporter was sent to report a report meeting. When he arrived at the meeting, he found that one fifth of the people listening to the report were sleeping on their desks, and some people were chatting. As a result, the reporter changed the original intention of the report and turned the report into news about the mental state and listless expression of some cadres and turned it into good news.
3, on-site control and description ability
This is the basic skill of on-site reporting, which requires reporters to describe the situation accurately and infectiously. For example, Zhejiang Satellite TV reported that the typhoon "Mai Sha" landed on the coast of Zhejiang. The reporter described the storm and described himself standing at the reporting site. Because of the difficulty in breathing due to the wind, he might be blown away carelessly; Describe the uprooting of trees and the collapse of scaffolding; Describe the wind speed, use the speed measuring instrument in your hand, and so on. It is necessary not only to describe the characteristics of things that can best be expressed at the scene, but also to grasp vivid details and make a reasonable summary report on the environment and people.
4. Website design and questioning ability
Live reports, most of which require live interviews. On-site interview is inseparable from design questions and questions. Holding a microphone, reporters are active at the event site and have face-to-face communication with the interviewees, which can truly reproduce and reproduce the colorful scene space and create an all-round information field with time and space compounding.
It takes a high art to ask questions to the interviewee. Italian female journalist farage said: "People interview is a drama and a battle." The reporter's questions are very important to play this play well. As a reporter between the audience and the interviewee, we should first make it clear that we are not just asking questions on behalf of TV stations or individuals, but should always keep the masses in mind, know what the audience wants to know most, and guide them to know what. On-site questions should be to the point, be able to answer, express the theme of the report, hit the nail on the head, be specific and sharp. We have some TV reporters doing live interviews and asking big and empty questions. We often hear: "Please talk about recess", "What do you think", "How do you feel" and so on. When a reporter asked a question, he asked several questions in one breath, which made the interviewee at a loss and didn't know which question to answer. This is an urgent need to study and improve.
On-the-spot report completely got rid of the influence of newsreel production mode on TV news, and changed the old news production process of shooting pictures first, then writing explanations and then dubbing. This form of reporting gives full play to the communication advantages of sound and picture synchronization. With vivid pictures, real voice, rich expressive force, great attraction and strong appeal, it makes the audience see this man and smell his voice. With the continuous improvement of the level of TV news reporting, this form of news reporting should be strongly advocated and widely used.
Of course, live reporting is the best form to give full play to the advantages of TV communication, but not all reports can adopt this form of reporting. For example, simple activities, such as project completion and opening a store; Static, fixed-scope activities, such as holding meetings and making reports; Events without activities are not suitable for live coverage. On-site reporting should choose active, marching, changing and plot events to report.
The development of TV industry and the fierce competition of media naturally put forward new, higher and stricter requirements for TV programs, TV practitioners and TV reporters. To be a qualified TV reporter, you should not only have the political level, news sensitivity, interview and writing skills that journalists should have, but also master the skills of on-the-spot reporting and on-the-spot interview. On-the-spot awareness is the main quality that TV reporters must have, and it is also the key to improve the overall level of TV news. We advocate on-the-spot reporting, and at the same time, we should advocate learning and catching up with international advanced on-the-spot reporting methods, so as to better improve the quality of TV news reports and the taste of special news columns and enhance the competitiveness of TV and other media.