Located at the junction of Antu, Fusong and Changbai counties in Jilin Province, with a total area of 19078 1 hectare, 1960 was established with the approval of the people's government of Jilin Province, and 1980 joined the UNESCO international "Man and Biosphere" protected area network. Changbai Mountain is a rare typical volcanic landform area in China. The highest peak of the reserve is 2770 meters above sea level, which is the first peak in Northeast China. There are river valleys, swamps, terraces, hillsides, plateaus, alpine lakes and craters in the nature reserve, and the complex habitat conditions constitute the vertical zonality and diversity of plant distribution. According to the survey, there are more than 2540 species of wild plants and 364 species of wild animals in this area, among which Siberian tiger, sika deer, merganser and ginseng are national key protected species, which are very rare in the whole Far East. Rich natural resources and unique natural environment make Changbai Mountain a natural nature reserve. The establishment of this nature reserve is of great significance not only in biodiversity protection, but also in scientific research, teaching practice and tourism.

Heilongjiang LAM Raymond National Nature Reserve

Located in Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province, with an area of 18400 hectares,/kloc-0 was established with the approval of Heilongjiang Provincial People's Government in 1963, and/kloc-0 was promoted to the national level in 1988. The main protection object is the original Korean pine mother forest. This area is located on the south slope of Xiaoxing 'anling. The zonal vegetation is a temperate coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest. The main forest types are Korean pine forest, spruce fir forest and larch forest, among which Korean pine forest accounts for the largest proportion, accounting for 2/3 of the total volume in the whole region. The vibrant Korean pine covers the sky and basically maintains the virgin forest state, making the nature reserve a famous "hometown of Korean pine", which has important scientific research, teaching practice and guiding production practice value.

Jiangsu Yancheng coastal beach rare birds national nature reserve

Located in the coastal areas of Sheyang, Dafeng, Binhai, Xiangshui and Dongtai counties (cities) in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, with an area of 453,000 hectares, 1984 provincial nature reserves were established, and 1992 were promoted to the national level. In the same year, they joined the UNESCO international "Man and Biosphere" protection network. The main protection objects are the ecological protection system of tidal flat wetland and many rare birds represented by red-crowned cranes. Facing the Yellow Sea, this area was formed by the sediments deposited in the ancient Yellow River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta under the wave collision and tidal action of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. The coastal beach is 444 kilometers long and is a typical representative of the muddy plain coast. There are many rivers, swamps and wetlands in this area, which are rich in biological resources. The ecosystem in the core area is basically in a primitive state, with 3 15 species of birds, including 9 species under national first-class protection and 33 species under second-class protection. There are about 800 Danxiang cranes wintering here every year, which is the largest wintering place for Danxiang cranes in the world and an important breeding ground for the international endangered species Black-billed Gull. There are also many national second-class protected animals, the largest muntjac in China. The establishment of Yancheng Nature Reserve is of special significance to the protection and research of rare migratory birds such as Danxiang River.

Zhejiang Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve

Located in Lin 'an County, Zhejiang Province, with an area of 4,300 hectares, it was established in 1956 and is one of the earliest nature reserves in China. /kloc-0 was approved as a national nature reserve by the State Council in 1986, and its main protection targets are rare and endangered plants such as Ginkgo biloba, Cercidiphyllum japonicum and Liriodendron chinense. 1996 Join the UNESCO international "Man and Biosphere" protected area network. This area is located in the northern edge of the southeast coastal hilly area, with a warm and humid monsoon climate. The plant is a subtropical deciduous evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest, which is one of the most abundant tropical plants in Central Asia. The flora reflects the antiquity and diversity. There are 70 species of liverworts, 240 species of mosses, ferns 1 10, and seed plants 1570. Among them, there are 25 species of national key protected plants, and 24 species are named after Tianmu Mountain. Ginkgo biloba, a rare wild species in relict plant, is also distributed here, which has important scientific research value. In addition, Tianmu Mountain has beautiful natural scenery and numerous cultural and historical sites, and is also a tourist summer resort.

Zhejiang Nanji Islands National Nature Reserve

Located in the southeast sea area of Pingyang County, Zhejiang Province, with an area of 19600 hectares,/kloc-0 was established with the approval of Pingyang County People's Government in 1989, and/kloc-0 was approved as a national level in 1990. Its main protection objects are marine shellfish and algae and the ecological environment. This area is located in the sea area where the warm current of Taiwan Province Province meets the coastal current of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and belongs to the subtropical marine monsoon climate. There are many kinds of marine life, complex flora and well-preserved natural ecosystem in this area. There are 403 species of marine shellfish identified in this area, of which 19 is a new record in China. There are 0/74 species of marine benthic algae/kloc-,among which Sargassum nigricans is a new species of marine algae in the world, and the number of shellfish algae in China accounts for more than 29%. The shellfish in this sea area is not only rich in species, but also has the characteristics of temperate and tropical flora and the phenomenon of regional fracture distribution, so it can be called an important shellfish gene bank in the offshore of China.

Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, Yunnan

Located in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, with an area of 2,465,438+0,776 hectares (consisting of five regions: Mengla, Shang Yong, Hua Meng, Mengyang and Gao Man). 65,438+0,986,5438+0 was established with the approval of the Standing Committee of Yunnan Provincial People's Congress, and the Yunnan Provincial People's Government re-divided and adjusted. The region belongs to tropical humid climate, with continuous low mountains, vertical and horizontal rivers and evergreen seasons. This is the best-preserved tropical virgin forest in China, and it is known as "the kingdom of animals and plants" at home and abroad. About 3890 species of higher plants have been identified, among which 53 species are national key protected plants, such as Cephalotaxus fortunei, Alsophila spinulosa and wild rice. There are 758 species of vertebrates, including 36 species of black gibbon and Asian elephant. There are 30 endemic plants and 7 endemic animals in this area, such as Manglietia tenuifolia. Xishuangbanna is not only a natural gene bank of species, but also attracts many domestic and foreign tourists with its magical tropical scenery and ethnic customs. It is one of the famous scenic spots in China.

Xinjiang Bayinbuluke National Nature Reserve

Located in Hejing County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with an area of 6,543.8+10,000 hectares, it was established with the approval of the People's Government of Xinjiang Autonomous Region in 654.38+ 0980, and was promoted to the national level in 654.38+0988. The main protection objects are rare waterfowl such as swans and their habitats and breeding grounds. This area is located in Bayinbuluke grassland under Tiangeer Peak in Tianshan Mountain, surrounded by mountains, with an altitude of more than 2,400 meters, belonging to an alpine basin. The world-famous "Swan Lake" is located in the southeast of the basin, which is a large area of marshland made up of many small lakes connected in series. Here, rivers and ditches crisscross, water plants are abundant, water quality is clear and the environment is quiet. Every April or so, thousands of rare birds such as swans come here to live and breed. Besides swans, there are more than 70 other species of birds, which are important habitats and breeding bases for rare waterfowl such as swans in China.

Xilingol Grassland Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia

Located in Xilinhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with an area of 1078600 hectares. 1985 was established with the approval of the people's government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 1987 was accepted by UNESCO as a member of the "International Biosphere Reserve" network, and 1997 was promoted to the national level. The main protection objects are meadow grassland, typical grassland, sandy grassland and valley wetland ecosystem. Xilingol grassland is the most representative overgrown grass-rhizomatous grass (Stipa, Leymus chinensis) temperate grassland in China, and it is also a relatively complete part of the primitive grassland in the East Asian grassland subregion of Eurasia. The nature reserve has a unique type of ecosystem, which has the basic characteristics of grassland biological community and can fully reflect the structure and ecological process of typical grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia Plateau. At present, there are 658 species of seed plants in this area, belonging to 74 families and 299 genera, 73 species of bryophytes and 46 species of macrofungi, including 426 species of medicinal plants and 0/0/6 species of excellent forage grass. The wild animals distributed in nature reserves reflect the characteristics of Mongolian plateau flora. There are 33 species of mammals such as antelope, wolf and fox, and 76 species of birds. Among them, there are 5 species of national first-class protected wild animals such as red-crowned crane, white stork, black stork, bustard and jade belt sea eagle, and 2/kloc-0 species of national second-class protected wild animals such as swan, prairie eagle and antelope. This area is the largest nature reserve of grassland and meadow ecosystem in China at present, which occupies an important spatial position in the protection of grassland biodiversity and has obvious international influence.

Hubei Shennongjia National Nature Reserve

Located at the junction of Fangxian County, Xingshan County and Badong County in Hubei Province, with an area of 70,467 hectares. 1978 was established with the approval of Hubei provincial people's government, 1986 was promoted to the national level, and 1990 joined the UNESCO international "Man and Biosphere" protected area network. Its main protection objects are forest ecosystems and endemic rare species in the northern subtropical mountainous areas. This area is located between Daba Mountain System and Wudang Mountain System. The main peak, Shennongjia, is 3052 meters above sea level and is known as the "Roof of Central China". The vegetation in the area is mainly subtropical, with both temperate and tropical elements, and the vertical zonality is obvious. This area is a gathering place of all kinds of animals and plants in China, and it is also one of the distribution centers of endemic genera in China. There are 19 19 species of higher plants, including 32 species of Davidia involucrata and Pistacia chinensis, which are national key protected plants. Medicinal plants1more than 200 species; There are more than 500 species of terrestrial vertebrates, and 43 species of national key protected animals include golden monkey and red panda. There are more than 0/0 species endemic to Shennongjia, such as Dendranthema morifolium. In recent years, albino animals such as "White Bear" and "White Golden Monkey" have been discovered many times in Shennongjia, which has attracted great attention of Chinese and foreign scientists. In addition, Shennongjia is a resort for eco-tourism and adventure tourism because of its wonderful natural landscape, rich biological resources and strong mystery.

fujian wuyi mountain national nature reserve

Located at the junction of Jianyang County, Wuyishan City and Guangze County in Fujian Province, it covers an area of 56,530 hectares. /kloc-0 was established with the approval of the State Council in 1979, and/kloc-0 joined the UNESCO international "Man and Biosphere" protected area network in 1986. Its main protection objects are forest ecosystems and rare species in subtropical mountainous areas. This area is the main part of Wuyishan, and the highest peak, Huanggang Mountain, is 2 158 meters above sea level, which is the main peak of Wuyishan and the highest peak in the southeast. The primary forest and secondary forest in the area have neat appearance, complete ecosystem and obvious vertical belt spectrum of vegetation, and the largest subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in China is distributed. This area is a transitional zone between the pan-Arctic flora and the paleotropical flora, and it is rich in plant resources. There are more than 2,000 species of plants, including more than 800 species of higher plants/kloc-0 and more than 0 species of national key protected plants such as Fokienia hodginsii. This area is also rich in animal resources. There are more than 400 kinds of wild animals and more than 5000 kinds of named insects here. It is one of the most famous places of origin of insect model specimens in the world, with more than 0 species 10 of national key protected animals such as South China Tiger, clouded leopard and Papilio. Wuyishan is not only a precious biological resource area in China, but also one of the famous mountains along the southeast coast of China. Its majestic and beautiful scenery has won the reputation of "a must in the southeast" and it is a famous tourist attraction.

Guangdong Dinghushan National Nature Reserve

Located in Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, with an area of 1 133 hectares, 1956 was approved by the State Council. This is the first nature reserve established in China. 1980 joined UNESCO's international "Man and Biosphere" protected area network, with the main protection objects being the south subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest and rare animals and plants. Located on the northern edge of the tropical zone, this area is a well-preserved area of South Asia monsoon evergreen monsoon forest in China. The natural forest in this area is one of the special forest types in the world. The forest is rich in animal and plant resources, and there are more than 2,400 kinds of higher plants, including dozens of national key protected plants such as Alsophila spinulosa, Cycas, Gemu, Litchi and Pinion. There are many kinds of endemic plants in this area, including more than 20 species named after Dinghushan, and the "type specimens" produced here. The complex forest vegetation and rich food sources in the nature reserve provide an ideal habitat for all kinds of animals. There are more than 0/00 species of higher animals, among which leopards, antelopes and pythons belong to the national key protection. The reserve has high scientific research value and is an ideal place to carry out the research on ecosystem positioning.

Sichuan Wolong National Nature Reserve

Located in Wenchuan County, Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, with an area of 200,000 hectares, it was established with the approval of the State Council in 1975, and joined the UNESCO international "Man and Biosphere" protected area network in 1980, mainly protecting giant pandas and forest ecosystems. This area is located in the upper reaches of Minjiang River and the east slope of Qionglai Mountain, and belongs to the humid climate in the middle subtropical zone. The highest peak is 6250 meters above sea level, with a relative height difference of 5000 meters. It is a high mountain and canyon area in the transition from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to Sichuan Basin. The zonal vegetation in this area belongs to the middle subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, but with the change of water and heat conditions caused by altitude, the vegetation types change regularly in the vertical direction. Dense bamboo shoots grow in the temperate coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest belt and subalpine coniferous forest belt at an altitude of 2 100-3600 meters, which is the most suitable living environment for the rare and endangered animal giant panda. The flora in this area is complex and rich in resources. There are 18 10 species of higher plants, among which Davidia involucrata, xiangguoshu, yew, etc. are the national key protected plants. There are more than 40 kinds of higher animals such as white-lipped deer. Since the establishment of the reserve, it has made remarkable achievements in the protection and research of giant pandas and has become a research center for giant pandas.

Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, Sichuan

Located in Nanping County, Sichuan Province, with an area of 60,000 hectares, 1978 was established with the approval of the State Council, mainly to protect giant pandas and forest ecosystems. Located at the southern end of Minshan Mountain in the northeast of Ma Gang Mountain, this area is dominated by a north-south valley, with a depth of 40 kilometers, the highest elevation of 4,764 meters and a relative height difference of over 2,500 meters. The climate belongs to the transition zone between the north subtropical zone and the warm temperate zone, with obvious vertical distribution of natural vegetation and abundant animal and plant resources. Rare animals live in this area, such as giant panda, pronghorn, golden monkey and blue pheasant. The natural landscape of Jiuzhaigou is very strange. There are more than 100 beautiful alpine lakes and countless spectacular icebergs and snow peaks in the territory, which together constitute beautiful and magical natural scenery and become famous tourist attractions at home and abroad. 1992 was approved by UNESCO to be included in the World Cultural and Natural Heritage List.

Guizhou Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve

Located at the junction of Jiangkou, Yinjiang and Songtao counties in Guizhou Province, it covers an area of 4 1.900 hectares. 1.978 provincial nature reserve was established, and 1.986 was promoted to national level. In the same year, it joined the UNESCO international "Man and Biosphere" protected area network, and the main protected objects are subtropical forest ecosystem, Guizhou golden monkey and Davidia involucrata. Fan Jing is the main peak of Wuling Mountain, with the highest elevation of 2,572 meters, which has obvious monsoon climate characteristics in the middle subtropical mountains. This area is a gathering place of various floristic geographical elements, with rich plant species, including ancient relict species, diverse vegetation types and obvious vertical band spectrum. It is a typical primitive vegetation preservation site in the mid-subtropical mountainous areas of western China. There are more than 2,000 species of plants in the region, including more than 1,000 species of higher plants/kloc-0, including 2 species of Davidia involucrata. And there is a large area of Davidia involucrata. There are 382 species of vertebrates, including Guizhou golden monkey 14 species, which is the only distribution area of Guizhou golden monkey. Fan Jing is not only a precious biological resource pool, but also one of the famous Buddhist mountains in the history of China. It has unique natural scenery and many cultural and historical sites, and is a tourist attraction to be developed.

Wang Lang, Sichuan: Protecting Golden Monkey

China Nature Reserve is listed in the list of internationally important wetlands.

Zhalong Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province

Located in Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, it covers an area of 265438+100000 hectares. 1979 established the provincial nature reserve, 1987 was promoted to the national level, and 1992 was listed in the List of World Important Wetlands. Its main protection objects are rare birds such as red-crowned cranes and wetland ecosystems. This area belongs to the continental monsoon climate in the north temperate zone, and it is a natural wetland complex with the most primitive landscape and the richest species in the same latitude. Wuyu River, a tributary of Nenjiang River, lost its course here and flooded into a swamp with dense reeds and many fish and shrimp, becoming an ideal habitat for waterfowl. There are more than 260 species of birds and waterfowl 120 species, accounting for more than half of China. Among them, there are 35 species of national key protected birds, the most famous being cranes, with 15 species in the world and 9 species in China. There are 6 species of red-crowned cranes, white cranes, white-naped cranes and demoiselle cranes in this area, which is worthy of being a unique "crane town" in the world.

jilin xianghai national nature reserve

Located in Tongyu County, Jilin Province, with an area of 105467 hectares,198/kloc-0 was established with the approval of the people's government of Jilin Province in/,and was promoted to the national level in 1986, and 1992 was listed in the List of World Important Wetlands. The main protected objects are red-crowned cranes and white storks. This area is located in the platform swamp meadow and desert dwarf forest landscape belt on the southern slope of Daxing 'anling Mountains. There are many vegetation types in the area, including reed swamp, Leymus chinensis grassland, sparse shrub, sand dune Yulin and so on. The unique natural environment and rich biological resources of nature reserves have nurtured a wide variety of wild animals, especially bird resources. According to the preliminary investigation, there are about 15 orders, 33 families 102 species of birds, among which red-crowned crane, white-naped crane, gray crane, crane and egret are national key protected wild animals and endangered species in the world.

qinghai lake national nature reserve

Located in Gangcha, Haiyan and * * counties of Qinghai Province, it covers an area of 495,200 hectares. 1.975 was established with the approval of Qinghai provincial people's government, and 1.997 was promoted to national level. Its main protection objects are plateau wetland ecosystem and rare birds. This area is located in the northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with Qinghai Lake as the main body, surrounded by lakeside plain, swamp meadow, mountain meadow, semi-desert hay beach and desertification dune belt in turn. There are 200 species of birds and animals in the lake area and its surrounding areas, including 36 species of mammals, belonging to 6 orders 15 families. Birds 15 orders, 35 families, 164 species, and breeding birds account for 69.5% of the total number of birds, reaching as many as 1 14 species; There are 400,000 species of waterfowl under special protection, including spotted geese, brown gulls, fish gulls and cormorants. The number of swans exceeds 1000, which is one of the important areas for waterfowl and migratory birds to inhabit, breed and overwinter in the inland areas of China's plateau, and is also a post station for migratory birds. The wild animals listed as national key protection in this area mainly include black-necked crane, Przewalski's gazelle, swan and so on. Qinghai Lake Nature Reserve is rich in wetland ecosystem types and biological resources, which makes it listed in the international important wetland list and will play an increasingly important role in biodiversity protection in the future.

Hainan Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve

Located in Qiongshan City, Hainan Province, with an area of 3,337 hectares, it was established with the approval of Guangdong Provincial People's Government in 1980, promoted to national level in 1986, and listed in the List of World Important Wetlands in 1992. The main protection object is mangrove ecosystem. Mangrove is a unique forest vegetation community in tropical and subtropical coastal areas, which is only distributed in coastal areas of a few provinces in southern China. Dongzhai Port and its nearby beaches have a large area of well-growing mangroves, with a wide variety of mangroves, ranking first in China. There are about 40 species of mangroves in the world, including 24 species in China and 19 species in Dongzhai Port. The establishment of the reserve plays an important role in protecting biodiversity and maintaining the ecological balance of the bay.

There are Poyang Lake in Jiangxi, East Dongting Lake in Hunan and Mipu in Hong Kong.