Factors, but more reflected in the "quality" difference.
First of all, the tools and materials used in Chinese and western painting are different. The tools and materials used in China's painting are pen, ink, paper and inkstone, which have been continuously improved for thousands of years, commonly known as Four Treasures of the Study. The tools and materials of western painting are pens, paper (cloth), colors, knives and so on. Color is one of the main materials of various western paintings. It is layered by hue and lightness to express the image of things, generally including gouache, watercolor, oil painting and other colors. Because China's painting pen is sharp, he decided to use lines to shape it. However, China's paintings have high requirements for lines. They pay attention to the shape changes such as straight line, thickness, shade and density, and the unity of organization, as well as the sense of movement and rhythm formed by combining rigidity with softness and light brushwork, which embodies the artistic beauty of line modeling. For example, Wu Daozi's ancient figure paintings, especially Kai Liang's "Li Bai Xing Yin Tu", vividly show Li Bai's heroic character and brilliant demeanor through a few strokes; Western painting uses a flat-headed pen, and each pen is a piece, which determines that it is modeled with a piece. It uses hue and lightness of color and brightness of light to express an objective image, and pays attention to the real effect of three-dimensional space, such as the picture effect of Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper.
The color feature of Chinese painting is thick ink and light color. The color it uses is a special traditional Chinese painting color, thin and transparent. For example, the description of geisha and dancers by Gu, a famous painter in the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, is enough to illustrate this point, that is, the paintings with meticulous brushwork and heavy colors in the later period also pay attention to the effect of moistening nature; Colors used in western painting (including oil painting, water pink, watercolor, etc.). ) pay attention to the thick color blocks in the early stage, delicate brushwork and bold brushwork in the later stage, pay attention to the true reproduction of the color of objective objects, and emphasize the light color effect with rich color changes, such as Rembrandt's self-portrait.
Secondly, Chinese and western ways of thinking are different. China's perceptual tradition and monistic world outlook and the biography of rationalism in the west.
The world outlook of monism and dualism is opposite. China's monist worldview holds that man and nature are unified and harmonious, and man is a part of nature. Related to this, it created the unique perceptual thinking mode of China people. Western dualism, on the other hand, separates man from nature, opposes man and nature, pays attention to man and his potential, and thinks that man can know and transform the world. Therefore, westerners advocate rational spirit.
Different ways of thinking between China and the West determine the internal differences between Chinese and Western arts. China's paintings pay attention to expression and freehand brushwork, that is, to emphasize.
Sex; Western painting emphasizes reproduction and realism, that is, it emphasizes rationality. This determines that Chinese and western paintings have different expressions. Chinese painting is not fixed on a foothold, nor is it limited by a fixed vision. Instead, according to the painter's feelings and needs, he moved his foothold to painting and absorbed all the visible and invisible scenery into his own picture, that is, he used the scattered perspective method. For example, Fan Kuan's The Journey to the West and Huang's Fuchun can't accurately reproduce the real scene, but they are lifelike and can bring people a kind of artistic beauty. Western painters use scientific perspective and chromatics to express the perspective of near, far and small focus and the spatial change of color. The image has a strong three-dimensional sense, lifelike and typical. Such as Raphael's Academy of Athens in the Renaissance and the Portrait of Pope Innocent X by the famous Spanish painter velazquez.
Therefore, Chinese and western traditional paintings make people feel that they are two different systems, giving people different feelings. China's landscape paintings fully demonstrate.
The beauty of nature shows personalized nature, which can make people integrate into the landscape and make people feel happy and natural. For example, You Chuntu by Zhan Ziqian is a green landscape painting depicting natural scenery, showing people's outing in spring. By vividly depicting various natural scenery and people's activities, the painter successfully embodies the theme of "having spring". China's flower-and-bird paintings have both form and spirit, which not only shows the beauty of flowers and birds, but also endows the painter with thoughts, feelings and vivid images. Although China's figure paintings can't clearly show people's appearance, the action expressions of the characters are very real. For example, Cao Zhi's "Fu Tu of Luoshen" skillfully reproduces the spiritual essence of literary works. The Luo god he portrayed seems to come and go, wandering and pacing on the water, very refined and affectionate; However, Cao Zhi, who is in a state of indecision and trance, is far away from Luoshen on the shore of Luoshui, lingering, out of reach, and very vivid, showing infinite melancholy and sadness. As for western traditional painting, due to the development of anatomy and perspective, the reproducibility of western traditional painting reached its peak in the Renaissance. For example, in Leonardo da Vinci's Madonna among the Rocks, the Madonna occupies the center of the picture. She holds the infant St. John in her right hand, sits the infant Jesus in her left hand, and is followed by an angel, forming a triangle composition and responding to each other with gestures. The background is a deep cave dotted with flowers and plants, and the cave is completely exposed. The exquisite depiction of characters and backgrounds, the use of smoky brushwork, scientific realism, perspective and restoration in the painting show his superb level in dealing with the dialectical relationship between realistic realism and artistic treatment.
Finally, I want to explain that although China's paintings emphasize expression, they are never divorced from objective reality. For example, Qi Baishi's Shrimp is "between similarity and dissimilarity". Although western traditional painting emphasizes reproduction, it can be seen from the works of representative painters in various periods, especially in the Renaissance and later painters, artists always try to pour their emotions and consciousness into them. Both Chinese painting and western traditional painting can cultivate and appreciate people's beauty.