The Far Eastern Leopard (scientific name: Panthera pardus orientalis) is a subspecies of the leopard, a large cat in the northern frigid zone, second only to the Northeast Tiger in size, with a small head and a long tail, and short, healthy limbs; the fur is yellow, covered with black rings; the spots on the head are small and dense, and the spots on the back are dense and large, and the spots are in the form of a round or oval prune-like pattern, which is quite similar to the ancient copper coins, so it is also known as the "money leopard". Ancient copper coins, so it is also known as the "money leopard". The front feet are 5 toes, the hind feet are 4 toes, the claws are grayish-white, and can be retracted.

Living in forests, thickets, wetlands, deserts and other environments, their nests are built in dense bushes, scrub or caves. It lives alone, often at night, and rests in trees or caves during the day. It preys on all kinds of hoofed animals, monkeys, rabbits, rodents, birds and fish, and also picks sweet berries in the fall. When there is a lack of food, it also sneaks into villages at night and steals poultry and livestock. It was once widely distributed in the forests of the Russian Far East, Heilongjiang and Jilin in northeastern China, and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. It has been listed in Appendix I of the Washington Convention and is strictly protected by Russia, North Korea and China ***.

Basic introduction Chinese name: Far Eastern Leopard Latin name: Panthera pardus orientalis Alias: Northeast Leopard, Manchurian Leopard, Amur Leopard, Money Leopard Boundary: Animalia Phylum: Zoidea Subphylum: Vertebrata Phylum: Mammalia Subphylum: Eumetazoa Phylum: Carnivora Family: Cat Family: Panthera: Panthera Genus: Leopard Species: Panthera: Far Eastern Leopard Named by and Age ：Schlegel, 1857 English name ：Amur Leopard Morphological features，Habitat, Habits, Breeding mode, Distribution range, Population status, Quantity, Recovery, Level of protection, Morphological features The Far Eastern Leopard has a body length of 0.8-1.4 meters, a tail length of about 1 meter, a body weight of 60-100 kilograms, and a maximum of 130 kilograms for the largest individual. The male is slightly larger than the female and has a lighter coat, with beautiful golden yellow body hair about 2.5 centimeters long in spring and summer, and 7 centimeters of long, light gray hair in winter to protect it from the cold. The carapace is even, with medium-length limbs and toed rows. Senses of sight, hearing and smell are well developed. Canines and cleft teeth are extremely well developed; upper cleft teeth with three cusps, lower cleft teeth with two cusps; molars are more reduced, with crowns of teeth smaller in diameter than the height of the lateral incisors. Fur soft, often conspicuously patterned. Forelegs 5-toed, hindlegs 4-toed; claws sharp, retractable. The tail is well developed. The head is small and rounded, with short ears, black on the backs, yellow at the tips and also at the base, and with sparse small black dots. The iris is yellow, and the pupil constricts to a rounded shape under strong light, while in the dark it emits a shining phosphorescence. The canines are well developed, and the surface of the tongue is covered with numerous keratinized inverted spines. There are five rows of oblique whiskers on each side of the mouth. The forehead, between and below the eyes, and cheeks are covered with small black spots. The body coat is brightly colored, apricot yellow on the back of the body, white on the underside of the neck, chest, belly, and inside of the limbs, black on the back of the ears with a prominent white spot, black on the tip of the tail, and black spots all over the body, with the spots on the head being small and dense, and the spots on the back being dense and larger. Habitat The Far Eastern leopard inhabits broad-leaved forests and mixed coniferous and broad forests in the cold and temperate zones, and is found in high mountains from plains to an altitude of 3,600 meters. Its nests are relatively fixed, mostly built in dense bushes, thickets or caves. Life Habits It lives a solitary life, often at night, and its range of activities is relatively fixed where food is abundant; when food is scarce, it wanders dozens of kilometers to forage for food. The male's range is larger than that of the female. During the day, it lurks and sleeps in nests or bushes. Sunlight streams through the forest and spills onto its spotted fur, making it difficult to detect its presence even from a few meters away. It comes out in the evening to roam and forage for food and does not rest until dawn. It is highly territorial, but the territories of several leopards may overlap with each other. The Far Eastern Leopard has developed senses, is agile and good at climbing trees, but does not like to swim. It has an unusually fierce temperament, with large, sharp canines and exceptionally well-developed cleft teeth, which are good for capturing and tearing prey. Prey on sika deer, musk, roe deer, reindeer, wild boar, rabbits and other herbivores, strong body, can cross the 6-meter-wide ditch, jumping on the 3-meter-high cliff. Sometimes they also eat fish and birds, as well as attacking poultry and livestock. When hunting, there are two main ways of attack, one is hidden in the trees, so that you can find the prey from above, and at the same time, the smell will be scattered with the wind, it is not easy to be detected by the prey, but you need to wait for the prey to pass by from under the tree; the other is a sneak attack, the first sneak close to the prey, and then suddenly leaped out and captured it. At that time can not eat all the prey is hanging in the high branches, so that neither easy to rot, but also not easy to be eaten by other animals, and so on the food feed lack, and then come back to slowly eat. Its strength is so great that it can catch a prey half as heavy as itself on a tree. It can also endure days of starvation when it cannot find food. Breeding The Far Eastern Leopard mates and breeds from January to February each year. The gestation period for females is 95-105 days, with 2-3 litters per litter, or up to 6 litters in captivity, and the lactation period is 4-6 months, with the young following their mothers for a year before becoming independent. Distribution As of April 2012, it is found only in the Russian Far East, parts of Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces in China, and parts of northern Korea. It was once widely distributed in the Russian Far East, northeastern China, and the Korean Peninsula. It is now distributed only in the Russian Far East, parts of Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces in China, and parts of northern Korea. Population Status Population Chinese and Russian wildlife experts have declared the Far Eastern leopard to be endangered with only about 40 individuals left in the world's wild population. Until 1980, nearly 50 Far Eastern leopards were active in Jilin Province alone. Chinese and Russian experts believe that the Far Eastern leopard has been virtually extinct in some of its traditional habitats. Worse still, due to the expanding range of human activities, the existing Far Eastern leopards have been divided into several "isolated islands", where intermarriage and mating have been restricted, and thus the wild populations necessary for them to thrive have also become very scarce. Habitat destruction, poaching, and the killing of large numbers of herbivores threaten the survival of wild Far Eastern leopards, and a large number of them were killed between 1970 and 1983. There are 40 wild Far Eastern leopards in the Russian Far East (1998 estimate), North Korea (1998 estimate) has about 10 wild Far Eastern leopards preserved in its forests, China's wild Far Eastern leopards are estimated to number between 10 and 15, and the last wild Far Eastern leopard in South Korea was shot in 1969.The 1999 count was 223 Far Eastern leopards kept in 71 zoos, with 95 of them in zoos in North America. In 1999, there were 223 Far Eastern leopards kept in 71 zoos, 95 of which were in zoos in North America. There are about 10 or so in China and roughly 30 or so in Russia. In 2013, one northeastern leopard with two 6-month-old cubs was captured on video in the Lanjia Forest in Jilin, China. on December 9, 2015, a far-infrared camera captured a leopard family in action in the Lanjia Forest, with an adult female leopard with a year-old calf, which was a male. The location where the video was taken on July 29, 2016 and the location where the family of one leopard with two cubs was found in 2013 are about 10 kilometers away and about 40 kilometers from Russia. Wang Fuyou, Director of the Conservation Department of Wangqing Nature Reserve, said, "After comparing with the leopard family in 2013, it is not the same female leopard, it is a new individual and a new family. The fact that the leopard family activity was filmed again after two years is enough to prove that Wangqing is already a real habitat for the northeastern leopard." CCTV Harbin, July 1 message (reporter Chi Song) recently, "China's Northeast Leopard Population and Habitat Research" was officially published by China Science Press. This is based on the State Forestry Administration Cat Research Center for nearly 15 years of northeastern leopards, northeastern tigers and prey distribution information database published by the study, by the Northeast Forestry University, academician Ma Jianzhang, reviewer, Professor Jiang Guangshun and other writers. Recovery The Northeast Leopard is a critically endangered big cat in the world. According to the latest international statistics, its population has never exceeded 100, and it is distributed only in China and Russia, and its endangered status has attracted global attention. The report is based on the 15-year database of the distribution information of the northeastern leopard, northeastern tiger and prey of the Cat Research Center of the State Forestry Administration of China, and the collection of a large amount of habitat data, and the establishment of a species distribution prediction model, and found that the northeastern region of China has 48,000 square kilometers of the current habitat of the northeastern leopard, which is nine times the area of 5,200 square kilometers of Russia's current habitat, and through the assessment of the assessment of the northeastern leopard identified 21,000 The assessment identified 21,000 km2 of suitable habitat patches for the Northeast Leopard, which can support the survival and distribution of approximately 195 individual Northeast Leopards, and found that the spatial distribution of the Northeast Leopard population is clearly driven by the distribution of prey populations, and there is competition for the distribution of Northeast Tigers, and the largest existing habitat patches are connected to the current habitat of the Russian Northeast Leopard, indicating that there is hope for the recovery of the globally endangered Northeast Leopard population in China, and it is urgent to develop a conservation action plan. This indicates that the hope for recovery of the globally critically endangered Northeast Leopard population lies in China, and that there is an urgent need for effective implementation of the Conservation Action Plan and joint international conservation efforts. Protection level Included in Appendix I of the Washington Convention Included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species ver 3.1 - Critically Endangered (CR). Note: Far Eastern Leopard Atlas URL