Carbohydrate, protein and fat do not exist as independent foods, but coexist in various foods. Each food has its own supply focus. And there are many nutrients in the same food. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the balance of various nutrients through reasonable food collocation.

Choice of carbohydrates. For example, 100 g of rice contains 77.2 g of carbohydrates, indicating that carbohydrates are the main nutrients in rice. But rice also contains 7.4 grams of protein, 0.8 grams of fat and 0.7 grams of dietary fiber. Since it is known that100g of rice contains 77.2g of carbohydrates, patients who need 268g of carbohydrates every day should eat 350g of staple rice. The nutrients of all kinds of grains are similar. Therefore, grain varieties can be used interchangeably, and coarse and fine grains can be matched. In addition to the carbohydrates contained in the staple food, the amount of carbohydrates contained in other foods such as potatoes, fruits and vegetables should also be calculated in the total carbohydrate intake throughout the day.

The main sources of protein are milk, lean meat, protein and tofu, followed by cereals and potatoes. The total daily protein required by patients, after deducting the protein quality of cereals and potatoes, is the protein quality that should be ingested from meat, eggs and milk of non-staple foods. Generally speaking, 250 grams or 500 grams of milk a day, 1 egg is a fixed amount of protein to eat, and the rest of the protein needs to be supplemented by lean meat. Lean meat algorithm needed every day:

The protein quality that lean meat should provide = the total amount of protein needed every day-protein quality in 500g or 250g milk-1 protein quality in eggs-protein quality in grains and beans; Divide the amount of protein by 20% (calculated by 20 grams of protein per100g of raw meat), and the weight of lean meat thus calculated is the weight of raw meat.

The food sources of fat are rich fat in milk, eggs and lean meat, and animal fat and various vegetable oils. The calculation method is as before: daily total fat requirement-the amount of fat contained in milk, poultry and lean meat = the amount of animal and vegetable oil that needs to be replenished again. According to China's current living standards and eating habits, the amount of oil in meals exceeds the need. Therefore, the diet of diabetic patients must be light and eat less fat. The consumption of vegetable oil per person per month should be limited to about 400 ~ 600g. ?

Automatic control method

This recipe is based on the current diet, and then adjusted according to the reasonable diet standard of diabetes. First of all, introduce the standard of reasonable diet, including two contents:

(1) Is the total amount of the three nutrients reasonable?

This is easy to judge by weight. If you are overweight, it means that the total amount of three nutrients in your diet at this stage exceeds your body's needs. If the weight is normal, it means that the total intake is exactly what the human body needs. If the body is thin, it should refer to blood sugar. If the blood sugar is well controlled, it means that the total intake is too small. If you are thin, your blood sugar level is high, and you are underweight, the reason may be a serious shortage of insulin, or eating too little, or both. Please ask a doctor for help.

(2) Is the ratio of the three nutrients reasonable?

Reasonable food matching standard:100g of grain should be matched with100g of milk and 50g of lean meat. Add 1 egg every day. 500 ~ 750g vegetable oil per month. For example, if you eat 200 grams of grain every day, you can mix it with 200 grams of milk, 100 grams of lean meat and 50 grams of eggs.

If vegetable protein is selected, lean meat is replaced in the following proportion. However, it is impossible to completely replace lean meat with bean products or soybeans.

Every 50g of lean meat can replace 250g of tofu; Or 100g dried bean curd; Or 50 grams of soybeans (ie soybeans).

If you don't eat eggs, you can use lean meat instead: 50 grams of eggs can be replaced by 25 grams of lean meat, but try not to use lean meat instead of eggs, because all kinds of foods have their own nutritional values, and it is impossible for one food to completely replace all the nutritional values of another.

If the meat intake is mainly cattle, sheep, chicken and fish, you can eat 750 grams of vegetable oil every month. If lean pork is the main food, or choose soybeans and bean products, the vegetable oil should not exceed 500 grams per month.

Steps of diet adjustment:

First determine your weight type: normal, overweight, obese, underweight or emaciated.

To judge whether the proportion of the three major nutrients in the current dietary structure is reasonable. Which foods take up too much and which foods take up too little.

Adjust the recipe. If you are overweight or obese now, it means that the total amount of three nutrients in the diet at this stage exceeds the needs of the body and needs to be reduced on the basis of the present. Reducing carbohydrates, protein or fat depends on the combination of the three. If according to the above standards, the proportion of the three nutrients in the actual food intake is unreasonable, it is necessary to reduce the types with higher proportion until the right amount.

After the first adjustment, eat according to the new recipe for one month and then measure your weight. It is also reasonable to subtract1000g. Continue to use this recipe to arrange your diet until your weight returns to normal. If you lose more than 1000 grams, it means that you are overcorrecting, and the intake of three nutrients is less, so you should increase it according to the above ratio. If the current weight is normal, it means that the total amount of the three nutrients is appropriate, and then it is adjusted according to the matching standards of the three nutrients.

If you are underweight now, you should refer to your blood sugar level. If the blood sugar level is well controlled, it means that the total diet at this stage is too small, and it is necessary to increase the diet. So increasing carbohydrate, protein and fat, or all three, depends on the combination of the three nutrients. If the three nutrients in the food actually consumed are unreasonable, it is necessary to increase the categories with a lower proportion. For example, if the proportion of grain is low, increase its proportion until it is reasonable. If the collocation is reasonable, it is necessary to increase all three in proportion.

The causes of emaciation, high blood sugar level and low weight may be a serious shortage of insulin, or eating too little, or both. Please ask a doctor for help.