Fusang is a famous flower in China, which is widely cultivated in the south of China. The flowering period is long, almost all year round, and the flowers are large, colorful and numerous. In addition, it is easy to manage, and it is an important greenhouse and indoor flower in the Yangtze River basin and its northern area, which is widely used in landscaping in subtropical areas. At the same time, it can also be used in medicine.
Basic introduction of Chinese scientific name: Hibiscus Latin scientific name: Hibiscus Rose-China alias: Hibiscus, Zhu Jin, Hibiscus, Carthamus tinctorius, Hibiscus: Botany: Angiosperms: Dicotyledonous Subclass: Primitive Tepalpus Subclass: Malvaceae: Hibiscus Species: Hibiscus Distribution: South China, Southeast Asia, South America, Hawaii/kloc. Growth environment, geographical distribution, housekeeping, disease control, main value, garden application, medicinal value, literature records, national flower and city flower, morphological characteristics, leaves like mulberry leaves, but also round leaves. Axillary trumpet flowers, single and double petals, maximum flower diameter of 25 cm, evergreen shrubs or small trees. The stems are erect and multi-branched, up to 6 meters high. Leaves alternate, broadly ovoid to narrowly ovoid, 7 ~ 10 cm long, 3 main veins, acute or acuminate apex, coarsely serrated or notched leaf margin, nearly entire base, hairless or slightly sparse dorsal veins, like mulberry leaves. Flowers are large, stalks drooping or straight, solitary in the axils of upper leaves, single and double; Single valve is funnel-shaped, double valve is not funnel-shaped, but red, yellow, pink and white. Flowering occurs all year round, and it is the most prosperous in summer and autumn. The appearance of hibiscus flower is warm and unrestrained, but it has a unique flower heart, which is formed by connecting most small flowers and wrapping them outside the big flowers. The structure is quite detailed, just like a slender heart under a warm exterior. Li Mingzhizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" has three eyes: "Fusang is produced in the south and is a different kind of hibiscus. Its branches are weak, its leaves are dark green and slightly astringent like mulberry. Its flowers are red, yellow and white, and the red one is particularly expensive. Called Zhu Xi. " Xu Mingwei's poem "I have heard of people who have bought hibiscus flowers" reads: "Remember the 50 frost in Tangjiang River, and remember the rotten hibiscus when the flowers bloom." Wu Zhenfang's Miscellaneous Notes on Lingnan in the Qing Dynasty: "There are hibiscus flowers everywhere in central Guangdong, and the leaves are like mulberries, slightly smaller, with red, reddish and Huang San colors. The big ones bloom like peony, and the flowers bloom and fall at dusk, from March to October. " There are many kinds of hibiscus, there are more than 3000 kinds in the world, with Hawaii being the most. There are not many varieties in China, and it is customary to take petals as the first grade, color as the second grade and flower diameter as the third grade. There are varieties suitable for garden planting, such as small spinning powder, mini white, flowers on flowers (this kind of Zhu Jin with petals on the filament tube was named after Buddha mulberry and flowers on flowers in ancient China, see the right picture), pink peony, pink beauty and so on, as well as varieties suitable for potted plants, such as brilliant red. A common variety, American Beauty, has deep rose-red flowers. Orange-yellow hibiscus, single petal, orange-red flowers, purple flower center. Butter balls, double yellow balls. Butterfly, single, with small yellow flowers. Golden California gold, single, golden yellow, crimson heart. Single dark rose-red flower with white center. Cooperi, the leaves are long and narrow, needle-shaped, green, with white, pink and red stripes. These flowers are small and bright red. The crown of blood, double petals, yellow flowers can turn orange. Gold, single petal, orange, orange in the center. Hula hoop, single petal, large flower, flower diameter 15cm, yellow to orange-red, deep red flower center. Lateritia, the flowers are orange and yellow, and the flower heart is black and red. Pure yellow hibiscus, single petal, orange blossom. Crabgrass, red stems, grayish green leaves, single petals, magenta flowers, deep red veins and deep red flower hearts. Foggy double large yellow flower. Presidential, single petal, scarlet, dark pink. Double red flower, small, deep red. Rosea, double rose. Sunset, double, orange-red flowers. Matador, single petal, big flower, flower diameter 12 ~ 15cm, yellow with red flower center. Vulcan, single petal, big flower, red. White wing, single petal, big flower, white. Name of the same plant: Dendritic Hibiscus alias: Dendritic flower, hanging basket flower Scientific name: Hibiscus: Hibiscus belongs to Hibiscus. Morphological characteristics: basically the same as Hibiscus, the main difference is that the pedicel is slender, large and drooping, and the petals are deeply fringed, like hanging lanterns; Monostamens and pistils are much longer than corollas and far beyond corollas. Distribution of origin: native to Central Africa. At present, south China can be cultivated in the open air, and greenhouse flowers can be used in the north. Growing environment Fusang, also known as Zhu Jin, is native to southern China. I prefer warm and humid climate to cold and frost. I don't like shade. I should grow in a sunny and ventilated place, and I don't have strict requirements on the soil, but I grow best in fertile and loose slightly acidic soil, and the temperature in winter is not lower than 5℃. Fusang is a strong positive plant, likes warm and humid nature, needs plenty of sunshine, is not tolerant of shade, cold and drought, and can only be potted in the Yangtze River basin and northern areas, and overwinters at the temperature of 12 ~ 15℃ in greenhouses or other protected areas. Room temperature is lower than 5℃. The leaves turn yellow and fall off, and when the temperature is below 0℃, they are frozen. Pruning resistance and strong branching ability. It has wide adaptability to soil, but the slightly acidic loam with rich organic matter and pH 6.5 ~ 7 grows best. Distribution National flower: Malaysia, Panama and Fiji Islands Republic National flower: Hawaiian origin: China Fusang has a long history of cultivation in China. As early as the pre-Qin Shan Hai Jing, there was a record of "hibiscus on the Tang Valley", while the Southern Vegetation in the Jin Dynasty recorded that "its flowers are hibiscus, with deep red color, so it is called Zhu Jin" and "crimson, with five flowers". There are many varieties of hibiscus, which can be divided into single petal and compound petal according to petals, and red, pink, yellow, cyan and white according to colors, among which the crimson double petal is slightly similar, hence the name Zhu Jin. Fusang variety Cooper. The cultivated varieties of hibiscus flowers, also known as "Rhododendron grandiflora", are mainly ornamental leaves, and the color of leaves varies from white, red, yellow and green, which is very beautiful. Commonly used propagation methods are cutting and grafting. Cutting can be carried out except in winter, but the survival rate is high in rainy season. One-year-old semi-lignified cuttings are the best, the length is 10 cm, the terminal leaves are flat, and the cuttings take root about 3 weeks after cutting. Grafting is mostly used for double-flowered varieties that are difficult to cut, either by branch grafting or bud grafting, and the rootstock is single-flowered hibiscus. Cutting propagation: from May to 65438+ 10, the survival rate is the highest in rainy season. It's done in the greenhouse in winter. The best cuttings are semi-lignified branches with the length of 10 cm. The lower leaves were cut off, leaving the upper leaves. The incision should be flat and inserted into the sand bed, and the air humidity should be kept high. Room temperature 18 ~ 2 1℃, rooting after 20 ~ 25 days. Treating the cutting base 1 ~ 2s with 0.3% ~ 0.4% indolebutyric acid can shorten the rooting period. When the roots grow to 3 ~ 4 cm, transplant them into pots. Grafting propagation: spring and autumn. It is mostly used for hibiscus varieties with difficult cutting or slow rooting, especially for double-petal varieties with low cutting survival rate. Adopting branch grafting or bud grafting, taking single-petal hibiscus flower as rootstock. Grafted seedlings bloom in the same year. Softwood cutting of double-petal hibiscus is a good method for efficient and rapid propagation of double-petal hibiscus. It is possible to build a plastic arched shed with a height of 0.5m and a length of 3 ~ 5m on the greenhouse floor. Always keep one end open and the other end pressed with bricks to keep the light, temperature and humidity in the shed stable. The cutting substrate is made by mixing vermiculite and perlite according to the volume ratio of 1: 1. Put it into a plastic seedling pot with a diameter of 10cm and a height of 10cm, water it and put it on the border in the shed. The preparation method of rooting agent is: accurately weigh 0.5g of pure indolebutyric acid, add 50ml of 95% medical alcohol to dissolve it, add distilled water, and use distilled water to adjust the volume to1L.. You can cut it all year round, in the morning and evening or on cloudy days, and insert it while cutting. Select robust plants with many new shoots and large growth, and collect semi-lignified new shoots without pests and diseases. The new shoots are cut into 10 ~ 15 cm long, leaving three-leaf cuttings, and in addition, they can be cut into short cuttings, saving materials and achieving good results. Before cutting, the cuttings with a base of 3cm were soaked in rooting agent for 2 seconds, air-dried for 1 ~ 5 minutes, and then cut. Before inserting, the substrate must be punched with a bamboo stick slightly thicker than the cuttings, with a depth of 3 ~ 4 cm. After inserting the cuttings, the gaps should be pinched, and each seedling pot should be cut with 1 cuttings, so that the leaves can stretch out as far as possible. Spray water immediately after cutting, then spray 2000 times the amount of carbendazim liquid medicine, disinfect and tie up the plastic shed film. A stable and well-controlled rooting environment is an important link in the success or failure of cutting. The temperature in the greenhouse should be 25℃ ~ 29℃ during the day, higher than 15℃ at night, and the air relative humidity should be 80% ~ 90%. By controlling the greenhouse environment, the small environment in the greenhouse is stable and the sunshine is mild in winter. Open the window for ventilation and cooling, and close the window cover to adjust the temperature. In summer, the sun is strong and the high temperature is difficult to control. In addition to ventilation, the shed should be covered with a sunshade net with a certain light transmittance (generally 30% ~ 50%). At noon on a sunny day, the temperature in the shed rises the fastest. At this time, it is necessary to spray water to cool down, observe the temperature change, and often spray water outside the shed. Also, always check the bed insert and pick up dead plants and rotten leaves in time. It is required to keep the air humidity above 90% in the first week, and then it can be gradually reduced; Callus began to be produced in 15 days after cutting, and roots were born in 20 ~ 25 days. When most cutting roots grow to 1.5 ~ 2.0 cm, gradually open the greenhouse for seedling hardening, spray water only for a short time at high temperature at noon, use 0.5% urea+0./%potassium dihydrogen phosphate as foliar fertilizer, and spray 1 time at night within 7 days. After 15 days of hardening seedlings, when the leaves of new shoots germinate and turn dark green, the plastic sheets and sunshade nets are removed one after another. Generally, it takes 40 ~ 45 days from cutting to transplanting. When the root system grows to more than 6cm, brown old roots have been formed, and the stress resistance of cuttings is improved, so they can be transplanted in time. It is best to choose cloudy days for transplanting and open-field border planting. Do leveling well in advance (1.2m×5.0m). In order to prevent the occurrence of damping-off disease, carbendazim (3 ~ 5g/㎡) was sprinkled on the border, and then evenly raked with a flat rake. Ditching depth 10cm, row seedlings according to 10cm, and then return the soil to strengthen and tamp. The root system should be exposed to sunlight for as short a time as possible, with a row spacing of 30cm and 3 rows per border (150 plants/border), watered and covered with a shading net. If it is windy in sunny days after transplanting, you can spray water on the leaves 3 ~ 4 times with a sprayer at noon. When the soil is slightly hardened, loosen the soil with a small hoe in time, remove the shade net 20 days after transplanting, and then hoe the ground, water, topdressing and apply pesticides in time. After planting, the newly planted seedlings have weak disease resistance and slow growth, so foliar fertilization is needed. The specific method is to spray/kloc-0 once a week after planting. The formula is 0.5% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05% trace fertilizer (containing boric acid, zinc sulfate and EDTA chelated iron), which makes the seedlings recover quickly and the leaves are dark green. The north is managed in the north all the year round. After cutting and rooting, double-petal hibiscus flowers are suitable for centralized planting in plastic seedling pots. After two months of cultivation, the roots are covered with clods and should be transplanted into clay pots. Double hibiscus is not tolerant to low temperature. When the temperature is lower than 15℃, the plant growth is inhibited and it is easy to drop flowers. When the temperature is lower than 5℃, the leaves wither rapidly. Open-field seedlings should be planted in pots before early September. The weather in Beijing turned cold in the middle and late September. To move them from outdoor to indoor, they need to spend the winter in the greenhouse. In winter, if the temperature and other conditions are guaranteed, the flowers can keep blooming. Among the diseases and insect pests, aphids, scale insects and whiteflies are the most common. Spraying 3000-fold 1.8% avermectin or 2000-fold beta-cypermethrin to kill them, and hanging a yellow sticky board, also has certain effect. Cultivation techniques lack light, buds are easy to fall off, flowers shrink, and the sunshine should not be less than 8 hours a day. Fusang has a great demand for fertilizer, so it should be supplemented in time when it is cultivated. Potted hibiscus usually leaves the house in April. Before going out, change pots, trim them properly and keep a beautiful crown. During the growing period, there should be enough water, no water shortage and no waterlogging. Usually, water should be used once a day, once in the dog days and once in the morning and evening. The ground is often sprinkled with water to cool down, so as to prevent the tender leaves from burning and the flowers from falling prematurely. After cooling at 10, move into a greenhouse, keep the temperature above 12℃, control watering and stop fertilization. Cultivation places are poorly ventilated and lack of light, and aphids, scale insects and bituminous coal diseases often occur. Attention should be paid to improving environmental conditions and selecting suitable pesticides for prevention and control. Treatment methods Fusang is mostly planted in Chi Pan, in front of pavilions, beside the southern road and by the fence. Red flowers bloom all year round, which is very lively. Potted plants are often used to decorate balconies or small gardens in the Yangtze River basin and the north, and the viewing period is particularly long when the light is sufficient. It is also one of the main flowering potted plants placed in public places in summer and autumn. During the storage and transportation of hibiscus, if the light is insufficient, the soil is too dry and ethylene exists, the buds and flowers will fall off. Potted hibiscus flowers must be sprayed with 0.5 ~ 0.8 mmol silver thiosulfate solution 2 weeks before storage and transportation, and the storage and transportation temperature is 20 ~ 265438 0℃, and the relative humidity is 80%, which can withstand the dark environment for no more than 3 days. Loose and fertile sandy loam should be selected for changing pots and pruning potted plants. Before moving out in early spring and April every year, we have to change pots. There are three things to do when changing pots: first, put in new culture soil; The second is to cut off some fibrous roots that are too dense and curly; The third is to apply plantar fertilizer and slightly add phosphate fertilizer to the pelvic floor. In order to maintain a beautiful tree shape and a large number of flowers, according to the characteristics of strong germination ability of hibiscus, pruning and shaping can be carried out before and after leaving the house in early spring. Except for 2 ~ 3 buds at the base, all the upper branches were cut off. Pruning can promote the new branches to grow more vigorously and the plant shape is beautiful. Water and fertilizer should be properly controlled after pruning, because the consumption of aboveground parts is reduced. At the beginning of May, the positive tree species should be moved outdoors and placed in a sunny place. At this time, it is also the growing season of hibiscus, so it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizing water, loosening soil and pulling weeds. Apply dilute liquid fertilizer every 7 ~ 10 days, and water it according to the wet and dry conditions of the basin soil. Too dry or too wet will affect flowering. Management should be cautious after autumn, and pay attention to less fertilization in the later period to avoid sprouting autumn shoots. Autumn bamboo shoots are tender and weak in cold resistance, and will be frozen when the weather is cold. When entering the house in time, Fusang is not frost-tolerant. After the first frost, it must be moved indoors to keep warm before beginning of winter. The overwintering temperature shall not be lower than 5℃ to avoid freezing injury; Not higher than 15℃, so as not to affect dormancy. Poor dormancy leads to poor growth and flowering in the following year. All furniture rooms with good heat preservation conditions facing south can survive the winter, and can be covered with paper or plastic film for heat preservation when the weather is cold. Move the house for the first time every day, open the window for ventilation, pay attention to the dry and wet changes of the basin soil, and water it properly. In the coldest days, watering can prevent freezing injury, but fertilization should be stopped. Leaf spot, anthracnose and sooty blotch often occur in disease control, and 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times solution can be sprayed. Pests include aphids, red spiders and moths. Can be sprayed with 10% pesticide emulsifiable concentrate for 2000 times. Beautiful hibiscus leaf yellow prevention Hibiscus, also known as Zhu Jin Peony, is native to the south of China. It likes warm and humid climate and requires sufficient sunshine and good ventilation. It is best to plant in loose and fertile sandy soil and slightly acidic soil. Fusang moved out of the house from the end of April to the beginning of May, trimmed and changed pots, and put them in sunny places. During the growing period, dilute liquid fertilizer is poured once a week. If the leaves turn yellow and fall off during the growth period of hibiscus, it is mainly caused by improper watering. Watering hibiscus should also be seen when it is wet; Potted soil is often wet, which affects root respiration and will rot and die in severe cases. In the process of planting hibiscus, we should pay attention to prevent soil alkalization. /kloc-moved indoors in June of 0/0, and the temperature remained above 15℃. Low temperature will cause defoliation. In addition, outdoor hibiscus flowers should be shaded properly at noon before and after the summer heat, and attention should be paid to increasing the number of water sprays and lowering the temperature after beginning of autumn. The main value garden uses hibiscus flowers, which bloom and fall. They are colorful, scattered in front of pavilions, beside roads and beside city walls in southern Chi Pan. Potted hibiscus is suitable for living room and porch decoration. Hibiscus, also known as Hibiscus, is native to China and India. Like warm and humid climate, suitable for sunshine, but also a little tolerant of cloudy, dry, wet, barren soil and cold. Medicinal value is also known as safflower, hibiscus, moon red, wood flower and rooster flower. It comes from Zhu Jin (hibiscus-. ) belongs to Malvaceae, and its roots, leaves and flowers are used as medicine. Roots and leaves can be harvested all year round, and flowers can be picked, dried or used fresh in summer and autumn. Sweet and flat in nature. Functions: sweet and cold in nature, regulating menstruation, clearing away lung-heat, resolving phlegm, cooling blood, detoxicating, diuresis and detumescence. Roots: used for parotitis, bronchitis, urinary tract infection, cervicitis, leucorrhea, irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, lung heat cough, acute conjunctivitis and nosebleeds. Leaves and flowers: external use to treat furuncle, carbuncle, mastitis and lymphadenitis. Flowers: Irregular menstruation. Flowers, leaves, stems and roots of hibiscus can be used as medicine, and roots are the main ones. Usage and dosage: root or leaf 0.5 ~1; Flower 1 beam. Flowers and leaves should be mashed and applied to the affected area. Compendium of Materia Medica is extracted from the National Collection of Chinese Herbal Medicines, but there is not much introduction to Fusang, only that Fusang is "sweet, flat and non-toxic." But the only indication is "swollen cheeks, take leaves or flowers and treat them with white hibiscus leaves, ox leaves and white honey cream, that is, disperse." In fact, flowers, leaves, stems and roots of hibiscus can be used as medicine, and roots are mainly used in traditional Chinese medicine. The leaves, stems and roots of Compendium of Materia Medica can be harvested in four seasons, and flowers can be picked in flower season. Remove dirt and impurities after harvest, dry in the sun for later use (slice stems and roots), or use fresh products. For menstruation, mumps or arthritis, stir-fry with wine. Usually used as a soup or stew. For external use, the flowers or leaves are mashed and applied to the affected area. The hibiscus flowers are picked in the flower season. After picking, impurities such as soil are removed, which can be dried for later use or used as fresh products, usually decoction or stew. External use can smash the affected area with flowers. Hibiscus contains gossypol, quercitrin, kaempferol, vinegar, cyanidin, rice straw juice and vitamins. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that hibiscus is sweet and cold, and has the effects of cooling blood and detoxifying, diuresis and detumescence, clearing away lung heat and resolving phlegm. It is suitable for acute conjunctivitis, urinary tract infection, nosebleeds, irregular menstruation, cough due to lung heat, parotitis and mastitis. The leaves and stems of hibiscus can be harvested all year round. After harvesting, impurities such as soil can be removed, dried for later use or used as fresh products. The stem needs to be sliced, and fresh leaves should be pounded and applied to the affected area for external use. The leaves and stems of hibiscus contain sesame sterol, dandelion sterol, acetate and enzyme. The leaves of hibiscus are mainly used to treat skin ulcers. The roots of hibiscus can be harvested all year round. After harvesting, impurities such as soil can be removed and dried for later use. The roots need to be sliced. The root of hibiscus contains tannin, which is similar to the tannin of flowers and is the main medicinal part of traditional Chinese medicine. According to the literature, in the Song Dynasty, Caixiangxi Hall was as cold as early spring, and the cold flowers leaned against the moon, which charmed pedestrians. All the poor trees withered, only countless branches rotted and regenerated. Bright clothes are covered with clouds and dew, and incense wears dust. The famous garden refused to compete for color, and the peach trees and wild water were burned. Fosang, plant name. Shrub. The leaves are oval. The corolla is very big, with red and white. It is planted in the south of China. It blooms all year round and is a famous ornamental plant. Li Mingzhizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" has three eyes: "Fusang is produced in the south and is a different kind of hibiscus. Its branches are weak, its leaves are dark green and slightly astringent like mulberry. Its flowers are red, yellow and white, and the red one is particularly expensive. Called Zhu Xi. " Xu Mingwei's poem "I have heard of people who have bought hibiscus flowers" reads: "Remember the 50 frost in Tangjiang River, and remember the rotten hibiscus when the flowers bloom." . Description: Passionate, gorgeous and enthusiastic, the national flower Fuso is deeply loved by people all over the world because of its easy cultivation and long viewing period. Malaysia in Asia, Sudan in Africa, Fiji in Oceania and Hawaii in the United States are designated as national flowers or state flowers respectively. It is also the city flower of Nanning, China and Yuxi, Yunnan, which shows the position of Fusang in Asia and Africa. Hermite International Company and Stokes Tropical Plant Company of the United States. IGI Trading Company, Dutch Door Mould Company, Pozos Plant Company, Israeli Goya Nursery, British Thompson Morgan Company, German Jierito Company and Australian Aositai Company are all very famous in breeding, reproduction and production of Fusang, especially several companies in the United States. Zhu Jin-Nanning flower "Fusang" originated in China and is widely planted in southern China. In summer, hibiscus is full of flowers and leaves, and is known as "Zhu Jin Peony". The ancient poem eulogizes: "Only fly to build a chapter of fire, and then fall in the summer of Chicheng", "The flame burns the red Buddha and mulberry." "Fusang" is the city flower of Nanning, Guangxi, but the name "Zhu Jin" is used here. Because "Fusang" and "mourning" are homophonic, and "hanging bell" and "hanging tail" are homophonic, which is even worse. People in Nanning not only love "Zhu Jin", but also plant it all over the street. The roof of Nanning International Convention and Exhibition Center is also designed as a huge Zhu Jin flower upside down, and the annual China-ASEAN Expo is held here. "Fusang" is the national flower of Malaysia, but it is called "big red flower"-Bangala Asia. Malaysians regard the "big red flower" as a symbol of the enthusiasm of the Malay nation and a metaphor for their ardent love for the motherland. "Fusang" has high economic value, and flowers, leaves and roots can be used as medicine. The leaves are sweet and dry, and have the effect of clearing away heat and toxic materials. Flowers are sweet and cool, and have the effects of clearing away lung heat, resolving phlegm, cooling blood and detoxifying. External use can treat carbuncle swelling and sores. Recently, it was found that it can also lower blood pressure, and the stem bark can be used to make ropes and sacks.